ἄρχω, inf. ἀρχέμεναι Il. 20.154: impf. ἦρχον ib. 2.378, etc.; Dor. ἆρχον Pi. O. 10(11).51: fut. ἄρξω Od. 4.667, A. Pr. 940, Th. 1.144: aor. ἦρξα, ἄρξα Od. 14.230, etc.: pf. ἦρχα CIG 3487.14 (Thyatira), Decr. ap. Plu. 2.851f: - Med., Od. 8.90, etc.; non-thematic part. ἄρχμενος Call. Aet. 3.1.56, al.: impf., Il. 9.93, Hdt. 5.28: fut. ἄρξομαι (in med. sense, v. infr.) Il. 9.97, E. IA 442, X. Cyr. 8.8.2; Dor. ἀρξεῦμαι Theoc. 7.95: aor. ἠρξάμην Od. 23.310, etc.: - Pass., pf. ἦργμαι only in med. sense, v. infr. 1.2: aor. ἤρχθην, ἀρχθῆναι Th. 6.18, Arist. Pol. 1277b13, v. infr. 11.4: - to be first,
I in Time, begin, make a beginning, Act. and Med. (in Hom. the Act. is more freq., in Att. Prose the Med., esp. where personal action is emphasized), πολέμου ἄρχειν to be the aggressor, Th. 1.53; π. ἄρχεσθαι to begin one’s operations, X. HG 6.3.6; ἄρχειν τοῦ λόγου to open a conversation, Id. An. 1.6.6; ἄρχεσθαι τοῦ λόγου to begin one’s speech, ib. 3.2.7. Constr.:
1 mostly c. gen., make a beginning of, ἄρχειν πολέμοιο Il. 4.335; μύθων Od. 3.68; τῶν ἀδικημάτων πρῶτον τοῦτο ἄρξαι Hdt. 1.2; ἦρξεν ἐμβολῆς A. Pers. 409; τοῦ κακοῦ ib. 353; ἄρχειν χειρῶν ἀδίκων, ἄρχειν τῆς πληγῆς, strike the first blow, Antipho 4.2.1 and 2: - in Med. in religious sense, = ἀπάρχεσθαι, ἀρχόμενος μελέων beginning with the limbs, Od. 14.428, cf. E. Ion 651; but Act., σπονδαῖσιν ἄρξαι Pi. I. 6(5).37.
2. c. gen., begin from or with.., ἐν σοὶ μὲν λήξω σέο δ’ ἄρξομαι Il. 9.97; ἄρχεσθαι Διός Pi. N. 5.25; πόθεν ἄρξωμαι; A. Ch. 855; πόθεν ποτὲ ἦρκται Hp. VM 5; ἄρχεσθαι, ἦρχθαι ἔκ τινος, Od. 23.199, Hp. Off. 11; ἀπό τινος freq. in Prose, ἀρξάμενοι αὐτίκα ἀπὸ παιδίων even from boyhood, Hdt. 3.12; but more commonly ἐκ παίδων, ἐκ παιδός, etc., Pl. R. 408d, Thg. 128d: - ἀπό in non-temporal relations, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ σοῦ. i.e. including yourself, Pl. Grg. 471c, cf. D. 18.297; ἀπὸ τῶν πατέρων X. Mem. 3.5.15; μέχρι τῶν δώδεκα ἀπὸ μιᾶς ἀρξάμενος Pl. Lg. 771c; ἀφ’ ἱερῶν ἠργμένη ἀρχή ib. 771a; ἀφ’ Ἑστίας ἀρχόμενος Ar. V. 846.
3. c. gen. rei et dat. pers., ἄρχε θεοῖς δαιτός begin a banquet to the gods, Il. 15.95; τοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε 2.433, etc.; τῇσι δὲ.. ἄρχετο μολπῆς Od. 6.101; ἦρξε τῇ πόλει ἀνομίας τὸ νόσημα Th. 2.53, cf. 12; τὴν ἡμέραν ἄρχειν ἐλευθερίας τῇ Ἑλλάδι X. HG 2.2.23; ἡμὶν οὐ σμικρῶν κακῶν ἦρξεν τὸ δῶρον S. Tr. 871.
4. c. acc., ἄρχειν ὁδόν τινι, show him the way, Od. 8.107 (but also ἄρχειν ὁδοῖο lead the way, 5.237): abs. (sc. ὁδόν), ἄρχε δ’ Ἀθήνη 3.12; σὺ μὲν ἄρχε Il. 9.69; ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄρχε λέχοσδε κιών 3.447; ἦρχε δ’ ἄρα σφιν Ἄρης 5.592, cf. infr. 11.2: with other accusatives, ἄρχειν ὕμνον Pi. N. 3.10; ἅπερ ἦρξεν A. Ag. 1529 (lyr.); λυπηρόν τι S. El. 552; ὕβριν Id. Fr. 368.
5. of actions, σέο δ’ ἕξεται ὅττι κεν ἄρχῃ Il. 9.102: freq. c. inf., τοῖσιν δ’ ἦρχ’ ἀγορεύειν among them, Il. 1.571, etc.; ἦρχε νέεσθαι, ἦρχ’ ἴμεν, 2.84, 13.329; ἄρχετε νῦν νέκυας φορέειν Od. 22.437, etc.; ὑφαίνειν ἤρχετο μῆτιν Il. 7.324; ἤρξαντο οἰκοδομεῖν Th. 1.107; ἡ νόσος ἤρξατο γενέσθαι Id. 2.47: c. part., of continued action or condition, ἦρχον χαλεπαίνων Il. 2.378; ἢν ἄρξῃ ἀδικέων Hdt. 4.119; ἡ ψυχὴ ἄρχεται ἀπολείπουσα X. Cyr. 8.7.26; πόθεν ἂν ὀρθῶς ἀρξαίμεθα ἐπαινοῦντες; Pl. Mx. 237a, cf. Tht. 187a (but ἄ. ἐπαινεῖν Id. Phdr. 241e); ἄρξομαι διδάσκων X. Cyr. 8.8.2 (but ἤρξω μανθάνειν Id. Mem. 3.5.22).
6. abs., ἄρχε take the lead! Il. 9.69: generally, begin, ἄρχειν [τὴν ἐκεχειρίαν] τήνδε τὴν ἡμέραν Indut. ap. Th. 4.118, cf. Lex ap. D. 24.42; τὸ ἄρχον, opp. τὸ ἑπόμενον, Dam. Pr. 234: part. ἀρχόμενος at first, X. Eq. 9.3, Cyn. 3.8, Isoc. 2.54; at the beginning, ἀρχομένου δὲ πίθου καὶ λήγοντος Hes. Op. 368, cf. Fr. 192.4; ἀρχομένοισιν ἢ καταπαυομένοισι Ar. Eq. 1246; ἄρχεται ὁ πόλεμος ἐνθένδε Th. 2.1; ἅμα ἦρι ἀρχομένῳ ibid.; θέρους εὐθὺς ἀρχομένου ib. 47.
7. Gramm., of a word, ἄ. ἀπὸ φωνήεντος D.T. 633.27; ἡ ἄρχουσα (sc. συλλαβή) A.D. Synt. 130.13.
II in point of Place or Station, rule, govern, command,
1 mostly c. gen., rule, be leader of.., Βοιωτῶν Il. 2.494, cf. Hdt. 5.1, etc.
2. less freq. c. dat., ἀνδράσιν ἦρξα Od. 14.230, cf. 471, Il. 2.805, Pi. P. 3.4, A. Pr. 940, E. Andr. 666, IA 337, IG 7.2830 (Hyettus), etc.; also ἐν δ’ ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ’ held command among them, Il. 13.690, cf. Pl. Phdr. 238a: c. inf. added, ἄρχε Μυρμιδόνεσσι μάχεσθαι led them on to fight, Il. 16.65.
3. abs., rule, ὅσον τό τ’ ἄρχειν καὶ τὸ δουλεύειν δίχα A. Pr. 927, cf. Pers. 774; esp. hold a magistracy, ὁκοῖόν τε εἴη ἄρχειν μετὰ τὸ βασιλεύειν Hdt. 6.67; at Athens, etc., to be archon, D. 21.178; ἀρχάς, ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, Hdt. 3.80, Th. 6.54; ἄρχειν τὴν ἐπώνυμον (with or without ἀρχήν) IG 3.659, 693, SIG 872.7.
4. Pass., with fut. ἄρξομαι Hdt. 7.159, Pi. O. 8.45, A. Pers. 589, Lys. 28.7; but ἀρχθήσομαι Arist. Pol. 1259b40, D.C. 65.10: - to be ruled, governed, etc., ὑπό τινος Hdt. 1.127; ἔκ τινος S. El. 264, Ant. 63; ὑπό τινι Hdt. 1.91, 103; σφόδρα ὑπό τινος Lys. 12.92; ἄρχε πρῶτον μαθὼν ἄρχεσθαι Sol. ap. D.L. 1.60, cf. Pl. Prt. 326d; δύνασθαι καὶ ἄρχεσθαι καὶ ἄρχειν Arist. Pol. 1277b14; οἱ ἀρχόμενοι subjects, X. An. 2 6.19, etc.
G757 — αρχι(
(from ἄρχω, ἀρχός), an inseparable prefix, usually to names of office or dignity, to designate the one who is placed over the rest that hold the office (German Ober-,Erz- (English arch- (chief-, high))), as ἀρχάγγελος, ἀρχιποίμην (which see), ἀρχιερεύς, ἀρχιατρος, ἀρχιευνοῦχος, ἀρχυπερετης (in Egyptian inscriptions), etc., most of which belong to Alexandrian and Byzantine Greek. Cf. Thiersch, De Pentateuehi versione Alex., p. 77f.
G757 — ἄρχω
; (from Homer down);
to be first.
1. to be the first to do (anything), to begin — a sense not found in the Greek Bible.
2. to be chief, leader, ruler: τίνος (Buttmann, 169 (147)), [Mar 10:42]; [Rom 15:12] (from [Isa 11:10]). See ἄρχων. Middle, present ἄρχομαι; future ἄρξομαι (once (twice), [Luk 13:26] (but not Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading; )); 1 aorist ἠρξάμην; to begin, make a beginning: ἀπό τίνος, [Act 10:37] (Buttmann, 79 (69); cf. Matth. § 558); [1Pe 4:17]; by brachylogy ἀρξάμενος ἀπό τίνος ἕως τίνος for, having begun from some person or thing (and continued or continuing) to some person or thing: [Mat 20:8]; [Joh 8:9] (i. e. Rec.); [Act 1:22]; cf. Winers Grammar, § 66, the passage cited; (Buttmann, 374 (320)); ἀρξάμενον is used impersonally and absolutely, a beginning being made, [Luk 24:27] (so in Herodotus 3, 91; cf. Winers Grammar, 624 (580); (Buttmann, 374f (321))); carelessly, ἀρξάμενος ἀπό Μωϋσέως καί ἀπό πάντων προφητῶν διηρμήνευεν for, beginning from Moses be went through all the prophets, [Luk 24:27]; Winers Grammar, § 67, 2; (Buttmann, 374 (320f)). ὧν ἤρξατο ποιεῖν τέ καί διδάσκειν, ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας which he began and contnued both to do and to teach, until etc., [Act 1:1] (Winers Grammar, § 66, 1 c.; Buttmann, as above). ἄρχομαι is connected with an infinitive and that so often, especially in the historical books, that formerly most interpreters thought it constituted a periphrasis for the finite form of the verb standing in the infinitive, as ἤρξατο κηρύσσειν for ἐκήρυξε. But through the influence principally of Fritzsche (on Matthew, p. 539f), cf. Winers Grammar, § 65 7 d., it is now conceded that the theory of a periphrasis of this kind was a rash assumption, and that there is scarcely an example which cannot be reduced to one of the following classes:
a. the idea of beginning has more or less weight or importance, so that it is brought out by a separate word: [Mat 11:7] (the disciples of John having retired, Christ began to speak concerning John, which he did not do while they were present); [Luk 3:8] (do not even begin to say; make not even an attempt to excuse yourselves); [Luk 15:14] (the beginning of want followed hard upon the squandering of his goods); [Luk 21:28]; [2Co 3:1]; especially when the beginning of an action is contrasted with its continuance or its repetition, [Mar 6:7]; [Mar 8:31] (cf. [Mar 9:31]; [Mar 10:33]f); or with the end of it, [Luk 14:30] (opposed to ἐκτελέσαι); [Joh 13:5] (cf. 12).
b. ἄρχειν denotes something as begun by someone, others following: [Act 27:35]f (Winers Grammar, § 65, 7 d.).
c. ἄρχειν indicates that a thing was but just begun when it was interrupted by something else: [Mat 12:1] (they had begun to pluck ears of grain, but they were prevented from continuing by the interference of the Pharisees); [Mat 26:22] (Jesus answered before all had finished), [Mat 26:74]; [Mar 2:23]; [Mar 4:1] (he had scarcely begun to teach, when a multitude gathered unto him); [Mar 6:2]; [Mar 10:41]; [Luk 5:21]; [Luk 12:45]; [Luk 13:25]; [Act 11:15] (cf. [Act 10:44]); , and often.
d. the action itself, instead of its beginning, might indeed have been mentioned; but in order that the more attention may be given to occurrences which seem to the writer to be of special importance, their initial stage, their beginning, is expressly pointed out: [Mar 14:65]; [Luk 14:18]; [Act 2:4], etc.
e. ἄρχω occurs in a sentence which has grown out of the blending of two statements: [Mat 4:17]; [Mat 16:21] (from ἀπό τότε ἐκήρυξε... ἔδειξέ, and τότε ἤρξατο κηρύσσειν... δεικνύειν). The infinitive is lacking when discoverable from the context: ἀρχόμενος, namely, to discharge the Messianic office, [Luk 3:23] (Winer's Grammar, 349 (328)); ἀρξάμενος namely, λέγειν, [Act 11:4]. (Compare: ἐνάρχω (ἐνάρχομαι), προενάρχομαι, ὑπάρχω, προϋπάρχω.