ἁμαρτάνω (
hamartánō|
ham-ar-tan'-o|
verb|
to sin)
[Grk]
ἁμαρτάνω LN: 88.289 GK: G279 Hebrew: אָשַׁם,
חָטָא,
מָעַל,
עָוֺן,
עָשָׂה,
פָּשַׁע,
רָשַׁע,
שָׁחַת
Derivation: perhaps from
Α (as a negative particle) and the base of
μέρος;
Strong's: properly,
to miss the mark (and so not share in the prize), i.e. (figuratively) to err, especially (morally) to sin
KJV: --for your faults, offend, sin, trespass.
See: ΑSee: μέρος ἁμαρτάνω [ ᾰμ.. ᾰν ]: fut. ἁμαρτήσομαι Od. 9.512, Th. 4.55, etc.; later -ήσω [Mat 18:21], D.C. 59.20, Gal. 7.653, (δι-) Hp. Praec. 9, (ἐξ-) Id. Acut. (Sp.) 13: aor. 2 ἥμαρτον Thgn., Pi., Att.; ἤμβροτον, but only ind.; Aeol. 3 sg. ἄμβροτε Sapph. Supp. 1.5, inf. ἀμβρότην IG 12(2).1.15 (Mytilene); opt. ἁμάρτοιν (for ἁμάρτοιμι) Cratin. 55 (dub.): aor. 1 ἡμάρτησα Emp. 115.4 (dub.), AP 7.339 (Pall. or Luc.), D.S. 2.14: pf. ἡμάρτηκα Hdt. 9.79, Ar. Pl. 961, etc., Att.: - Pass., aor. ἡμαρτήθην Th. 2.65, X. Vect. 4.37: pf. ἡμάρτημαι S. OC 439, Antipho 5.77, etc.: plpf. ἡμάρτητο Th. 7.18, Lys. 31.20: -
1. miss the mark, esp. of spear thrown, abs., Il. 5.287, etc.; ἔρριψεν, οὐδ’ ἥμαρτε A. Fr. 80: c. gen., φωτὸς ἁ. Il. 10.372; also τῶν μεγάλων ψυχῶν ἱεὶς οὐκ ἂν ἁμάρτοις S. Aj. 155; ἁ. τῆς ὁδοῦ miss road, Ar. Pl. 961; τοῦ σκοποῦ Antipho 3.4.5.
2. generally, fail of one’s purpose, go wrong, abs., Od. 21.155, A. Ag. 1194, etc.: c. gen., οὔ τι νοήματος ἤμβροτεν ἐσθλοῦ Od. 7.292; μύθων ἡμάρτανε failed of good speech, 11.511; γνώμης, ἐλπίδων, βουλήσεως ἁ., Hdt. 1.207, E. Med. 498, Th. 1.33, 92; ἁ. τοῦ χρησμοῦ mistake it, Hdt. 1.71: c. acc., ἁ. τὸ ἀληθές Hdt. 7.139 (codd., τἀληθέος Schäfer).
3. fail of having, be deprived of, mostly c. gen., χειρῶν ἐξ Ὀδυσῆος ἁμαρτήσεσθαι ὀπωπῆς that I should lose my sight by Ulysses’ hands, Od. 9.512; τοῦ ῥυσίου θ’ ἥμαρτε A. Ag. 535; ἁ. πιστῆς ἀλόχου E. Alc. 879, cf. 144: - once with neut. Adj., οὐ γὰρ εἰκὸς.. ἐμὲ ὑμῶν ἁμαρτεῖν τοῦτό γ’ ’tis not seemly that I should ask this of you in vain, S. Ph. 231: - rare in Prose, ἡμάρτομεν τῆς Βοιωτίης Hdt. 9.7. β, cf. Th. 7.50; δυοῖν κακοῖν οὐκ ἦν ἁμαρτεῖν (i.e. either one or the other) And. 1.20, cf. S. El. 1320: - so μηδὲ δυοῖν φθάσαι ἁμάρτωσιν, ἢ.. ἢ.. fail to be before-hand in one of two things, Th. 1.33.
4. rarely, fail to do, neglect, φίλων ἡμάρτανε δώρων Il. 24.68; ξυμμαχίας ἁμαρτών A. Ag. 213. II abs.,
1. do wrong, err, sin, Il. 9.501, Semon. 7.111, A. Pr. 262, S. El. 1207, etc.; ἄκοντες ἡμαρτάνομεν Pl. R. 336e, cf. 340e, etc.: - c. part., ἥμαρτε χρηστὰ μωμένη S. Tr. 1136; πρόθυμος ὢν ἥμαρτες E. Or. 1630, cf. Antipho 2.2.1: c. dat. rei, ἁ. ῥήματι Pl. Grg. 489b; ἐν λόγοις Id. R. 396a; τοιαῦθ’ ἁμαρτάνουσιν ἐν λόγοις ἔπη S. Aj. 1096: - with cognate acc., ἁμαρτίαν ἁ. S. Ph. 1249, E. Hipp. 320: with neut. Adj. or Pron., αὐτὸς ἐγὼ τόδε γ’ ἤμβροτον I erred in this, Od. 22.154; πόλλ’ ἁμαρτών A. Supp. 915; ἀνθρώπινα X. Cyr. 3.1.40: in Prose more freq. ἁ. περί τινος or τι do wrong in a matter, Pl. Lg. 891e, Phdr. 242e; ἐπί τινι Antipho 5.91 (codd.); ἁ. εἴς τινα sin against.., Hdt. 1.138, S. OC 968; ἐπὶ τὴν ἔλλειψιν, ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖον, Arist. EN 1126b1, 1118b16; περί τινα Antipho 3.2.7; τινί LXX Jd. 10.10.
2. Pass., ἡμαρτήθη ὁ ἐς Σικελίαν πλοῦς Th. 2.65, etc.: in pf. part., τἀμὰ δ’ ἡμαρτημένα my plans are frustrate, S. OT 621; τῶν περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐς τὰ θεῖα ἁμαρτανομένων Pl. Lg. 759c; ἀπειρίἁ αὐτὸ μᾶλλον ἢ ἀδικία ἡμαρτῆσθαι Antipho 5.5: - τὰ ἡμαρτημένα, τὰ ἁμαρτηθέντα, S. OC 439, 1269, X. An. 5.8.20.
3. ἁμαρτανόμενος, as Adj., wrong, mistaken, Pl. Phlb. 37d, al.; αἱ ἡμαρτημέναι πολιτεῖαι Id. R. 449a, Arist. Pol. 1275b1, 1301a36; and of persons, ἡμαρτημένοι mistaken, Id. EN 1125a19.
ἁμαρτάνω hamartanō 43x
pr. to miss a mark; to be in error, [1Co 15:34]; [Tit 3:11]; to sin, [Joh 5:14]; to be guilty of wrong, [Mat 18:15] sin.
G264 — ἁμαρτάνω
future ἁμαρτήσω ([Mat 18:21]; [Rom 6:15]; in the latter passage L T Tr WH give ἁμαρτήσωμεν for R G ἁμαρτήσομεν), in classical Greek ἁμαρτήσομαι; 1 aorist (later) ἡμάρτησα, [Mat 18:15]; [Rom 5:14], [Rom 5:16] (cf. Winers Grammar, 82 (79); Buttmann, 54 (47)); 2 aorist ἥμαρτον; perfect ἡμάρτηκα; (according to a conjecture of Alexander Buttmann (1873), Lexil. i., p. 137, from the alpha privative and μείρω, μείρομαι, μέρος, properly, to be without a share in, namely, the mark); properly, to miss the mark, (Homer, Iliad 8, 311, etc.; with the genitive of the thing missed, Homer, Iliad 10, 372; 4, 491; τοῦ σκοποῦ, Plato, Hipp. min., p. 375 a.; τῆς ὁδοῦ, Aristophanes Plutarch, 961, others); then to err, be mistaken; lastly to miss or wander from the path of uprightness and honor, to do or go wrong. ("Even the Sept., although the Hebrew חָטָא also means primarily to miss, endeavor to reserve ἁμαρτάνω exclusively for the idea of sin: and where the Hebrew signifies to miss one's aim in the literal sense, they avail themselves of expressive compounds, in particular ἐξαμαρτάνειν, [Jdg 20:16]." Zezschwitz, Profangraec, u. Biblical Sprachgeist, p. 63f) In the N. T. to wander from the law of God, violate God's law, sin;
a. absolutely: [Mat 27:4]; [Joh 5:14]; [Joh 8:11]; [Joh 9:2]; [1Jo 1:10]; [1Jo 2:1]; [1Jo 3:6], [1Jo 3:8]; [1Jo 5:18]; [Rom 2:12]; [Rom 3:23]; [Rom 5:12], [Rom 5:14], [Rom 5:16]; [Rom 6:15]; [1Co 7:28], [1Co 7:36]; [1Co 15:34]; [Eph 4:26]; [1Ti 5:20]; [Tit 3:11]; [Heb 3:17]; [Heb 10:26] (ἑκουσίως); ([2Pe 2:4]); of the violation of civil laws, which Christians regard as also the transgression of divine law, [1Pe 2:20].
b. ἁμαρτάνειν ἁμαρτίαν to commit (literally, sin) a sin, [1Jo 5:16] (μεγάλην ἁμαρτίαν, [Exo 32:30]f. Hebrew חֲטָאָה חָטָא; αἰσχρὰν ἁμαρτάνω Sophocles Phil. 1249; μεγάλα ἁμαρτήματα ἁμαρτάνειν, Plato, Phaedo, p. 113 e.); cf. ἀγαπάω, under the end ἁμαρτάνειν εἰς τινα (Buttmann, 173 (150); Winer's Grammar, 233 (219)): [Mat 18:15] (L T WH omit; Tr marginal reading brackets εἰς σε), [Mat 18:21]; [Luk 15:18], [Luk 15:21]; [Luk 17:3] Rec., 4; [1Co 8:12]; τί εἰς Καίσαρα, [Act 25:8]; εἰς τό ἴδιον σῶμα, [1Co 6:18] (εἰς αὑτούς τέ καί εἰς ἄλλους, Plato, rep. 3, p. 396 a.; εἰς τό θεῖον, Plato, Phaedr., p. 242 c.; εἰς Θεούς, Xenophon, Hell. 1, 7, 19, etc.; (cf. ἁμαρτάνω κυρίῳ Θεῷ, Baruch 1:13 Baruch 2:5)); Hebraistically, ἐνώπιον (לִפְּנֵי) τίνος (Buttmann, § 146, 1) in the presence of, before anyone, the one wronged by the sinful act being, as it were, present and looking on: [Luk 15:18], [Luk 15:21] ([1Sa 7:6]; Tobit 3:3, etc.; (cf. ἔναντι κυρίου, Baruch 1:17)). (For references see ἁμαρτία. Compare: προαμαρτάνω).
ἁμαρτάνω
(pres. formed from aor. ἁμαρτεῖν ),
[in LXX for H2398, also for H816, H7561, etc.;]
1. to miss the mark ( Hom ., Æsch ., al. ), hence metaph . ( Hom ., al. ), to err, do wrong.
2. In LXX and ΝΤ , to violate God's law, to sin (for non-Christian exx ., v. MM , VGT , s.v. ): absol. , [Mat 18:25]; [Mat 27:4], [Luk 17:3], [Joh 5:14]; [Joh 8:11]; [Joh 9:2-3] [Rom 2:12]; [Rom 3:23]; [Rom 5:12]; [Rom 5:14]; [Rom 5:16]; [Rom 6:15], [1Co 7:28]; [1Co 7:36]; [1Co 15:34], [Eph 4:26], [1Ti 5:20], [Tit 3:11], [Heb 3:17]; [Heb 10:26], [1Pe 2:20], [2Pe 2:4]; [2Pe 2:4] 1Jn 1:10 ; [1Jn 2:1]; [1Jn 3:6-9]; [1Jn 5:18]; c . cogn . acc , ἁ . ἁμαρτίαν ( cf. [Exo 32:30], H2401 H2398), [1Jn 5:16]; seq . εἰς , [Mat 18:21], [Luk 15:18]; [Luk 15:21]; [Luk 17:4], [Act 25:8] ( καίσαρα ). 1Co 6:18 ; [1Co 8:12] ( Field, Notes , 173); ἐνώπιον , [Luk 15:18]; [Luk 15:21]; πρὸς θάνατον ( cf. [Num 18:22], H4191 H2399), [1Jn 5:16] ( Cremer , 98, 633). †
ἁμαρτάνω原文音譯:¡mart£nw 哈馬而他挪
詞類次數:動詞(43)
原文字根:不-印證(向上) 相當於:H816(אָשַׁם) H898(בָּגַד) H2398(חָטָא / חֶטְאָה) H4603(מָעַל) H7683(בְּשַׁגַּם / שָׁגַג)
字義溯源:未中目標*,失誤,犯罪,干犯,得罪;未以神為目標,就是失誤,就是犯罪,就無分於獎賞。或由(G1(α / ἄλφα)=G427(ἄνευ)=無*)與(G3313(μέρος)=份)組成;而G3313(μέρος)又出自G3187(μείζων)X=分得的份*。犯罪是直接干犯神([路15:18][,21]);也直接得罪別人([太18:15][,21]);有時甚至得罪自己([林前6:18])。世人犯罪乃是虧缺了神的榮耀([羅3:23]),其結果乃是受審判而滅亡([羅2:12])。但神也預備了救恩,叫人悔改,相信主耶穌,而得永生([約3:16].[約壹1:5-10])
同源字:1)
G264(
ἁμαρτάνω)犯罪 2)
G265(
ἁμάρτημα)罪 3)
G266(
ἁμαρτία)罪,罪過 4)
G268(
ἁμαρτωλός)有罪的 5)
G361(
ἀναμάρτητος)無罪的 6)
G4258(
προαμαρτάνω)從前犯罪 參讀
G91(
ἀδικέω)同義字
出現次數:總共(43);太(3);路(4);約(4);徒(1);羅(7);林前(7);弗(1);提前(1);多(1);來(2);彼前(1);彼後(1);約壹(10)
譯字彙編:
1)犯罪(14)[太18:15];[約5:14];[羅5:16];[林前7:28];[林前7:28];[林前7:36];[林前15:34];[弗4:26];[多3:11];[彼前2:20];[約壹2:1];[約壹3:6];[約壹3:6];[約壹5:18];
2)犯了罪(5)[約9:2];[約9:3];[羅3:23];[羅5:12];[來3:17];
3)犯了罪的(2)[羅2:12];[羅2:12];
4)犯(2)[羅5:14];[約壹5:16];
5)罪(2)[太18:21];[林前6:18];
6)我得罪(2)[路15:18];[路15:21];
7)犯罪了(2)[路17:3];[約8:11];
8)你們⋯得罪(1)[林前8:12];
9)他⋯罪(1)[路17:4];
10)我⋯干犯了(1)[徒25:8];
11)我們⋯犯過罪(1)[約壹1:10];
12)我⋯有罪了(1)[太27:4];
13)你們⋯犯罪(1)[約壹2:1];
14)我們⋯犯罪(1)[來10:26];
15)犯罪的(1)[彼後2:4];
16)得罪(1)[林前8:12];
17)就可以犯罪麼(1)[羅6:15];
18)犯罪的人(1)[提前5:20];
19)就犯罪(1)[約壹3:8];
20)(繼續)犯罪(1)[約壹3:9];
21)犯了(1)[約壹5:16]