πονηρός (
ponērós｜
pon-ay-ros'｜
adjective｜
evil)
[Grk]
πονηρός LN: 12.35,
12.38,
23.149,
57.108,
65.27,
88.110,
88.165,
88.314 GK: G4505 Hebrew: אֵיד,
בִּאוּשׁ,
דִּבָּה,
דַּל,
רָאָה,
רַב,
רַע,
רָעַע,
רָעַע,
רָשָׁע,
תֹּועֵבַה
Derivation: from a derivative of
πόνος;
Strong's: hurtful, i.e. evil (properly, in effect or influence, and thus differing from
κακός, which refers rather to essential character, as well as from
σαπρός, which indicates degeneracy from original virtue); figuratively, calamitous; also (passively) ill, i.e. diseased; but especially (morally) culpable, i.e. derelict, vicious, facinorous; neuter (singular) mischief, malice, or (plural) guilt; masculine (singular) the devil, or (plural) sinners
KJV: --bad, evil, grievous, harm, lewd, malicious, wicked(-ness). See also
πονηρότερος.
See: πόνοςSee: κακόςSee: σαπρόςSee: πονηρότερος πονηρός, ά, όν,
in physical sense, oppressed by toils, πονηρότατος καὶ ἄριστος, of Heracles, Hes. Frr. 138,139.
2. of things, toilsome, painful, grievous, ἔργα Hom. Epigr. 14.20; νούσων πονηρότερον Thgn. 274; φορτίον Ar. Pl. 352 .
II in bad case, in sorry plight, useless, good-for-nothing, σύμμαχοι ib. 220, cf. Nu. 102; στράτευμα X. An. 3.4.34; ἰατρός Antipho 4.2.4 (v.l. for μοχθηρός ) ; κύων, ἱππάριον, Pl. Euthd. 298d, X. Cyr. 1.4.19; δίαιτα, τροφή, σιτία, injurious, Pl. R. 425e, Lg. 735b, Grg. 464d, etc.; π. ἕξις σώματος Id. Ti. 86e; π. σῶμα, opp. χρηστόν, Id. Prt. 313a, cf. R. 341e; π. σκώμματα sorry jests, Ar. Nu. 542; π. βούλευμα Id. Lys. 517 ( Comp. ); π. πράγματα a bad state of things, Th. 8.97, cf. 24; π. ἀρχὴ τῆς παιδείας a bad beginning, Aeschin. 1.11; π. τὴν ϝαυτιλίαν ναυτίλλεσθαι Pl. R. 551c; π. πολιτεία Arist. Pol. 1294b38 . Adv., -ρῶς ἔχειν to be in bad case, Th. 7.83, etc.; ἂ πονηρῶς ἔχει τῶν πραγμάτων Lys. 14.35; π. διακεῖσθαι, διατεθῆναι, Isoc. 19.12, D. 59.55 .
III in moral sense, worthless, knavish, φήμη, βίος, ζόη, A. Ch. 1045, Frr. 90,401, etc.; οὐδεὶς ἑκὼν π. Epich. 78; π. ἦθος Democr. 192; πονηρὸς . . κἀκ πονηρῶν rogue and son of rogues, Ar. Eq. 336 - 7; ὦ πόνῳ πονηρέ in a comic jingle, Id. V. 466, cf. Lys. 350; π. πόρρω τέχνης past master in knavery, Id. V. 192; π. τοῖς φίλοις X. Cyr. 8.4.33; πρὸς ἀλλήλους Id. An. 7.1.39; π. λόγων ἀκρίβεια Antipho 3.3.3; πονηρότεροι σύμβουλοι Id. 5.71; π. [ῥῆμα ] malicious, Ev.[Mat 5:11]; τὰ π. wickednesses, X. Cyr. 2.2.25; πονηρὰ δρᾶσαι E. Hec. 1190; τὸ π. LXX De. 17.2; δόλῳ πονηρῷ, Lat. dolo malo, SIG 693.6 (Methymna, ii B.C. ); ὁ π. the evil one, Ev.[Mat 13:19]; π. δαίμων PLips. 34.8 (iv A.D.), etc.
2. base, cowardly, S. Ph. 437, etc.; π. χρώματα, i.e. the coward’s hue, X. Cyr. 5.2.34 (interpol.).
3. with a political connotation, of the baser sort, E. Supp. 424; οἱ λεγόμενοι π. Pl. R. 519a; opp. καλοὶ κἀγαθοί, Isoc. 15.100,316, cf. Ar. Eq. 186 . - On the variation of accent, πονηρός and πόνηρος, v. μοχθηρός fin.
G4190, G4191
πονηρός ponēros 78x
bad, unsound, [Mat 6:23]; [Mat 7:17-18];
evil, afflictive, [Eph 5:16]; [Eph 6:13]; [Rev 16:2];
evil, wrongful, malignant, malevolent, [Mat 5:11]; [Mat 5:39]; [Act 28:21];
evil, wicked, impious, and τὸ πονηρόν, evil, wrong, wickedness, [Mat 5:37]; [Mat 5:45]; [Mat 9:4];
slothful, inactive, [Mat 25:26]; [Luk 19:22];
ὁ πονηρός, the evil one, the devil, [Mat 13:19]; [Mat 13:38]; [Joh 17:15];
evil eye, i.q. φθονερός envious, [Mat 20:15]; [Mar 7:22]; impl. covetous, [Mat 7:11] bad; evil; wicked, wickedness.
G4190 — πονηρός
(on the accent cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 3 Göttling, Lehre v., Accent, p. 304f; (Chandler §§ 404, 405); Lipsius, Grammat. Untersuch., p. 26), πονηρά, πονηρόν; comparitive πονηρότερος ([Mat 12:45]; [Luk 11:26]); (πονέω, πόνος); from Hesiod (Homer (ep. 15, 20), Theog.) down; the Sept. often for רַע;
1. full of labors, annoyances, hardships;
a. pressed and harassed by labors; thus Hercules is called πονηροτατος καί ἄριστος, Hesiod fragment 43, 5.
b. bringing toils, annoyances, perils: (καιρός, Sir. 51:12); ἡμέρα πονηρά, of a time full of peril to Christian faith and steadfastness, [Eph 5:16]; [Eph 6:13] (so in the plural ἡμέραι πονηραί the Epistle of Barnabas 2, 1 [ET]); causing pain and trouble (A. V. grievous), ἕλκος, [Rev 16:2].
2. bad, of a bad nature or condition;
a. in a physical sense: ὀφθαλμός, diseased or blind, [Mat 6:23]; [Luk 11:34] (πονηρία ὀφθαλμῶν, Plato, Hipp., min., p. 374 d.; the Greeks use πονηρῶς ἔχειν or διακεῖσθαι of the sick; ἐκ γενετῆς πονηρούς ὑγιεῖς πεποιηκέναι, Justin Martyr, Apology 1, 22 ((cf. Otto's note); others take πονηρός in Matthew and Luke as above ethically; cf.
b. and Meyer on Matt.)); καρπός, [Mat 7:17]f.
b. in an ethical sense, evil, wicked, bad, etc. ("this use of the word is due to its association with the working (largely the servile) class; not that contempt for labor is thereby expressed, for such words as ἐργάτης, δραστηρ, and the like, do not take on this evil sense, which connected itself only with a word expressive of unintermitted toil and carrying no suggestion of results" (cf. Schmidt, chapter 85, § 1); see κακία, at the end); of persons: [Mat 7:11]; [Mat 12:34]; [Mat 18:32]; [Mat 25:26]; [Luk 6:45]; [Luk 11:13]; [Luk 19:22]; [Act 17:5]; [2Th 3:2]; [2Ti 3:13]; γενεά πονηρά, [Mat 12:39], [Mat 12:45]; [Mat 16:4]; [Luk 11:29]; πνεῦμα πονηρόν, an evil spirit (see πνεῦμα, 3 c.), [Mat 12:45]; [Luk 7:21]; [Luk 8:2]; [Luk 11:26]; [Act 19:12]f, 15f; substantively οἱ πονηροί, the wicked, bad men, opposed to οἱ δίκαιοι, [Mat 13:49]; πονηροί καί ἀγαθοί, [Mat 5:45]; [Mat 22:10]; ἀχάριστοι καί πονηροί, [Luk 6:35]; τόν πονηρόν, the wicked man, i. e. the evil-doer spoken of, [1Co 5:13]; τῷ πονηρῷ, the evil man, who injures you, [Mat 5:39]. ὁ πονηρός is used pre-eminently of the devil, the evil one: [Mat 5:37]; [Mat 6:13]; [Mat 13:19], [Mat 13:38]; [Luk 11:4] R L; [Joh 17:15]; [1Jo 2:13]; [1Jo 3:12]; [1Jo 5:18]f (on which see κεῖμαι, 2{c}); [Eph 6:16]. of things: αἰών, [Gal 1:4]; ὄνομα (which see 1, p. 447a bottom), [Luk 6:22]; ῤᾳδιούργημα, [Act 18:14]; the heart as a storehouse out of which a man brings forth πονηρά words is called θησαυρός πονηρός, [Mat 12:35]; [Luk 6:45]; συνείδησις πονηρά, a soul conscious of wickedness (conscious wickedness; see συνείδησις, b. sub at the end), [Heb 10:22]; καρδία πονηρά ἀπιστίας, an evil heart such as is revealed in distrusting (cf. Buttmann, § 132, 24; Winer's Grammar, § 30, 4), [Heb 3:12]; ὀφθαλμός (which see), [Mat 20:15]; [Mar 7:22]; διαλογισμοί, [Mat 15:19]; [Jam 2:4]; ὑπόνοιαι, [1Ti 6:4]; καύχησις; [Jam 4:16]; ῤῆμα, a reproach, [Mat 5:11] (R G; others omit ῤῆμα); λόγοι, [3Jo 1:10]; ἔργα, [Joh 3:19]; [Joh 7:7]; [1Jo 3:12]; [2Jo 1:11]; [Col 1:21]; ἔργον (according to the context) wrong committed against me, [2Ti 4:18]; αἰτία, charge of crime, [Act 25:18] L T Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading The neuter πονηρόν, and τό πονηρόν, substantively, evil, that which is wicked: εἶδος πονηροῦ (see εἶδος, 2; (others take πονηροῦ here as an adjective, and bring the example under εἶδος, 1 (R. V. marginal reading appearance of evil))), [1Th 5:22]; [2Th 3:3] (where τοῦ πονηροῦ is held by many to be the genitive of the masculine ὁ πονηρός, but cf. Lünemann ad loc.); (τί πονηρόν, [Act 28:21]); opposed to τό ἀγαθόν, [Luk 6:45]; [Rom 12:9]; plural (Winer's Grammar, § 34, 2), [Mat 9:4]; [Luk 3:19]; wicked deeds, [Act 25:18] Tr text WH text; ταῦτα τά πονηρά, these evil things i. e. the vices just enumerated, [Mar 7:23].
πονηρός , - ά , - όν
( < πονέω , to toil),
[in LXX chiefly for H7451;]
1. (a) of persons, oppressed by toils ( Hes .);
(b) of things, toilsome, painful ( καιρός , Sir 51:12 ): [Eph 5:16]; [Eph 6:13] [Rev 16:2].
2. bad, worthless;
(a) in physical sense: καρπός , [Mat 7:17-18];
(b) in ethical sense, bad, evil, wicked;
( α ) of persons: [Mat 7:11]; [Mat 12:34-35]; [Mat 18:32]; [Mat 25:26], [Luk 6:45]; [Luk 11:13]; [Luk 19:22], [Act 17:5], 2Th 3:2 , [2Ti 3:13]; γενεά , [Mat 12:39]; [Mat 12:45]; [Mat 16:4], [Luk 11:29]; πνεῦμια , [Mat 12:45], [Luk 7:21]; [Luk 8:2]; [Luk 11:26], [Act 19:12-13]; [Act 19:15-16]; as subst ., οἱ Papyri, opp . to δίκαιοι , [Mat 13:49]; to ἀγαθοί , [Mat 5:45]; [Mat 22:10]; οἱ ἀχάριστοι καὶ Papyri, [Luk 6:35]; sing., ὁ Papyri, [Mat 5:39], [1Co 5:13]; id . esp . of Satan, the evil one, [Mat 5:37]; [Mat 6:13] ( v. Lft., Notes , 125 ff .; but cf. McN, in l ) [Mat 13:19]; [Mat 13:38], [Luk 11:4] ( WH , R , om .), [Joh 17:15], [Eph 6:16], [2Th 3:3] ( Lft., Notes , l.c .), 1Jn 2:13-14 ; [1Jn 3:12]; [1Jn 5:18-19];
( β ) of thing;: [Mat 5:11]; [Mat 12:35]; [Mat 15:19], [Luk 6:22]; [Luk 6:45], [Joh 3:19]; [Joh 7:7], [Act 18:14]; [Act 25:18], [Gal 1:4], [Col 1:21], 1Ti 6:4 , [2Ti 4:18], [Heb 3:12]; [Heb 10:22], [Jas 2:4]; [Jas 4:16], [1Jn 3:12], [2Jn 1:11], [3Jn 1:10]; ὀφθαλμός ( q.v. ), [Mat 6:23]; [Mat 20:15], [Mar 7:22], [Luk 11:34]; as subst ., neut., τὸ Papyri, Act 28:21 , [1Th 5:22]; opp . to ἀγαθόν , [Luk 6:45], [Rom 12:9]; pl ., [Mat 9:4], [Mar 7:23], [Luk 3:19]. †
SYN.: see ἄθεσμος G113.
πονηρός原文音譯：ponhrÒj 坡尼羅士
詞類次數：形容詞（76）
原文字根：痛苦-湧出的 相當於：H7451（רַע）
字義溯源：有害的，惡毒的，痛苦的，嚴重的，難受的，作惡的，惡的，惡者，惡人，惡，惡事，惡處，歹人，可惡的，兇惡的，邪惡的，更惡的，有污，昏花，敗壞的，壞，壞話，毒，妄，紅（眼）；源自（G4192（πόνος）=勞苦），G4192（πόνος）出自（G3993（πένης）=貧窮），而G3993（πένης）又出自（G4005（πεντηκοστή）X*=辛勞）。這字用來描世人的邪惡，敗壞；世人對主耶穌也是十分兇惡。主耶穌所說的那惡者，就是指撒但說的（[太5:37]; [13:19]）。這世代也稱為邪惡的世代（[路11:29]）。惡人要等候神的審判（[太13:49]）。參讀G824（ἄτοπος）同義字
出現次數：總共（77）；太（24）；可（2）；路（14）；約（3）；徒（8）；羅（1）；林前（1）；加（1）；弗（3）；西（1）；帖前（1）；帖後（2）；提前（1）；提後（2）；來（2）；雅（2）；約壹（6）；約貳（1）；約叄（1）；啓（1）
譯字彙編：
1）惡（20）[太9:4]；[太12:35]；[太12:35]；[太12:35]；[太15:19]；[太18:32]；[太22:10]；[可7:22]；[可7:23]；[路6:45]；[路6:45]；[路8:2]；[徒17:5]；[徒19:12]；[徒19:13]；[徒19:15]；[徒19:16]；[來3:12]；[雅2:4]；[約叄1:10]；
2）惡者（10）[太5:37]；[太13:19]；[約17:15]；[弗6:16]；[帖後3:3]；[約壹2:13]；[約壹2:14]；[約壹3:12]；[約壹5:18]；[約壹5:19]；
3）惡的（7）[太12:34]；[太25:26]；[約3:19]；[約7:7]；[羅12:9]；[雅4:16]；[約壹3:12]；
4）邪惡的（6）[路11:29]；[加1:4]；[弗5:16]；[帖後3:2]；[來10:22]；[約貳1:11]；
5）惡人（4）[太5:39]；[太13:49]；[路6:45]；[林前5:13]；
6）惡事（3）[路3:19]；[徒25:18]；[帖前5:22]；
7）邪惡（3）[太12:39]；[太16:4]；[西1:21]；
8）兇惡（3）[太6:13]；[路11:4]；[弗6:13]；
9）作惡的（2）[路6:35]；[提後3:13]；
10）昏花（2）[太6:23]；[路11:34]；
11）不好（2）[太7:11]；[路11:13]；
12）壞（2）[太7:17]；[太7:18]；
13）可惡的（1）[路19:22]；
14）惡的事（1）[徒18:14]；
15）妄（1）[提前6:4]；
16）毒的（1）[啓16:2]；
17）兇惡的（1）[提後4:18]；
18）惡處（1）[徒28:21]；
19）紅（1）[太20:15]；
20）惡者之（1）[太13:38]；
21）歹人（1）[太5:45]；
22）壞話（1）[太5:11]；
23）是惡（1）[路6:22]；
24）有污（1）[路7:21]；
25）更惡的（1）[路11:26]