H8199. shaphat
שָׁפַט185 verb judge, govern (Late Hebrew in derivatives; Phoenician שפט = שֹׁפֵט, also in proper name; Punic sufet Lzb381; Biblical Aramaic שָֽׁפְטִין; Assyrian šapâtu (t = ת), synonym dânu (דִּין), judge DlWB 684, šip‰u (ט), probably judgment [and šapi‰u, caption?] JenZA iv (1889), 278 f.; on possible connection with Arabic see NöZMG xi (1886), 724; on usage of verb See FergusonJBL viii (1888), 130 ff.); —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׁ [Judg 16:31] +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׁמֹּט [Gen 16:5], יִשְׁמּוֺט [Isa 11:3]; [3]masculine plural יִשְׁמְּטוּ [Gen 31:53] +, יִשְׁמּ֫וּטוּ [Exod 18:26] (Ki יִשְׁמּוּט֫וּ; compare Ges§ 47g), etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁפוֺט [Gen 19:9]; construct שְׁפֹט [Ruth 1:1], לַשְׁמֹּט [Exod 8:13] +, etc.; Imperative שְׁפָטֿ [Prov 31:9], שָׁפְטָה [Psa 82:8]; [Lam 3:59], שִׁפְטוּ [Isa 1:17] +, שְׁפֹ֑טוּ [Zech 7:9], etc.; Participle שֹׁפֵט [1Sam 3:13] +, etc.; —
1 act as law-giver, judge, governor (giving law, deciding controversies and executing law, civil, religious, political, social; both early and late):
a. of God only, הארץ כל שֹׁפֵט [Gen 18:25] (J), || מֶלֶךְ,מְחֹקֵק [Isa 33:22].
b. of man, [Gen 19:9] (twice in verse) (J), Moses deciding cases [Exod 18:13] (E), making known statutes [18:16] (E); so his assistants [18:22]; [18:22]; [18:26]; [18:26] (E), || [Deut 1:16]; of ישׂראל שׁפטי [Num 25:5] (executioners); ׳י set שֹׁפְטִים over Israel [Judg 2:16], [18]; [2Sam 7:11] = [1Chr 17:10], to deliver Israel, ישׂדאל שׁפט [Judg 3:10]; [4:4]; [10:2], 39t. Judges; [1Sam 4:18]; [7:15-16], [17]; [2Kin 23:22], compare [1Sam 7:6]; Participle שֹׁפֵט as substantive also [Judg 2:17-18], [19]; [1Sam 8:1-2], [2Kin 23:22]; יִשׂ ׳שֹׁפְטֵי [1Chr 17:6] (|| [2Sam 7:7] שִׂבְטֵי), הַשֹּׁפְטִים שְׁפֹט בִּימֵי [Ruth 1:1] (twice in verse) (compare מוֺשִׁיעִים Obadiah 21); שׁפט, || מֶלֶךְ [1Sam 8:5-6], [20]; [Hosea 7:7]; [13:10]; ישׂראל שֹׁפֵט Micah 4:14 (= king); king judges people [1Kin 3:9] (twice in verse) = [2Chr 1:10]; [1Kin 15:5] [2Chr 26:21]; [1:11]; absolute [1Kin 7:7]; [Isa 16:5]; || שׂרים [Exod 2:14] (E) [Amos 2:3]; [Zeph 3:3]; || יוֺעַץ [Isa 1:26]; [Job 12:17], compare [Isa 3:2]; אָרֶץ שֹׁפְטֵי [40:23] (|| רוֺזְנִים), [Prov 8:16] (|| שׂרים), [Psa 2:10]; [148:11] (|| מלכים); שׁפטונו אשׁר שׁפטינו [Dan 9:12] (twice in verse).
2 specifically decide controversy, discriminate between Persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions:
a. of God [Psa 82:1]: ׳שׁ בֵּיןוּ֗֗֗בֵין [Gen 16:5] (J; domestic), [Judg 11:27] (twice in verse); [1Sam 24:13]; [24:16] (all of war), [Ezek 34:20] (relig.); with בֵּיןלְ֗֗֗ [34:17], [22] (religious); with בֵּנֵינוּ [Gen 31:53] (E; domestic), [Isa 2:4] = [Micah 4:3] (of war); with בְּ[2Chr 20:12] (war); with accusative [1Kin 8:32] [2Chr 6:23]; [Eccl 3:17], condemning wicked and justifying righteous [Job 21:22] (|| ידע), [23:7]; absolute [Exod 5:21] (J) [Job 22:13]; ׳שׁ צֶדֶק [Jer 11:20]; [Psa 9:5]; ׳י is צַדִּיק שׁוֺפֵט [7:12].
b. of man, ׳שׁ בֵּיןוּ֗֗֗בֵין [Exod 18:16] (E) [Num 35:24] (P) [Deut 1:16] (all civil), [Isa 5:3] (relig.); with accusative [Lev 19:15] (H) [Deut 25:1] (all civil), [Ezek 20:4] (twice in verse); [22:2] (twice in verse); [23:36]; ׳שׁ מִשְׁמָּט [Deut 16:18]; [1Kin 3:28] (Solomon); במשׁפטים [Ezek 44:24], with ל[2Chr 19:6]; absolute [Ezek 44:24]; [Isa 11:3] (king); influenced by bribes [Micah 3:11]; [7:3]; [Job 9:24]; Absalom desires to decide cases as שֹׁפֵט [2Sam 15:4] (implying lack of such in his time); according to [2Chr 19:5]. 6 Jehoshaphat set up שׁפטים, apparently for the first as judges in this specific sense; code of Deuteronomy recognizes them: הַשֹּׁפֵט declares הַמִּשְׁמָּט דְּבַר [Deut 17:9], [12]; [25:2]; שׁפטים + שֹׁטְרִים [16:18]; [1Chr 23:4]; [26:29]; [Josh 8:33] (+ זְקֵנִים), [23:2]; [24:1] (D; both + רָאשִׁים זקנים,), + זקנים only [Deut 21:2]; [Ezra 10:14], + כֹּהֲנִים [Deut 19:17-18], שׂרים[2Chr 1:2].
3 execute judgment:
a. discriminating, of man only, אמת משׁפט [Zech 7:9], שׁ ׳מֵישָׁרִים [Psa 58:2] judge uprightly; שׁלום משׁפט [Zech 8:16], צֶדֶק [Prov 31:9], עָוֶל [Psa 82:2].
b. vindicating, with accusative: (I) subject God, יתום [Psa 10:18], accusative of person [26:1]; [43:1]; Psalm 58:12 (read שֹׁפְטָם for שׁפטים), ׳שׁ משׁפט [Lam 3:59]; מִיַּד vindicate by delivering from hand of [1Sam 24:16]; [2Sam 18:19], [31]; ׳י צִדְקִי כְּ שָׁפְטֵנִי [Psa 7:9]; צִדְקְךָ כְּ שָׁפְטֵנִי [35:24]. (2) subject man, with accusative יתום [Isa 1:17], [23]; דל(יםׅ [11:4]; [Prov 29:14]; [Psa 82:3]; עם עניי [72:4]; אביונים משׁפט [Jer 5:28].
c. condemning and punishing, (I) God פ ׳כְּדַרְכֵי according to ways of [Ezek 7:3], [8]; [18:30]; [24:14]; [33:20]; [36:19]; במשׁפטים [7:27]; [23:24]; נאפות משׁפטי [16:38] (= [23:45] of human judges); with accusative [1Sam 3:13]; [Psa 51:5]; [Ezek 11:10-11], Ezekiel 21:35; [35:11]. (2) of man, only נַפְשׁוֺ שֹׁפְטֵי [Psa 109:31] and [Ezek 23:45] above, probably also [Psa 141:6] (corrupt).
d. at theophanic advent for final judgment: God is שֹׁפֵט [Psa 50:6]; [75:8]; הארץ שׁפט [94:2], with accusative הארץ לשׁפט בא [96:13] = [1Chr 16:33]; [Psa 98:9]; ׳שׁ הארץ [82:8]; הנוים כל Joel 4:12; עמים [67:5]; תבל [9:9]; [96:13] = [98:9]; ׳שׁ מישׁרים [75:3].
Niph`al Perfect1singular נִשְׁמַּטְתִּי [Ezek 20:36] [4]t.; Imperfect1singular אִשָּׁפֵט [20:36]; אִשָּֽׁפְטָה [1Sam 12:7], etc.; Infinitive construct חִשָּׁפֵט[2Chr 22:8]; suffix הִשָּֽׁפְטוֺ [Psa 37:33]; [109:7]; Participle נִשְׁמָּט [Isa 59:4] [4]t.; —
1 reciprocal, (Ges§ 51d), enter into controversy, plead: with אֵת with, of God [Jer 2:35]; [Ezek 17:20]; [20:35-36], (twice in verse); [38:22]; of man [1Sam 12:7] (+ ᵐ5 לָכֶם וְאַגִּידָה We Dr BuHpt Now), [Prov 29:9]; with עִם, of God Joel 4:2, of man [2Chr 22:8]; with ל, of God [Jer 25:31]; ׳נשׁ יחד [Isa 43:26] have controversy together; באשׁ by fire (of God) [66:16]; באמונה [59:4].
2 passive be judged, [Psa 9:20]; [37:33]; [109:7].
Pô`el Participle suffix מְשֹׁפְטִי (dubious; Hi Bu מִשְׁמָּטִי), = my apponent-at-law (Ges§ 55b) [Job 9:15]; + Zf [3:15]; [Psa 109:31] We and others
[שְׁפַט] verb judge (Biblical Hebrew שָׁפַט); — Participle as plural noun absolute שָֽׁפְמִין [Ezra 7:25] judges.
שַׁמִּיר see שׁפר. below
שָׁפַט
原文音譯:jp;v' shaw-fat’
詞類次數:動詞(204)
原文字根:審判;相當於G1252(διακρίνω) G2917(κρίμα) G2919(κρίνω) G2923(κριτής)
字義溯源:審判*,施行審判,審問,宣判,刑罰,管轄,訴訟,報仇,責備,講論,懲罰,爭論,防護,執行,判決,判斷,需要,辯護,理由,裁定,士師,作士師,治理,伸冤
出現次數:總共(202);創(5);出(8);利(1);民(2);申(11);書(3);士(21);得(2);撒上(15);撒下(4);王上(5);王下(3);代上(5);代下(10);拉(1);伯(5);詩(32);箴(4);傳(1);賽(15);耶(4);哀(1);結(29);但(2);何(2);珥(2);摩(1);俄(1);彌(4);番(1);亞(2)
譯字彙編:
1)審判(18)[利19:15];[撒上3:13];[撒上7:16];[撒上7:17];[代上16:33];[伯22:13];[詩9:4];[詩9:8];[詩67:4];[詩82:8];[詩96:13];[詩96:13];[詩98:9];[詩98:9];[結34:17];[珥3:12];[俄1:21];[彌5:1];
2)判斷(14)[出18:13];[民35:24];[王上3:9];[王上3:9];[王上8:32];[王下15:5];[代下1:11];[代下6:23];[代下26:21];[箴29:14];[箴31:9];[耶11:20];[結44:24];[結44:24];
3)審判官(12)[民25:5];[申1:16];[申16:18];[申17:12];[書24:1];[代下1:2];[代下19:5];[伯9:24];[詩148:11];[箴8:16];[賽3:2];[何7:7];
4)作⋯士師(10)[士10:3];[士12:7];[士12:8];[士12:11];[士12:11];[士12:13];[士15:20];[士16:31];[撒上7:15];[撒上8:1];
5)施行審判(8)[出5:21];[士11:27];[詩58:11];[詩75:2];[詩82:1];[賽16:5];[賽66:16];[珥3:2];
6)士師(6)[士2:16];[士2:18];[撒下7:11];[代上17:6];[代上26:29];[拉10:14];
7)你要審問(5)[結20:4];[結20:4];[結22:2];[結22:2];[結23:36];
8)審判你(4)[結7:8];[結23:24];[結24:14];[結35:11];
9)(那)士師(3)[士2:18];[士2:19];[撒下15:4];
10)刑罰(3)[結20:35];[結20:36];[結20:36];
11)治理(3)[撒上8:5];[撒上8:6];[王下23:22];
12)他作⋯士師(3)[士10:2];[士12:9];[士12:14];
13)作士師(3)[士4:4];[撒上4:18];[撒上8:2];
14)伸冤(3)[詩10:18];[詩82:3];[賽1:17];
15)審判者(3)[創18:25];[詩7:11];[摩2:3];
16)(那)審判官(3)[申17:9];[申25:2];[彌7:3];
17)求你為我伸冤(2)[詩26:1];[詩43:1];
18)我⋯審判(2)[結11:10];[結11:11];
19)要判斷(2)[創31:53];[賽51:5];
20)求你⋯判斷我(2)[詩7:8];[詩35:24];
21)我必⋯審判(2)[結18:30];[結33:20];
22)他必⋯施行審判(2)[賽2:4];[彌4:3];
23)他們的審判官(2)[書23:2];[詩141:6];
24)(那些)審判官(2)[申19:18];[代下19:6];
25)願⋯判斷(2)[創16:5];[撒上24:12];
26)她的審判官(1)[番3:3];
27)求你判斷(1)[哀3:59];
28)行審判(1)[彌3:11];
29)審問(1)[耶25:31];
30)施行(1)[亞8:16];
31)審判他們(1)[結7:27];
32)我必審判(1)[結21:30];
33)我便⋯判斷(1)[出18:16];
34)我也要審判你(1)[結16:38];
35)去審判(1)[結23:45];
36)懲罰他們(1)[結36:19];
37)審判我們(1)[但9:12];
38)我們審判官(1)[但9:12];
39)治理你(1)[何13:10];
40)他要⋯判斷(1)[撒上24:15];
41)我必⋯審判你(1)[結7:3];
42)可以⋯辯論(1)[賽43:26];
43)卻要⋯審判(1)[賽11:4];
44)他們⋯伸冤(1)[賽1:23];
45)我必要⋯刑罰(1)[結17:20];
46)必⋯判斷(1)[結34:20];
47)你們要⋯判斷(1)[亞7:9];
48)我要⋯刑罰(1)[結38:22];
49)我必⋯判斷(1)[結34:22];
50)審判⋯的人(1)[詩109:31];
51)他必為⋯伸冤(1)[詩72:4];
52)他就作⋯士師(1)[士3:10];
53)他們要按⋯判斷(1)[申16:18];
54)然後你們要⋯判斷(1)[申1:16];
55)他們⋯判斷(1)[出18:26];
56)於是⋯審判(1)[撒上7:6];
57)我要⋯講論(1)[撒上12:7];
58)願⋯受審判(1)[詩9:19];
59)為你⋯報仇了(1)[撒下18:31];
60)伸辨(1)[耶5:28];
61)他們可⋯判斷(1)[出18:22];
62)相爭(1)[箴29:9];
63)救我(1)[撒上24:15];
64)治理我們(1)[撒上8:20];
65)秉政(1)[得1:1];
66)那些士師(1)[得1:1];
67)為他報了仇(1)[撒下18:19];
68)裁定(1)[王上3:28];
69)和士師(1)[代上23:4];
70)士師們(1)[代上17:10];
71)(那些)士師(1)[王下23:22];
72)他可以判斷(1)[王上7:7];
73)願那審判人的(1)[士11:27];
74)就與士師(1)[士2:18];
75)他們要判斷(1)[出18:22];
76)或審判官(1)[出2:14];
77)判斷官哪(1)[創19:9];
78)他還要作(1)[創19:9];
79)自己判斷(1)[出18:26];
80)和那些審判官(1)[申19:17];
81)他們的士師(1)[士2:17];
82)並審判官(1)[書8:33];
83)就要判定(1)[申25:1];
84)和審判官(1)[申21:2];
85)能判斷(1)[代下1:10];
86)你們判斷(1)[代下19:6];
87)必判斷(1)[傳3:17];
88)他受審判時(1)[詩109:7];
89)審判者阿(1)[詩94:2];
90)你們審判(1)[詩82:2];
91)你的審判官(1)[賽1:26];
92)斷定是非(1)[賽5:3];
93)辨白(1)[賽59:4];
94)的審判官(1)[賽40:23];
95)我們的審判者(1)[賽33:22];
96)他行審判(1)[賽11:3];
97)斷定(1)[詩75:7];
98)你的判斷(1)[詩58:1];
99)既審判(1)[伯21:22];
100)又使審判官(1)[伯12:17];
101)討罪(1)[代下22:8];
102)懲罰(1)[代下20:12];
103)我的審判(1)[伯23:7];
104)的審判官阿(1)[詩2:10];
105)你的判斷中(1)[詩51:4];
106)審判的(1)[詩50:6];
107)審判時(1)[詩37:33];
108)我必審問(1)[耶2:35]