κᾰκός, ή, όν,
bad:
I of persons,
1 of appearance, ugly, εἶδος μὲν ἔην κακός Il. 10.316, cf. Paus. 8.49.3.
2. of birth, ill-born, mean, γένος ἐστὲ διοτρεφέων βασιλήων.., ἐπεὶ οὔ κε κακοὶ τοιούσδε τέκοιεν Od. 4.64; Ζεὺς δ’ αὐτὸς νέμει ὄλβον.. ἐσθλοῖς ἠδὲ κακοῖσι 6.189; οὐ κακὸν οὐδὲ μὲν ἐσθλόν 22.415; οὐδ’ ἐὰν.. φανῶ τρίδουλος, ἐκφανῇ κακή S. OT 1063; κακός τ’ ὢν κἀκ κακῶν ib. 1397.
3. of courage, craven, base, Il. 2.365, 6.489; κακοῦ τρέπεται Χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ (called δειλὸς ἀνήρ in the line above) 13.279; Ἕκτωρ σε κ. καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει 8.153, cf. Od. 3.375; κ. καὶ ἀνήνορα 10.301; οἵτινες.. ἐγένοντο ἄνδρες κ. ἢ ἀγαθοὶ ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίῃ Hdt. 6.14; κ. καὶ ἄθυμος Id. 7.11; οὐδαμῶν κακίονες ib. 104; κακοὺς πρὸς αἰχμήν S. Ph. 1306; κακή τ’ ἐς ἀλκὴν καὶ σίδηρον εἰσορᾶν E. Med. 264; οὐδενὶ ἐπιτρέψοντας κακῷ εἶναι X. An. 3.2.31.
4. bad of his kind, i. e. worthless, sorry, unskilled, ἡνίοχοι Il. 17.487; [ τοξότης ] ἢ κ. ἢ ἀγαθός ib. 632; νομῆες Od. 17.246; κ. ἀλήτης a bad beggar, ib. 578; ἰατρός A. Pr. 473; κυβερνήτης, ναύτης, E. Supp. 880, Andr. 457; μάγειρος Pl. Phdr. 265e: c. acc. modi, πάντα γὰρ οὐ κακός εἰμι I am not bad in all things, Od. 8.214; κ. γνώμην S. Ph. 910: also c. dat., κακοὶ γνώμαισι Id. Aj. 964: c. inf., κ. μανθάνειν Id. OT 545; [ νῆσος ] φυτεύεσθαι κακή Trag.Adesp. 393; cf. 11.
5. in moral sense, base, evil, Od. 11.384, Hes. Op. 240; opp. Χρηστός, S. Ant. 520; ὦ κακῶν κάκιστε Id. OT 334, Ph. 984; πλεῖστον κάκιστος Id. OC 744; κ. πρός τινας Th. 1.86; εἰς φίλους E. Or. 424 codd.; περὶ τὰ Χρήματα Pl. Clit. 407c.
6. wretched, Herod. 3.42.
II
1. of things, evil, pernicious, freq. in Hom., etc., as δαίμων, θάνατος, μοῖρα, αἶσα, κῆρες, νοῦσος, ἕλκος, φάρμακα, ὀδύναι, Od. 10.64, Il. 3.173, 13.602, 1.418, Od. 2.316, Il. 1.10, 2.723, 22.94, 5.766; Χόλος, ἔρις, Il. 16.206, Od. 3.161; πόλεμος, ἔπος, ἔργα, Il. 4.82, 24.767, Od. 2.67, al.; ἦμαρ, ἄνεμος, Il. 9.251, Od. 5.109; of omens and the like, unlucky, ὄρνις, ὄναρ, σῆμα, Il. 24.219, 10.496, 22.30: also in Trag., κ. τύχη, δαίμων, μόρος, S. Tr. 328, A. Pers. 354, 369, etc.; of words, abusive, foul, κ. λόγοι S. Ant. 259, cf. Tr. 461; κ. ποιμήν, i.e. the storm, A. Ag. 657: Astrol., unlucky, τόποι Heph.Astr. 1.12; κ. τύχη, name for the sixth region, Paul.Al. M. 1. κακόν, τό, and κακά, τά, as Subst., evil, ill, δίδου δ’ ἀγαθόν τε κακόν τε Od. 8.63; ἀθάνατον κακόν 12.118; ἐκ μεγάλων κακῶν πεφευγέναι Hdt. 1.65; so κ. ἄμαχον, ἄπρηκτα, Pi. P. 2.76, I. 8(7).8; ἔκπαγλον, ἄφερτον, ἀμήχανον, etc., A. Ag. 862, 1102, E. Med. 447, etc.; κακὸν ἥκει τινί there’s trouble in store for some one, Ar. Ra. 552; δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν the least of two evils, S. OT 640, cf. OC 496; κακῶν Ἰλιάς, v. Ἰλιάς; κακόν τι ῥέξαι τινά to do harm or ill to any one, Il. 2.195, etc.; πολλὰ κάκ’ ἀνθρώποισιν ἐώργει Od. 14.289; κακὰ φέρειν, τεύχειν τινί, Il. 2.304, Hes. Op. 265; κακόν τι (or κακὰ) ποιεῖν τινα (v. δράω, ποιέω, ἐργάζομαι) ; κακὸν πάσχειν ὑπό τινος to suffer evil from one, Th. 8.48, etc.: in Trag. freq. repeated, κακὰ κακῶν, = τὰ κάκιστα, S. OC 1238 (lyr.); εἴ τι πρεσβύτερον ἔτι κακοῦ κακόν Id. OT 1365 (lyr.); δεινὰ πρὸς κακοῖς κακά Id. OC 595, cf. Ant. 1281; δόσιν κακὰν κακῶν κακοῖς A. Pers. 1041 (lyr.).
2. κακά, τά, evil words, reproaches, πολλά τε καὶ κακὰ λέγειν Hdt. 8.61, cf. A. Th. 571, S. Aj. 1244, Ph. 382, etc.
3. Philos., κακόν, τό, Evil, Stoic. 3.18, al., Plot. 1.8.1, al.
4. of a person, pest, nuisance, τουτὶ παρέξει τὸ κ. ἡμῖν πράγματα Ar. Av. 931; also, comically, ὅσον συνείλεκται κακὸν ὀρνέων what a devil of a lot of birds, ib. 294.
degrees of Comparison:
1 regul. Comp. in , κακώτερος Od. 6.275, 15.343, Theoc. 27.22, A.R. 3.421, etc.: also in late Prose, Alciphr. 3.62: irreg. κακίων, ον [with ῐ ], Od. 2.277, Thgn. 262, etc., with ῑ in Trag., exc. E. Fr. 546 (anap.); κακῑότερος [Rev 12:7] (Strato).
2. Sup. κάκιστος Hom., etc.--Cf. also Χείρων, Χείριστος, and ἥσσων, ἥκιστος.
1. Adv. κακῶς ill, ἢ εὖ ἦε κακῶς Il. 2.253, etc.; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινα to treat one ill; κακῶς ποιεῖν τι to hurt, damage a thing; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινά τι to do one any evil or harm; κ. πράσσειν to fare ill, A. Pr. 266, etc.; κάκιον ἢ πρότερον πράττειν And. 4.11; κ. ἔχειν Ar. Ra. 58, etc.; of illness, [Mat 4:24]; rarely κακῶς πάσχειν A. Pr. 759, 1041 (anap.); Χρῆν Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κ. Hdt. 1.8; κ. ὄλοισθε S. Ph. 1035, etc.; with play on two senses, ὡς κ. ἔχει ἅπας ἰατρός, ἂν κ. μηδεὶς ἔχῃ Philem.Jun. 2; κ. ἐρεῖν τινά, λέγειν τὴν πόλιν, Mimn. 7.4, Ar. Ach. 503; κ. εἰδότες, = ἀγνοοῦντες, X. Cyr. 2.3.13, Isoc. 8.32, cf. Hyp. Eux. 33; κακῶς ἐκπέφευγα I have barely escaped, D. 21.126: Comp. κάκιον Hdt. 1.109, S. OT 428, And.l.c., Pl. Mx. 236a, etc.: Sup. κάκιστα Ar. Ra. 1456, Pax 2, Pl. R. 420b, etc.
2. Adv. and Adj. freq. coupled in Trag., Att., etc., κακὸν κακῶς νιν.. ἐκτρῖψαι βίον S. OT 248; κακὸς κακῶς ταφήσῃ E. Tr. 446 (troch.); ἀπό σ’ ὀλῶ κακὸν κακῶς Ar. Pl. 65, cf. Eq. 189, 190, D. 32.6, Procop. Pers. 1.24; κακοὺς κακῶς ἀπολέσει αὐτούς [Mat 21:41]; κακοὺς κάκιστα S. Aj. 839; in reversed order, ὥσπερ ἀξία κακῶς κακὴ θανεῖται E. Tr. 1055; with intervening words, κακῶς.. ἀπόλλυσθαι κακούς S. Ph. 1369, cf. E. Cyc. 268, Ar. Eq. 2. (Perh. cogn. with Avest. kasu-, Comp. kasyah-, Sup. kasišta- ’small’, Lith. nukašëti ’grow feeble, thin’, Germ. hager.)
G2556 — κακός
κακῇ, κακόν, the Sept. for רָע (from Homer down), bad (A. V. (almost uniformly) evil);
1. universally, of a bad nature; not such as it ought to be.
2. (morally, i. e.) of a mode of thinking, feeling, acting; base, wrong, wicked: of persons, [Mat 21:41] (cf. Winers Grammar, 637 (592); also Buttmann, 143 (126)); ; [Phi 3:2]; [Rev 2:2]. διαλογισμοί;, [Mar 7:21]; ὁμιλίαι, [1Co 15:33]; ἐπιθυμία, [Col 3:5] ([Pro 12:12]); ἔργα (better ἔργον), [Rom 13:3]. neuter κακόν, τό κακόν, evil i. e. what is contrary to law, either divine or human, wrong, crime: ([Joh 18:23]); [Act 23:9]; [Rom 7:21]; [Rom 14:20]; [Rom 16:19]; [1Co 13:5]; [Heb 5:14]; [1Pe 3:10]; [3Jo 1:11]; plural (evil things): [Rom 1:30]; [1Co 10:6]; [1Ti 6:10] (πάντα τά κακά all kinds of evil); [Jam 1:13] (Winers Grammar, § 30, 4; Buttmann, § 132, 24); κακόν ποιεῖν, to do, commit evil: [Mat 27:23]; [Mar 15:14]; [Luk 23:22]; [2Co 13:7]; [1Pe 3:12]; τό κακόν, [Rom 13:4]; τά κακά, ; κακόν, τό κακόν πράσσειν, [Rom 7:19]; [Rom 9:11]. (Rec.); ; ([2Co 5:10] R G L Tr marginal reading); τό κακόν κατεργάζεσθαι, [Rom 2:9]. specifically of wrongs inflicted: [Rom 12:21]; κακόν ἐργάζομαι τίνι (to work ill to one), [Rom 13:10]; ἐνδείκνυμι, [2Ti 4:14]; ποιῶ, [Act 9:13]; ἀποδίδωμι κακόν ἀντί κακοῦ, [Rom 12:17]; [1Th 5:15]; [1Pe 3:9].
3. troublesome, injurious, pernicious, destructive, baneful: neuter κακόν, an evil, that which injures, [Jam 3:8] (Winers Grammar, § 59, 8 b.; Buttmann, 79 (69)); with the suggestion of wildness and ferocity, θηρία, [Tit 1:12]; substantially equivalent to bad, i. e. distressing, whether to mind or to body: ἕλκος κακόν καί πονηρόν (A. V. a noisome and grievous sore), [Rev 16:2]; κακόν πράσσω ἐμαυτῷ, Latinvim mihi infero, to do harm to oneself, [Act 16:28]; κακόν τί πάσχω, to suffer some harm, [Act 28:5]; τά κακά, evil things, the discomforts which plague one, [Luk 16:25] (opposed to τά ἀγαθά, the good things, from which pleasure is derived). (Synonym: cf. κακία.)
κακός , - ή , - όν ,
[in LXX chiefly for H7451;]
1. in general, opp . to ἀγαθός , καλός , in various senses, bad, mean, base, worthless ( cl .).
2. In ethical sense, base, evil, wicked: of persons, [Mat 21:41]; [Mat 24:48], [Php 3:2], [Rev 2:2]; διαλογισμοί , [Mar 7:21]; ὁμιλίαι , [1Co 15:33]; ἐπιθυμία ([Pro 12:12]), [Col 3:5]; ἔργον , [Rom 13:3]; neut., κακόν , τὸ κ ., evil: [Joh 18:23], [Act 23:9], [Rom 7:21]; [Rom 14:20]; [Rom 16:19], [1Co 13:5], [Heb 5:14], [1Pe 3:10-11], [3Jn 1:11]; pl ., [Rom 1:30], 1Co 10:6 , [1Ti 6:10], [Jas 1:13]; κ . ( τὸ , τὰ κ .) ποιεῖν ( πράσσειν ), [Mat 27:23], [Mar 15:14], [Luk 23:22], [Joh 18:30], [Rom 3:8]; [Rom 7:19]; [Rom 13:4], 2Co 13:7 , [1Pe 3:12]; κατεργάζεσθαι , [Rom 2:9]; of wrongs inflicted, [Act 9:13], [Rom 12:17]; [Rom 12:21]; [Rom 13:10], [1Th 5:15], 2Ti 4:14 , [1Pe 3:9].
3. pernicious, harmful, evil: [Luk 16:25], [Act 16:28]; [Act 28:5], [Tit 1:12], [Jas 3:8], [Rev 16:2] ( Cremer , 325, 741). †
SYN.: see ( ἄθεσμος G113).