H2398. chata
חָטָא238 verb miss (a goal or way), go wrong, sin (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic חֲטָא Assyrian —a‰û. ZimBP 46; Sabean החֿטא חֿטא, id., DHM in MV; Arabic do wrong, commit a mistake or an error; II. make to miss the mark; IV. miss the mark, miss the way; Ethiopic fail to find or have; sometimes sin, especially in derivatives) —
Qal Perfect ׳ח [Exod 32:31] + 29: t., 3 feminine singular חָֽטְאָה [Lev 5:15]; [Lam 1:8], חָטָֽאָה [Jer 50:14]; [Ezek 16:15], חָטָאת [Exod 5:16], etc., + 82 t. Perfect; Imperfect יֶחֱטָא [Lev 4:3] [12]t., תֶּחֱטָ֫אוּ [Exod 20:20]; [Psa 4:5], etc. + 20 t. Imperfect; Infinitive חֲטֹא [Ezek 3:21] [8]t., מֵחֲטוֺא [Psa 39:2], מֵחֲטוֺ (text error for מחטא) [Gen 20:6], בְּחֶטְאָה [Num 15:28], חֲטאֹתוֺ [Ezek 33:12] (strike out Co); Participle חוֺטֵא [Prov 13:22] [6]t., חֹטֵא [Isa 1:4]; [Eccl 9:2], חוֺטֶא [Isa 65:20] [2]t., חֹטֶא [Eccl 8:12], suffix חֹטְאִי [Prov 8:36], plural חֹטִ֯אֿים [1Sam 14:33], suffix חֹטֵאת [Ezek 18:4], [20]; —
1 miss: תחטא לא thou shalt not miss anything [Job 5:24], חוֺטֵא בְּרַגְּלַיִם אָץ [Prov 19:2] one hastening with his feet misseth (the way or the goal); חֹמֵסנַפְשׁוֺ חֹטְאִי [8:36] the one missing me (Wisdom) is one wronging himself (opposed to מֹצְאִי); miss, i.e. endanger, one's life [20:2]; [Hab 2:10] according to De VB (others below 3 q. v.)
2 sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty:
a. against man, absolute [Exod 5:16] (E), [1Sam 26:21]; [2Sam 19:21]; [1Kin 18:9]; [2Kin 18:14]; with לְ of the person against whom or towards whom one sins, [Gen 40:1] (E), [Judg 11:27]; [1Sam 2:25]; [19:4]; [24:12], [1Kin 8:31] [2Chr 6:22]; לך חטאתי מה wherein have I sinned against thee ? [Gen 20:9] (E) [Jer 37:18]; with בילד תחטאו אל בְּ, [Gen 42:22] (E) do not sin against the lad, against David [1Sam 19:4-5],.
b. elsewhere always against God, absolute [Exod 20:20] (E), [9:34] (J) [Josh 7:11] (D) [Lev 4:3]; [5:1], [11], [17] (twice in verse); Leviticus 5:21; Leviticus 5:23; [Num 16:22] (P), [Neh 6:13]; [Job 1:5], [22]; [7:20]; [10:14]; [24:19]; [35:6]; [Psa 4:5]; [78:32]; [Isa 43:27]; [64:4]; [Jer 2:35]; [Lam 5:7]; [Ezek 3:21] (twice in verse); [16:51]; [28:16]; [33:12]; [Hosea 8:11] (strike out We Kl. Proph.) [8:11]; [10:9]; [13:2]; חכי לחטא נתתי לא I have not permitted my palate to sin [Job 31:30]; Participle חֹטֵא, used as adjective, sinful nation [Isa 1:4]; sinful person [Ezek 18:4], [20]; but usually as noun, sinner [Prov 11:31]; [13:22]; [14:21]; [Eccl 2:26]; [7:26]; [8:12]; [9:2], [18]; [Isa 65:20]. Sin is confessed: חָטָאנוּ we have sinned [Num 14:40]; [21:7] (E) [Judg 10:15]; [1Sam 12:10]; [1Kin 8:47] [2Chr 6:37]; [Neh 1:6]; [Psa 106:6]; [Lam 5:16]; [Dan 9:5], [15]; חטאתי I have sinned [Exod 9:27]; [Num 22:34] (J) [1Sam 15:24], [30]; [2Sam 24:10], [17]; [1Chr 21:8], [17]; [Job 33:27]. Sin is universal: יחטא לא אשׁר אדם אין there is no man who sinneth not [1Kin 8:46] [2Chr 6:36], יחטא ולא טוב יעשׂה אשׁר בארץ צדיק אין אדם כי [Eccl 7:20] for man there is none righteous in the earth who doeth good and sinneth not; with לְ, against God [Gen 20:6] (E), [39:9] (J), [Exod 32:33]; [Num 32:33] (both J E), [Deut 9:16]; [20:18]; [1Sam 2:25]; [12:23]; [14:33-34], [1Kin 8:33], [35], [46], [50] [2Chr 6:24], [26], [36], [39]; [2Kin 17:7]; [Hosea 4:7]; [Micah 7:9]; [Zeph 1:17]; [Jer 40:3]; [44:23]; [50:7], [14]; [Ezek 14:13]; [Isa 42:24]; [Job 8:4]; [Psa 78:17]; [119:11]; [Neh 1:6]; in confession ל חטאתי [Exod 10:16]; [Josh 7:20] (J), [2Sam 12:13] [Psa 41:5]; [51:6]; ל חטאנו [Deut 1:41]; [Judg 10:10]; [1Sam 7:6]; [Jer 3:25]; [8:14]; [14:7], [20]; [Dan 9:8], [11]; with בְּ of instrument, lips [Job 2:10], tongue [Psa 39:2]; wherein [Ezek 37:23]; [Lev 4:23] (P), therein Leviticus 5:22 (P); ellipsis of בְּ in pharse ח אשׁר ׳עונם לי (their) iniquity wherein they sinned against me [Jer 33:8] (twice in verse); בשׁגגה by error, unwittingly [Lev 4:2], [22], [27]; [5:15]; [Num 15:27-28], (all P); against thy judgements [Neh 9:29]; with עַל with regard to [Lev 5:5]; [Num 6:11](P) [Neh 13:26]; with cognate accusative ׳ח חֲטָאָה [Exod 32:30-31], (JE); ח ׳אשׁר חַטָּאת [Num 12:11](J) [Lev 4:3], [28] (twice in verse); [4:35]; [5:6], [10], [13] (all P) [19:22] (twice in verse) (H), [Deut 9:18]; [1Kin 14:16], [22]; [15:30]; [16:13], [19]; [2Kin 21:17]; [Ezek 18:24]; [33:16]; ח אשׁר ׳חטאת ל [Jer 16:10]; [Neh 1:6]; ח אשׁר ׳חטאת על [Lev 4:14] (P); ח ׳חֵטְא [Lam 1:8]; ח ׳אשׁר חֵטְא [Deut 19:15].
3 incur guilt, penalty by sin, forfeit: הימים כל לך וחטאתי [Gen 43:9] I shall incur the blame of sinning against thee all my days, compare [44:32] (J); with accusative נפשׁ חוֺטֵא for feiting oneself, one's life [Prov 20:2]; [Hab 2:10] according to most, yet see below
1 — ח אשׁר אשׁמו ׳והביא [Lev 5:7] he shall bring his trespass-offering which he has incurred by sin; ח אשׁר ׳קרבנו [5:11]; ישׁלּם ח אשׁר ׳את מןהֿקדשׁ [5:16] what he hath incurred by taking of the holy thing he shall pay.
Pi`el Perfect חִטֵּא [Lev 14:52]; suffix חִטְּאוֺ [Num 19:19], חִטֵּאתָ [Exod 29:36] [2]t.; 3 plural חִטְּאוּ [Ezek 43:22] (twice in verse); Imperfect יַיְחַטֵּא [Lev 8:15]; suffix וַיְהַטְּאֵהוּ [9:15], תְּחַטְּאֵנִי [Psa 51:9], אֲחַטֶּנָּה [Gen 31:39], וַיְחַטְּאוּ[2Chr 29:24]; Infinitive חַטֵּא [Lev 14:49]; [Ezek 43:23]; Participle הִמְחַטֵּא [Lev 6:19]; —
1 bear loss: אֲחַטֶּנָּה אָנֹכִי I bare the loss of it [Gen 31:39] (E; lit I let it be missing ? possibly read אֲחֻטּנה I was made to miss it ?).
2 make a sin-offering: with suffix referring to שׁעיר [Lev 9:15] (P); to sin-offering [6:19] (P); המזבח על upon the altar [Exod 29:36] (P; not cleanse the altar RV); ׳ח המזבחה דמם את[2Chr 29:24] made a sin-offering with their blood on the altar.
3 purity from sin: the altar, by putting the blood of the sin-offering on its horns, [Lev 8:15] (P), [Ezek 43:20], [22] (twice in verse); [43:23]; the sanctuary, by applying to it the blood of the sin-offering [45:18].
4 purity from uncleanness: the house of the leper by application of the mixture of living water and blood of the bird [Lev 14:49], [52] (P); a person, by application of then mixture of living water and ashes of the red heifer [Num 19:19] (P), by sprinkling with a hyssop spring [Psa 51:9].
Hiph`il Perfect הֶחֱטִיא [1Kin 14:16-17]t., הֶחֶטִ֯י (Kt error for החטִיא) [2Kin 13:6]; suffix הֶחֱטִיאָם [17:21]; plural הֶחֱטִיאוּ [1Kin 16:13]; [Neh 13:26]; Imperfect יַחֲטִא [Judg 20:16]; [2Kin 21:11]; תַּחֲטִיא [Deut 24:4]; וַתַּחֲטִא [1Kin 16:2]; [21:22]; plural יַחֲטִיאוּ [Exod 23:33]; Infinitive הַחֲטִיא [Eccl 5:5]; [1Kin 16:19]; [Jer 32:35] (Qr), הַחֲ֯טִי [32:35] (Kt error); Participle plural construct מַחֲטִיאֵי [Isa 29:21]; —
1 miss the mark: יַחֲטִא וְלֹא אֶלהַֿשַּׂעְרָה בָּאֶבֶן קֹלֵעַ [Judg 20:16] slinging with stones at an hair and would not miss.
2 induce or cause to sin: with accusative [Exod 23:33](JE), [Neh 13:26]; elsewhere in the phrase ישׂראל את החטיא (he) caused Israel to sin [1Kin 14:16]; [15:26], [30], [34]; [16:2], [13], [19], [26]; [21:22]; [22:53]; [2Kin 3:3]; [10:29], [31]; [13:2], [6], [11]; [14:24]; [15:9], [18], [24], [28]; [23:15]; with suffix reference to Israel [17:21]; יהודה את [21:11], [16]; [Jer 32:35] (sometimes with 2nd accusative — חטאת, or אשׁר reference to חטאת: — [1Kin 15:26], [34]; [16:26]; [2Kin 17:21]; [21:16]; peob. also [1Kin 14:16]; [15:30]; [16:13]; no 2nd accusative [16:2], [19]; [21:22]; [22:53]; [2Kin 21:11]; [23:15]; [Jer 32:35]; the rest are ambiguous).
3 bring into guilt, condemnation, punishment: אדם מחטיאי [Isa 29:21] who bring a man into condemnation; הארץ את תחטיא לא [Deut 24:4] thou shalt not bring the land into guilt; אתבֿשׂרך לחטיא אתפֿיך תתן אל [Eccl 5:4] do not permit thy mouth to bring thy flesh into punishment.
Hithpa`el Imperfect יִתְחַטָּא [Num 19:12] [4]t., יִתְחַטְּאוּ [8:21]; יִתְחַטָּ֑אוּ [Job 41:17], תִּתְחַטְּאוּ [Num 31:19], תִּתְחַטָּ֑אוּ [31:20]; —
1 miss oneself, lose oneself, figurative for be bewildered, beside oneself, יִתְחַטָּאוּ מִשְּׁבָרִים [Job 41:17] by reason of consternation they are beside themselves (|| יגורו are afraid).
2 purity oneself from uncleanness, only in P:
a. Levites [Num 8:21].
b. those in contact with thedead [Num 19:12-13], [20]; [31:19-20], with נִּדָּה בְּמֵי בְּ, [31:23]; by a mixture of ashes of the red heifer with fresh water [19:12].
חָטָא / חֶטְאָה
原文音譯：ajx khaw-taw’
詞類次數：動詞（240）
原文字根：失誤；相當於G264（ἁμαρτάνω） G458（ἀνομία）
字義溯源：失誤*，犯罪，喪失，缺乏，補償，悔改，迷途，受罰，認罪，洗淨，犯錯，過失，玷污，傷害，損失，罪犯，得罪，贖罪，擔罪，除淨，和解，犯過。這個動詞‘犯罪’並不包含‘未中目標’的基本思想；在二百四十次的使用中，雖有四次是與‘失誤’有關係，但這字的基本意義卻是‘不愉快，不喜悅’；其中二百餘次的使用上，根本與所謂的‘犯罪工具’無關。那些罪的發生，是藉著舌頭（[詩39:1][,3]），藉著嘴唇（[伯2:10]原文），或像以西結十八章所描寫的那些欠債取利的罪，或誤犯的罪（[申4:2]），自然也有搶奪欺壓的罪（[結18:18],[申6:2]）所以他們的犯罪，大都是犯罪得罪了人，或犯罪得罪了神。接著他們就有許多除罪潔淨之禮，而違犯這潔淨之禮的後果，卻是相當嚴重的，如摸了死屍而不去潔淨自己的，就要從民中剪除，可能是開除會藉，甚至被趕出本地
出現次數：總共（239）；創（9）；出（9）；利（30）；民（18）；申（6）；書（2）；士（4）；撒上（14）；撒下（4）；王上（23）；王下（18）；代上（2）；代下（8）；尼（6）；伯（12）；詩（10）；箴（6）；傳（7）；賽（6）；耶（14）；哀（3）；結（16）；但（4）；何（5）；彌（1）；哈（1）；番（1）
譯字彙編：
1）犯罪（61）[創39:9]；[創42:22]；[出9:34]；[出20:20]；[出32:33]；[利4:2]；[利4:3]；[利5:17]；[利6:2]；[民15:27]；[民16:22]；[書7:20]；[撒上2:25]；[撒上12:23]；[撒上14:33]；[撒上19:5]；[撒上24:11]；[撒下24:10]；[王上8:31]；[王上21:22]；[王下10:31]；[王下13:2]；[王下13:6]；[王下13:11]；[王下14:24]；[王下15:9]；[王下15:18]；[王下15:24]；[王下15:28]；[王下17:7]；[代上21:8]；[代上21:17]；[代下6:22]；[尼9:29]；[尼13:26]；[尼13:26]；[伯1:22]；[伯2:10]；[伯8:4]；[伯31:30]；[伯35:6]；[詩4:4]；[詩39:1]；[詩78:17]；[詩78:32]；[詩119:11]；[傳5:6]；[賽1:4]；[賽43:27]；[耶2:35]；[耶14:7]；[哀1:8]；[哀5:7]；[結3:21]；[結3:21]；[結14:13]；[何4:7]；[何8:11]；[何8:11]；[何13:2]；[哈2:10]；
2）我們犯罪（10）[申1:41]；[士10:10]；[撒上7:6]；[尼1:6]；[耶3:25]；[耶8:14]；[耶14:20]；[但9:5]；[但9:8]；[但9:11]；
3）他們犯罪（10）[王上8:35]；[王上8:46]；[代下6:24]；[代下6:26]；[代下6:36]；[代下6:39]；[耶33:8]；[耶50:7]；[結37:23]；[番1:17]；
4）犯了罪（8）[利4:22]；[利4:27]；[利5:15]；[利6:3]；[書7:11]；[撒下19:20]；[撒下24:17]；[伯1:5]；
5）我犯罪（7）[出10:16]；[撒下12:13]；[伯10:14]；[詩41:4]；[詩51:4]；[耶37:18]；[彌7:9]；
6）得罪（7）[創40:1]；[出23:33]；[士11:27]；[撒上2:25]；[撒上19:4]；[撒上19:4]；[王上8:50]；
7）他所犯的罪（7）[利4:23]；[利4:28]；[利4:28]；[利4:35]；[利19:22]；[利19:22]；[王上14:16]；
8）犯的（6）[利5:6]；[王上14:22]；[王上16:19]；[王下21:17]；[結18:24]；[結33:16]；
9）陷在罪裏（6）[王上14:16]；[王上15:30]；[王上15:34]；[王上16:2]；[王上16:19]；[耶32:35]；
10）我們犯罪了（5）[民21:7]；[士10:15]；[撒上12:10]；[王上8:47]；[哀5:16]；
11）犯（5）[利5:10]；[利5:13]；[申9:18]；[王上15:30]；[結16:51]；
12）罪人（5）[箴13:22]；[傳2:26]；[傳7:26]；[傳8:12]；[傳9:18]；
13）犯的罪（4）[利5:5]；[利5:11]；[民12:11]；[民15:28]；
14）潔淨（4）[利8:15]；[民19:12]；[結43:23]；[結45:18]；
15）我有罪了（3）[民22:34]；[撒上26:21]；[王下18:14]；
16）我犯了罪（3）[撒上15:30]；[伯7:20]；[伯33:27]；
17）去犯罪（3）[王上22:52]；[王下10:29]；[王下21:16]；
18）你們犯罪（3）[申9:16]；[耶40:3]；[耶44:23]；
19）犯罪的（3）[王上8:46]；[代下6:36]；[傳7:20]；
20）犯了（3）[出32:30]；[出32:31]；[耶16:10]；
21）（那）罪人（2）[傳9:2]；[賽65:20]；
22）我們有罪了（2）[民14:40]；[代下6:37]；
23）去潔淨（2）[利14:52]；[民31:23]；
24）我犯罪了（2）[出9:27]；[撒上15:24]；
25）要潔淨（2）[民19:12]；[結43:22]；
26）是害（1）[箴20:2]；
27）我們所得罪（1）[賽42:24]；
28）所犯的罪（1）[耶33:8]；
29）因我們犯了罪（1）[賽64:5]；
30）就必犯罪（1）[箴19:2]；
31）和罪人呢（1）[箴11:31]；
32）而後退（1）[伯41:25]；
33）犯罪之輩（1）[伯24:19]；
34）所失（1）[伯5:24]；
35）罪人一起（1）[詩26:9]；
36）但得罪我的（1）[箴8:36]；
37）我得罪了（1）[創20:9]；
38）她犯罪（1）[耶50:14]；
39）乃是犯罪（1）[箴14:21]；
40）你也犯了罪（1）[結28:16]；
41）於是⋯潔淨自己（1）[民8:21]；
42）他們⋯所犯的罪（1）[利4:14]；
43）我便要⋯擔罪（1）[創44:32]；
44）我犯⋯罪（1）[王上18:9]；
45）求你⋯潔淨我（1）[詩51:7]；
46）定⋯有罪（1）[賽29:21]；
47）我們⋯一同犯罪（1）[詩106:6]；
48）我要⋯擔罪（1）[創43:9]；
49）我有⋯罪惡（1）[創31:36]；
50）他犯罪（1）[結33:12]；
51）就犯罪（1）[尼6:13]；
52）那犯罪的（1）[結18:20]；
53）你這樣潔淨（1）[結43:20]；
54）潔淨的（1）[結43:22]；
55）你就犯了罪（1）[何10:9]；
56）我們犯了罪（1）[但9:15]；
57）（那）犯罪的（1）[結18:4]；
58）而犯罪（1）[王下21:11]；
59）你們也要潔淨（1）[民31:20]；
60）都要潔淨自己（1）[民31:19]；
61）他的罪（1）[利5:7]；
62）你們就得罪（1）[民32:23]；
63）他就是犯罪（1）[利5:1]；
64）他所犯（1）[申19:15]；
65）他犯的罪（1）[利4:3]；
66）所犯的差錯（1）[利5:16]；
67）潔淨自己的（1）[民19:20]；
68）為罪獻上（1）[利9:15]；
69）他犯了罪（1）[利6:4]；
70）得潔淨的（1）[利14:49]；
71）而有的罪（1）[民6:11]；
72）他要潔淨自己（1）[民19:19]；
73）潔淨自己（1）[民19:13]；
74）以致你們犯罪（1）[申20:18]；
75）受玷污（1）[申24:4]；
76）罪（1）[王下3:3]；
77）我都賠上（1）[創31:39]；
78）陷在罪裏的（1）[王上16:26]；
79）使他們去犯（1）[王下17:21]；
80）那為罪（1）[利6:26]；
81）作贖罪祭（1）[代下29:24]；
82）去犯罪的（1）[王下23:15]；
83）陷入罪裏（1）[王上16:13]；
84）他們自己犯了罪（1）[王上16:13]；
85）以致犯罪（1）[撒上14:34]；
86）差（1）[士20:16]；
87）他們得罪（1）[王上8:33]；
88）就潔淨了（1）[出29:36]；
89）陷在罪中（1）[王上15:26]；
90）你得罪（1）[創20:6]；
91）都犯了罪（1）[尼1:6]