H1984. halal
I. [הָלַל] verb shine (according to Thes and others= II. הלל (splenduit, from sonuit acute, clare, so Thes; these meanings, however, merely assumed); but see LagOr. ii. 19 & below following; compare Arabic begin to shine, new moon; Assyrian êllu, bright COTGloss) —
Qal only Infinitive suffix ראֹשִׁי עֲלֵי נֵרוֺ בְּהִלּוֺ [Job 29:3] when it, namely his lamp, shone upon my head (compare Ew§ 309 c), figurative of God's favour.
Hiph`il Imperfect יָהֵל [Job 31:26], [3]feminine singular תָּהֶל [41:10]; [3]masculine plural יָהֵ֫לּוּ [Isa 13:10]; — flash forth light, of heavenly bodies, אוֺר = sun [Job 31:26] (|| הֹלֵךְ יָקָר יָרֵחַ); followed by accusative of congnate meaning with verb אוֺרָם יָהֵלּוּ לֹא וּכְּסִילֵיהֶם הַשָּׁמַיִם כּוֺכְבֵי [Isa 13:10] (|| הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ חָשַׁךְ, & אוֺרוֺ לֹאיַֿגִּיהַּ יָרֵחַ); also of crocodile אוֺר תָּ֫הֶל עֲטִישֹׁתָיו [Job 41:10] his sneezings flash forth light (shining water-drops).
II. [הָלַל] verb be boastful,
Pi`el praise (Arabic shout, both in joy & (if conjecture of Nö RS be right, see citation below) in terror; especially II. in formula of worship; Syriac Pa`el cecinit, laudavit; compare Late Hebrew הִלּוּל praise, הַלֵּל id., Hallel (Psalm 113-118); Aramaic הִילּוּלָא marriage-song, &c.; on Assyrian alâlu, shout for joy, rejoice see LyonSargontexte 66 (Cylinder. 1. 36) also WincklerSargontexte 134, 1. 194; 156. 1. 149 KB44. 1. 36; 80. 1. 194; all variations of cry aloud, compare NöZMG 1887, 723 RSSemitic 411; perhaps originally break through, or out (in a cry), compare WeSkizzen iii. 107 ff., especially 109; compare also (according to PrätBAS i. 369 f.) Ethiopic implore (compare Amharic, Tigrinya), & swear) —
Qal Imperfect2masculine plural תָּהֹ֑לּוּ [Psa 75:5]; Participle הוֺלֲלִים [5:6] [2]t.; — be boastful אַלתָּֿהֹ֑לּוּ [75:5] (|| אַלֿ (תָּרִימוּקָ֑רֶן); Participle boastful ones, boasters [5:6] (|| אָוֶן מֹּעֲלֵי); [73:3]; [75:5] (both || רְשָׁעִים).
Pi`el Perfect הִלֵּל [Psa 10:3], [1]singular suffix הִלַּלְתִּיךָ [119:164]; [3]masculine plural וְהִלֲלן consecutive [Isa 62:9], suffix הִלֲלוּךָ [64:10]. etc.; Imperfect יְהַלֶּלֿ [Psa 63:6]; [102:19]; suffix יְהַלֶּלְךָ [Prov 27:2], יְהַלֲלֶ֑ךָּ [Isa 38:18], וַיְהַלֲלָהּ Proverbs 31:38: 1singular אֲהַלֵּל [Psa 56:5] [2]t., cohortative אֲהַלֲלָה [69:31] [2]t., etc.; Imperative feminine singular הַלֲלִי [146:1]; [147:12]; masculine plural הַלְלוּ [104:35] [30]t. Psalm + [Jer 20:13]; [31:7]; suffix הַלֲלוּ֫הוּ [Psa 22:24] [15]t. Psalms; Infinitive absolute הַלֵּל [1Chr 16:36]; construct הַלֵּל [2Sam 14:25] [16]t. Chronicles; Participle plural מְהַלֲלִים [1Chr 23:5] [4]t. Chronicles; —
1 praise man or woman, accusative אֶלמַּֿרְעֹה אֹתָהּ וַיְהַלֲלוּ [Gen 12:15] (J) and they praised her to Pharaoh, compare [Prov 27:2]; [31:28], [31]; [Song 6:9]; אֶתהַֿמֶּלָךְ וְהַמְהַלֲלִים[2Chr 23:12] and those praising (shouting acclamations to) the king; see also מְאֹד לְהַלֵּל [2Sam 14:25] (of Absalom's beauty); in bas sense רָשָׁע יְהַלֲלוּ תוֺרָה עֹזְבֵי [Prov 28:4] deserters of law praise a wicked man.
2 usually praise ׳י אֱלֹהִים, etc.;
a. followed by accusative of heathen god [Judg 16:24].
b. object י ׳(אֱלֹהִים); [Psa 119:164] (עַל on account of), subject heaven, earth, seas, etc., [69:35]; ותְהַלֲלֶךָּ נַפְשִׁי תְּחִי [119:175]; in summons to all creatures to praise [148:5]; [148:13]; [Isa 38:18] יְהַלֲלֶ֑ךָּ מָוֶת תּוֺדֶךָּ שְׁאוֺל לֹא (compare [Psa 115:17]); often of Public worship in sanctuary, [Isa 62:9] (thanks giving in sanctuary after harvest), compare [64:10]; [Psa 22:23] (|| שִׁמְךָ אֲסַמְּרָה), [22:27]; [35:18]; [109:30] (both || אוֺדְךָ) [107:32] (|| יְרוֺמֲמוּהוּ) [84:5], see also [146:2] (|| לֵא ׳אֲזַמְּרָה) [149:3] (with בְּ instrumental; || לוֺ יְזַמְּרוּ); also object י ׳שֵׁם (in some cases of public worship) [74:21]; [148:5]; [Joel 2:26] (thanksgiving after harvest); בְּשִׁיר שֵׁםאֱֿלֹהִים [Psa 69:31] (|| בְתוֺדָה וִאֲגַדְּלֶנּוּ), [145:2] (|| אֲבָֽרֲכֶ֑ךָּ); further, [56:5] דְּבָרוֺ אֲהַלֵּל בֵּאלֹהִים, also [56:11] + [56:11]b וגו ׳ביהוה, but compare Hup Che on 11:b as editorial addition; object not expressed י הוֺשַׁע וְאִמְרוּ הַלֲלוּ ׳הַשְׁמִיעוּ אֶתעַֿמְּךָ [Jer 31:7], יְהַלֶּלמִּֿי רְנָנוֺת וְשִׂפְתֵי [Psa 63:6].
c. use of Imperative deserves special notice: הַלֲלוּהוּ [Psa 22:24] (|| כַּבְּדוּהוּ; of temple-worship compare [22:23]; [22:25]); also in summons to angles, sun, moon, etc. (all created things) to praise ׳י [148:2] (twice in verse); [148:3] (twice in verse); [148:4]; [150:1]; of temple-worship [150:2] (בְּ on account of) [150:2] (כְּ), [150:3]; [150:3]; [150:4]; [150:4]; [150:5]; [150:5] (all with בְּ instrumental); further [Jer 20:13] (|| לי ׳שִׁירוּ), אֶתיֿ ׳הַלֲלוּ [Psa 117:1] (addressed to nations, || שַׁבְּחוּהוּ), [148:7] (created things), צִיּוֺן אֱלֹהַיִךְ חַלֲלִי [147:12] (|| ׳אֶתיֿ יְרוּשָׁלַםִ שַׁבְּחִי).
d. note especially: praise ye yah! הַלֲלויָֿהּ [Psa 135:3], liturgical (|| לִשְׁמוֺ זַמְּרוּ); elsewhere always one word see BaerPsalm p.115, & always at beginning or end of Psalm (chiefly late), apparently liturgical; הַלֲלוּיָהֿ֑ [104:35] (|| אֶתיֿ נַפְשִׁי ׳בָּֽרְכִי), elsewhere ׃הַלֲלוּיָהּ (I) at beginning [106:1]; [111:1] (both || הודה) [112:1]; [113:1] (|| הַלֲלוּ & ׳ה י ׳אֶתשֵֿׁם), [135:1] (|| id.), [146:1] (|| אֶתיֿ נַפְשִׁי ׳הַלֲלִי), [147:1] (followed by זַמְּרָה in clause with כִּי), [148:1] (|| הַלֲלוּהוּ אֶתיֿ, ׳הַלֲלוּ), [149:1] (|| לי ׳שִׁירוּ), [150:1] (|| הַלֲלוּהוּ הַלֲלוּאֵֿל,); (2) at end [104:35] (above), [105:45]; [106:48]; [113:9]; [115:18] (|| יָהּ נְבָרֵךְ), [116:19]; [117:2]; [135:21] (|| י ׳בָּרוּךְ) [146:10]; [147:20]; [148:14]; [149:9]; [150:6] (|| יָהּ תְּהַלֵּל הַנְּשָׁמָה כֹּל); add to these (not liturgical) יְהַלֶּליָֿהּ [102:19], יָהּ תְּהַלֵּל נְשָׁמָה כֹּל [150:6], יְהַלֲלויָֿהּ הַמֵּתִים לֹא [115:17].
e. also followed by ליהוה, in Chronicles, of technical Levitical function (compare LagOr.ii.16 ff., who limits this technical הלל to priests, using חֲצֹצְרוֺת, for a signal to the people; see e.g. [Neh 12:24] compare [12:27]), [1Chr 16:4] (with instrumental music, compare וּבְכִנֹּרוֺת כְבָלִים בִּכְלֵי & ם בַּמְצִלְתַּיִ, all [16:5], and [Neh 12:27]) [1Chr 23:30]; [25:3] (all || הוֺדוֺת); exercised (apparently) by both priests and Levites [Ezra 3:11] (|| הֹדוֺת) compare [3:11]; by Levites [2Chr 20:19] (גָּדוֺל בְּקֹל), [29:30] (דָוִיד בְּדִבְרֵי) in which the people also joined [1Chr 16:36]; also [2Chr 5:13] (הַשִּׁיר וּבִכְלֵי וּבִמְצִלְתַּיִם בַּחֲצֹצְרוֺת compare also [5:12]; || הֹדוֺת, [5:13] apparently of Levites & priests), לי ׳מְהַלֲלִים בַּכֵּלִים [1Chr 23:5] (Levites) compare [2Chr 30:21] (Levites & priests לי עֹז ׳בִּכְלֵי); followed by תִּפְאַרְתֶּ֑ךָ לְשֵׁם [1Chr 29:13] (|| מוֺדִים; David speaks in name of people); followed by לְהַדְרַתקֹֿ֑דֶשׁ[2Chr 20:11] (before the army; || לי ׳מְשֹׁרֲרִים; probably of Levites, compare [20:19]).
f. followed by accusative ׳י [Ezra 3:10] (priests & Levites: דָּוִיד עַליְֿדֵי), [Neh 5:13] (people).
g. other forms, with like technical sense, but absolute: דָּוִיד בְּמִצְוַת לְהוֺדוֺת לְהַלֵּל [Neh 12:24] (Levites) compare [1Chr 23:5]; [2Chr 8:14]; [29:30] (עַדלְֿשִׂמְחָה) [31:2] (apparently priests & Levites; י מַחֲנוֺת ׳בְּשַׁעֲדֵי; || וּלְהֹוֺדוֺת לְשָׁרֵת); see also לְהַלֵּל מוֺדִיעִים[23:13] (|| בְּיָדָם דָּוִיד בְּהַלֵּל הַשִּׁיר בִּכְלֵי מְשׁוֺרֲרִים ). [7:6] (|| ליהוּה הֹדוֺת)
3 apparently boast, male one's boast compare Qal 2 (followed by בְּ in, of), בֵּאלֹהִים [Psa 44:9] (|| נוֺדֶה לְעוֺלָם שִׁמְךָ); so according to most, in bad sense, ׳ה נַפְשׁוֺ עַלתַּֿאֲוַת רָשָׁע [10:3] a wicked man boasteth of the desire of his soul, but Che praiseth (׳י) for (i.e. in a mercenary spirit).
Pu`al Perfect3plural הוּלָּ֑לוּ [Psa 78:63]; Imperfect יְהֻלַּלֿ [Prov 12:8]; Participle מְהֻלָּל [2Sam 22:4] [6]t.; feminine הַהֻלָּ֑לָה [Ezek 26:17] (compare Ol§ 250 c Sta§ 220, 617 b; ᵑ0, however, accents as Perfect, regarding הַ as = relative, see sta:§ 176 c Ges§ 52. 2, R. 6); — be praised,
1 human subject be praised, commended [Prov 12:18] (opposed to לָבוּז יִהְיֶה); of maidens, praised, celebrated (in song) [Psa 78:63]; participle (see above) of city, renowned [Ezek 26:17].
2 of ׳י only participle = gerundive, to be praised, worthy of praise [2Sam 22:4] = [Psa 18:4]; י ׳גָּדוֺל ׳וּמְה מְאֹד [48:2]; [96:4] = [1Chr 16:25]; [Psa 145:3]; so ׳מְה י ׳שֵׁם [113:3].
Hithpa. Imperfect יִתְהַלֵּל [1Kin 20:11] [5]t.; יִתְהַלָּ֑ל [Prov 20:14]; [3]feminine singular תִּתְּהַלֵּל [Psa 34:3], תִּתְּהַלָּ֑ל [Prov 31:30]; [2]masculine singular תִּתְהַלֵּל [Psa 52:3]; [Prov 27:1]; תִּתְהַלָּ֑ל [Isa 41:16]; [2]feminine singular תִּתְהַלֲלִי [Jer 49:4]; [3]masculine plural יִתְהַלֲלוּ Psalm 64:11; [Isa 45:25]; יִתְהַלָּ֑לוּ [49:7]; [Jer 4:2]; Imperative masculine plural הִתְהַלֲלוּ [1Chr 16:10]; [Psa 105:3]; Infinitive לְהִתְהַלֵּל [106:5]; Participle מִתְהַלֵּל [Prov 25:14]; [Jer 9:23]; plural מִתְהַלֲלִים [Psa 97:7]; — glory, boast, make one's boast: —
1 of self-confident boasting, absolute [1Kin 20:11] compare [Prov 20:14]; followed by בְּ of ground of boast [Jer 9:22] (3 t. in verse); [49:4]; [Psa 49:7]; [52:3]; [Prov 25:14], מָחָר בְּיוֺם אַלתִּֿתְהַלֵּל [27:1]; of glorying in idols בָּאֱלִלִים הַמִּתְהַלֲלִים [Psa 97:7].
2 of glorying, making one's boast in (בְּ, on the ground of) נַפְשִׁי ׳בי ׃י ׳תִּתְהַלֵּל [Psa 34:3], compare [Isa 45:25]; [Jer 4:2] (|| בוֺ וְהִתְבָּֽרְכוּ); followed by יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּקְדוֺשׁ [Isa 41:16]; see also [Psa 105:3] = [1Chr 16:10] followed by קָדְשׁוֺ בְּשֵׁם ) || י מְבַקְשֵׁי לֵב ׳(יִשְׂמַה, compare further [Jer 9:23]; less often absolute [9:23]; Psalm 63:12; Psalm 64:11 & 106:5 followed by עִםנַֿחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ together with thine heritage (|| י֑ךָ גּוֶֺ בְּשִׂמְהַת לִשְׂמֹהַ).
3 once, late = passive be praised, commended, of God-fearing woman [Prov 31:30].
Po`el Imperfect יְהוֺלֵל [Isa 44:25] [2]t.; — make into a fool, make fool of, object שֹׁפְטִים [Job 12:17] (subject ׳י; || שׁוֺלָ֑ל יוֺעֲצִים מוֺלִיךְ); object קֹסְמִים [Isa 44:25] (subject ׳י || בַּדִּים אֹתוֺת מֵפֵר; object הָכָם [Eccl 7:7] (subject הָעשֶׁק; || מַתָּנָה אֶתלֵֿב וִיאַבֵּד).
Po`al Participle מְהוֺלָ֑ל אָמַרְתִּי לִשְׂהוֺק [Eccl 2:2] of laughter I said, It is mad (folly); מְהוֺלָלַי [Psa 102:9] those mad against me (|| אוֺיְבָ֑י).
Hithpo`el Imperfect וַיִּתְהֹלֵל [1Sam 21:14]; [3]masculine plural יִתְהֹלֲלוּ [Jer 51:7], יִתְהוֺלֲלוּ [Nahum 2:5], יִתְהֹלֶ֑לוּ [Jer 50:38]; Imperative masculine plural הִתְהֹלֲלוּ [49:9], הִתְהֹלָ֑לוּ [25:16]; — act madly, or like a madman, בְּיָדָם וַיִּתְהֹלֵל [1Sam 21:14] (of David) and he acted like a madman in their hands; of idolatrous worship by Chaldeans יִתְה ׳וּבָאֵימִים [Jer 50:38]; of nations, as drunken men, figurative of terror at Yahweh's judgements, [25:16] (|| הִתְגֹּעֲשׁוּ) [51:7]; also of madly driving & jolting chariots [Nahum 2:5]; [Jer 46:9].