κᾰθᾰρ-ός, ά, όν,
Dor. καθαρός Tab.Heracl. 1.103, Orph. Fr. 32c. 1, Aeol. κόθ- Alc. Supp. 7.3; cf. ἀνακαθαίρω, κάθαρσις:
1 physically clean, spotless (not in Il.), εἵματα Od. 6.61, Archil. 12, cf. E. Cyc. 35, 562, etc.; of persons, cleanly, κ. περὶ ἐσθῆτα Arist. VV 1250b28, cf. Rh. 1416a23 (nisi leg. καθάριος).
2. clear of admixture, clear, pure, esp. of water, Βορυσθένης ῥέει καθαρὸς παρὰ θολεροῖσι Hdt. 4.53; κ. ὕδατα E. Hipp. 209 (anap.); ὕδωρ κ. ζῶν LXX [Num 5:17]; δρόσοι E. Ion 96 (anap.); κ. καὶ διαφανῆ ὑδάτια Pl. Phdr. 229b; οὖρον Hp. Epid. 1.3; διαχώρημα Id. Coac. 640; κ. φάος, φέγγος, Pi. P. 6.14, 9.90; πνεῦμα κ. οὐρανοῦ E. Hel. 867; κ. ἄρτος Hdt. 2.40; of white bread, Wilcken Chr. 30i17 (iii/ii B.C.), LXX Ju. 10.5, Gal. 6.482, 19.137; ἄλευρον κ. Diocl.Fr. 139; χρυσίον, ἀργύριον -ώτατον, Hdt. 4.166, cf. Theoc. 15.36, Ph. 1.190, etc.; σῖτος X. Oec. 18.8; σῖτος κ. ἀπὸ πάντων PHib. 1.84 (a). 6 (iv/iii B.C.): freq. of grain, winnowed, πυρὸς κ. ἄδολος POxy. 1124.11 (i A.D.), cf. PTeb. 93.36 (ii B.C.), etc.; of metals, etc., σίδηρος Sammelb. 4481.13 (v A.D.), etc.; ἀρωμάτων, καθαρῶν, λαχάνων, dub. sens. in PLond. 2.429.6 (iv A.D.); ἄκρατος καὶ κ. νοῦς X. Cyr. 8.7.30; χρόαι Arist. Sens. 440a5; φωναί Id. Aud. 801b28; of feelings, unmixed, μῖσος τῆς ἀλλοτρίας φύσεως Pl. Mx. 245d, cf. Thgn. 89; serene, φρήν E. Hipp. 1120 (lyr.).
3. clear of objects, free, ἐν καθαρῷ (sc. τόπῳ) in an open space, ἐν κ., ὅθι δὴ νεκύων διεφαίνετο χῶρος Il. 8.491; ἐν κ., ὅθι κύματ’ ἐπ’ ἠϊόνος κλύζεσκον 23.61, cf. Ph. 2.535 (Sup.); πάξαις Ἄλτιν ἐν κ. in a clearing, Pi. O. 10 (11). 45; ἐν κ. βῆναι to leave the way clear, S. OC 1575 (lyr.); ἐν τῷ κ. οἰκεῖν live in the clear sunshine, Pl. R. 520d; διὰ καθαροῦ ῥέειν, of a river whose course is clear and open, Hdt. 1.202: with Subst., κελεύθῳ ἐν κ. Pi. O. 6.23; χῶρος κ. Hdt. 1.132; ἐν κ. λειμῶνι Theoc. 26.5; ἐν ἡλίῳ κ. in the open sun, opp. σκιά, Pl. Phdr. 239c; ὥς σφι τὸ ἐμποδὼν ἐγεγόνεε κ. was cleared away, Hdt. 7.183; κ. ποιεῖσθαι τὰς ἀρκυστασίας set up the nets in open ground, X. Cyn. 6.6; freq. of land, free from weeds, etc., παραδώσω τὸν κλῆρον κ. ἀπὸ θρύου καλάμου ἀγρώστεως κτλ. PTeb. 105.59 (ii B.C.); παραδώσω τὰς ἀρούρας κ. ὡς ἔλαβον BGU 1018.25 (iii A.D.): c. gen., γλῶσσα καθαρὴ τῶν σημηΐων clear of the marks, Hdt. 2.38; καθαρὸν τῶν προβόλων, of a fort, Arr. An. 2.21.7; of documents, free from mistakes, POxy. 1277.13 (iii A.D.); χειρόγραφον κ. ἀπὸ ἐπιγραφῆς καὶ ἀλείφαδος free from interlineation and erasure, PLond. 2.178.13 (ii A.D.). metaph., free, clear of debt, liability, etc., κ. ἀπὸ δημοσίων καὶ παντὸς εἴδους BGU 197.14 (i A.D.); κ. ἀπό τε ὀφειλῆς καὶ ὑποθήκης καὶ παντὸς διεγγυήματος ib. 112.11 (i A.D.); γῆ κ. ἀπὸ γεωργίας βασιλικῆς POxy. 633 (ii A.D.); καθαρὰ ποιῆσαι to give a discharge, PAvrom. 1 A 22; in moral sense, free from pollution, καθαρῷ θανάτῳ an honourable death, Od. 22.462; θάνατον οὐ κ., τὸν δι’ ἀγχόνης Ph. 2.491; ψυχαὶ ἀρηΐφατοι καθαρώτεραι ἢ ἐνὶ νούσοις Heraclit. 136; freq. free from guilt or defilement, pure, χεῖρες A. Eu. 313 (anap.); καθαρὸς χεῖρας Hdt. 1.35, Antipho 5.11, And. 1.95; κ. παρέχειν τινὰ κατὰ τὸ σῶμα καὶ κατὰ τὴν ψυχήν Pl. Cra. 405b; ἔρχομαι ἐκ κοθαρῶν κοθαρά Orph Fr. 32c.1,al.; of ceremonial purity, καθαρὰ καὶ ἁγνή εἰμι ἀπό τε τῶν ἄλλων τῶν οὐ καθαρευόντων καὶ ἀπ’ ἀνδρὸς συνουσίας Jusj. ap. D. 59.78, cf. UPZ 78.28 (ii B.C.), LXX [Num 8:7],al.; ἀπὸ τάφου καὶ ἐκφορᾶς καθαροί SIG 982.9 (ii B.C.); esp. of persons purified after pollution, ἱκέτης προσῆλθες κ. A. Eu. 474, cf. S. OC 548, etc.; also of things, βωμοί, θύματα, δόμος, μέλαθρα, A. Supp. 654 (lyr.), E. IT 1163, 1231 (troch.), 693: c. gen., clear of or from.., κ. ἐγκλημάτων Antipho 2.4.11; ἀδικίας, κακῶν, Pl. R. 496d, Cra. 404a; ὁ τῶν κακῶν κ. τόπος Id. Tht. 177a; κ. τὰς χεῖρας φόνου Id. Lg. 864e; Κόρινθον.. ἀποδεῖξαι τῶν μιαιφόνων καθαράν X. HG 4.4.6; κ. εἰμι ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος πάντων [Act 20:26], cf. D.C. 37.24; κ. ἀπὸ ὅρκου LXX [Gen 24:8]; ceremonially pure, of food, ὄσπριον Hdt. 2.37; of victims, LXX [Gen 7:2],al., PGen. 32.9 (ii A.D.), etc.; κ. ἡμέραι, opp. ἀποφράδες, Pl. Lg. 800d. in act. sense, purifying, cleansing, λέβης Pi. O. 1.26; θέειον Theoc. 24.96.
4. of birth, pure, genuine, σπέρμα θεοῦ Pi. P. 3.15; πόλις E. Ion 673; τῶν Ἀθηναίων ὅπερ ἐστράτευε καθαρὸν ἐξῆλθε, i.e. were citizens of pure blood, Th. 5.8; οἱ τῷ γένει μὴ κ. Arist. Ath. 13.5; κ. ἀστοί Sch. Ar. Ach. 506; καθαρόν a real, genuine saying, Ar. V. 1015; κ. Τίμων a Timon pure and simple, Id. Av. 1549; κ. δοῦλος Antiph. 9 (glossed by ἀπηκριβωμένος, AB 105); ζημία κ., of a person, Alciphro 3.21.
5. of language, pure, ὀνόματα, λέξις, D.H. Comp. 1, 3; διάλεκτος Id. Dem. 5; so of writers, [ Λυσίας] κ. τὴν ἑρμηνείαν Id. Lys. 2; [ Ξενοφῶν] κ. τοῖς ὀνόμασι Id. Pomp. 4; also, clear, simple, σεμνὸς καὶ κ. Jul. Or. 2.77a. Gramm., preceded by a vowel, pure, D.T. 635.10, 639.5, Hdn.Gr. 2.930, al.; containing a ’pure’ syllable, ib. 928.
6. without blemish, sound, ὁ κ. στρατός, τὸ κ. τοῦ στρατοῦ, the sound portion of the army, Hdt. 1.211, 4.135; v. supr. 4.
7. clear, exact, ἂν κ. ὦσιν αἱ ψῆφοι if the accounts are exactly balanced, D. 18.227 (sed cf. καθαιρέω 11.5). II Adv. purely, ἁγνῶς καὶ καθαρῶς h.Ap. 121, Hes. Op. 337: Comp. -ωτέρως Porph. Abst. 2.44.
2. of birth, κ. γεγονέναι Hdt. 1.147; αἱ κ. Ἑλληνίδες Sor. 1.112, cf. Luc. Rh. [Pro 24:1-34].
3. with clean hands, honestly, σὺν δίκῃ.. καὶ κ. Thgn. 198; δικαίως καὶ κ. D. 9.62; κ. τε καὶ μετρίως τὸν βίον διεξελθεῖν Pl. Phd. 108c.
4. clearly, plainly, λέγειν Ar. V. 631, cf. E. Rh. 35 (anap.); λέξις κ. καὶ ἀκριβῶς ἔχουσα Isoc. 5.4; κ. γνῶναι Ar. V. 1045, Pl. Phd. 66e; εἴσεσθαι ibid.; καθαρώτατα ἀποδεῖξαι Id. Cra. 426b.
5. of language, purely, correctly, -ώτερον διαλέγεσθαι Plu. 2.1116e, cf. Luc. Im. 15.
6. entirely, Ar. Av. 591; κ. τις ὢν ἀόργητος Phld. Ir. p.71 W.; κ. ἐς ἐφήβους τελεῖν D.C. 36.25, cf. Cod.Just. 1.4.34.9: Sup. -ώτατα in its purest form, Phld. Piet. 66.
G2513 — καθαρός
καθαρά, καθαρόν; (akin to Latincastus, incestus, English chaste, chasten; Curtius, § 26; Vanicek, p. 177); from Homer down; the Sept. mostly for טָהור; clean, pure (free from the admixture or adhesion of anything that soils, adulterates, corrupts);
a. physically: [Mat 23:26]; [Mat 27:59]; [Heb 10:22] (23); [Rev 15:6]; [Rev 19:8], [Rev 19:14], and Rec. in [Rev 22:1]; χρυσίον, purified by fire, [Rev 21:18], [Rev 21:21]; in a similitude, like a vine cleansed by pruning and so fitted to bear fruit, [Joh 15:3]; ὁ λελουμένος... καθαρός ὅλος (where the idea winch Christ expresses figuratively is as follows: 'he whose inmost nature has been renovated does not need radical renewal, but only to be cleansed from every several fault into which he may fall through contact with the unrenewed world'), [Joh 13:10].
b. in a levitical sense; clean, i. e. the use of which is not forbidden, imparts no uncleanness: πάντα καθαρά, [Rom 14:20]; [Tit 1:15].
c. ethically; free from corrupt desire, from sin and guilt: [Tit 1:15]; ὑμεῖς καθαροί, [Joh 13:10] (11); οἱ καθαροί τῇ καρδία (as respects heart (Winer's Grammar, § 31, 6 a.)), [Mat 5:8] (καθαρός χεῖρας, Herodotus 1, 35; κατά τό σῶμα καί κατά τήν ψυχήν, Plato, Crat., p. 405 b.); free from every admixture of what is false, sincere, ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας, [1Ti 1:5]; [2Ti 2:22], and R G in [1Pe 1:22]; ἐν καθαρά συνειδήσει, [1Ti 3:9]; [2Ti 1:3]; genuine (joined with ἀμίαντος) θρησκεία, [Jam 1:27]; blameless, innocent, [Act 18:6]. Hebraistically with the addition of ἀπό τίνος, pure from, i. e. unstained with the guilt of, anything (Winers Grammar, § 30, 6 a.; Buttmann, 157f (137f)): ἀπό τοῦ αἵματος, [Act 20:26]; Susanna 46 Alex., cf. [Gen 24:8]; Tobit 3:14; καθαρᾶς ἔχειν τάς χεῖρας ἀπό τοῦ φόνου, Josephus, Antiquities 4, 8, 16; in classical Greek with a simple genitive, as φόνου, Plato, legg. 9, p. 864 e.; cf. Passow, under the word, p. 1528{a}; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, 3); Kühner, § 421, 4 ii., p. 344.
d. in a levitical and ethical sense: πάντα καθαρά ὑμῖν, [Luk 11:41], on which see ἔνειμι. (Synonym: see εἰλικρινής; cf. Westcott on [1Jo 3:3].)
καθαρός , - ά , - όν ,
[in LXX chiefly for H2889;]
pure, clean.
1. Physically: [Mat 23:26]; [Mat 27:59], [Joh 13:10-11] ( fig .), [Joh 15:3] ( fig ., as of a vine cleansed by pruning), [Heb 10:22], [Rev 15:6]; [Rev 19:8]; [Rev 19:14]; [Rev 21:18]; [Rev 21:21].
2. Ceremonially: [Luk 11:41], [Rom 14:20], [Tit 1:15].
3. Ethically;
(a) of persons: [Joh 13:16], [Act 18:6], [Tit 1:15]; ό κ . τῇ καρδίᾳ ( καθαρὸς χεῖρας , Hdt ., i, 35), [Mat 5:8]; seq . ἀπό ( cl . c . gen . simp.; ΒΙ ., § 36, 11; Deiss., BS , 196; MM , Exp., xv), [Act 20:26];
(b) of things: καρδία , 1Ti 1:6 , [2Ti 2:22]; συνείδησις , 1Ti 3:9 , [2Ti 1:3]; θρησκεία , [Jas 1:27]. †
SYN.: see ( ἁγνός = G53)