ἐφίστημι,

Ion. ἐπ-: causal in pres., impf., fut., and aor. 1 (also in the later pf. and plpf. ἐφέστᾰκα, ἐφεστάκειν [ᾰ ], v. infr. 11.1, VI. 2):

I set, place upon, τεῖχος τείχει Th. 2.75; τι ἐπί τινος Pl. Criti. 116a; τι ἐπί τινι X. HG 3.1.7; ὅρους ἐπὶ οἰκίαν D. 41.6: metaph., ἐ. τὴν ἐκεῖ μοῖραν βίῳ Pl. R. 498c; ἀνάγκην τινί D.H. 1.16.

II

1. set over, μ’ Ἀπόλλων τῷδ’ ἐπέστησεν τέλει A. Ag. 1202; φύλακ’ ἐπέστησεν βοτ Id. Supp. 303; ἐ. τινὰ ὕπαρχόν τισι Hdt. 5.27; τινὰ παιδαγωγόν τινι Pl. Alc. 1.122b, cf. X. Lac. 2.1; τινὰ πεντηκοντόρῳ Id. An. 5.1.15; τινὰ τοῖς πράγμασι Isoc. 2.27; τὸν νόμον Arist. Pol. 1292b28; ἐπὶ [συμμάχων] τινά Plb. 2.65.9; ἐφεστάκει τινὰς πρὸς χρείαν Id. 10.20.5; κύνα ἐπὶ ποίμνην D. 26.22; τινὰ ἐπὶ τὰς εὐθύνας Id. 18.112: c. inf., βουλὴν ἐπιμελεῖσθαι τῆς εὐκοσμίας Isoc. 7.37: - Pass., to be appointed, instituted, PTeb. 61 (b).358 (ii B. C.), etc.

2. bring in, ἡ τύχη ἐπιστήσασα Ῥωμαίους Plb. 15.20.6; Φίλιππον ἐ. τοῖς πράγμασι to let him have a hand in the business, D. 19.34.

3. bring in, cause, occasion, κατάπληξίν τισι D.S. 14.62; κίνδυνον, ἀγῶνά τινι, App. Hann. 55, Syr. 10; ἡ τύχη λοιμικὴν διάθεσιν ἐπέστησε Γαλάταις Plb. 2.20.7.

III

1. set up, establish, ἀγῶνα Hdt. 1.167, 6.38: c. acc. et inf., ordain, prescribe, ὁ νόμος ἐφίστησι τὰ λοιπὰ κρίνειν τοὺς ἄρχοντας Arist. Pol. 1287a26; ἐπιστήσατε quid facere debeamus, Plin. 6.31.12. set by or near to, ἐπιστήσαντες κύκλῳ τὸ σῆμα ἱππέας Hdt. 4.72; esp. place in rear, of troops, τὴν φάλαγγα τούτοις κατόπιν ἐ. Plb. 1.33.6, cf. 1.26. 14. stop, cause to halt, ἐπιστῆσαι τὸ στράτευμα X. Cyr. 4.2.18; τὴν ὁδόν, τὴν πορείαν, D.S. 17.112, Plu. Cim. 1; τοὺς ἱππέας τοῦ πρόσω Arr. An. 5.16.1; ἐ. τὴν ὁρμήν check it, Plb. 16.34.2; τὴν διήγησιν interrupt it, Id. 7.11.1; check, ἔμμηνα Dsc. 1.125, cf. POxy. 1088.20 (i A. D.): abs., ἐπιστήσας (sc. ἑαυτόν) having halted, X. An. 1.8.15: - Pass., to be checked, stopped, PPetr. 2p.62 (iii B. C.); ἐὰν ἐφίστηται ἡ κοιλία Sor. 1.122. ἐφίστημι τὴν διάνοιαν κατά τι, περί τινος, fix one’s mind upon it, attend to it, Isoc. 9.69, Arist. Metaph. 987b3, Thphr. Char.Prooem., etc.; τὴν σκέψιν περί τινος Arist. Metaph. 1090a2; τὸν λόγον Id. Juv. 470b5; τὸν νοῦν τινι D.S. 12.1; αὑτὸν ἐπιστήσας ἐπί τι Arist. Top. 135a26: ἐπιστῆσαι abs., give attention, τούτοις ἐπιστήσαντες Id. Mu. 391a26; περί τινος Id. GC 315b18; περί τι Id. HA 487a13; ἐπί τι Plb. 1.65.5, etc.; ἐπιστήσασι μᾶλλον λεκτέον one must speak with more care and accuracy, Arist. Pol. 1335b3, cf. EN 1144a22; πότερον.. ἤ Jul. ad Them. 265b; ὅτι.. Sor. 1.97 (hence ἐπίσταμαι, ἐπιστήμη, qq.v.).

2. c. acc. pers., arrest the attention of, Plu. TG 17, cf. 2.17e, Gal. 18(2).105; ἐπιστῆσαί τινα ἐπί τι call his attention to, Plb. 2.61.11, cf. 4.34.9; τοῦ καιροῦ τοῦ κατὰ τὴν διήγησιν ἐφεστακότος ἡμᾶς ἐπί τι having led us to.., Id. 10.21.2, cf. 31.23.1: hence, object, Plot. 1.4.5. intr. in Med. and Pass., ἐφίσταμαι, aor. 1 ἐπεστάθην [ S. ] Fr. [1127.5], E. Hipp. 819, IT 1375, etc., with pf., plpf. (Aeol. plpf. 3 sg. ἐπήστᾱκε Schwyzer 646.16 (Cyme, ii B. C.): Dor. plpf. 3 pl. ἐφεστάκεον [ᾱ ] SIG 241.146 (Delph., iv B. C.)), and aor. 2 Act.: (the causal tenses are not found in Hom., the Med. or Pass. only in impf. ἐφίστατο Il. 11.644; elsewh. always aor. 2 or pf. Act. with inf. ἐφεστάμεναι Od. 24.380): -

1. stand upon, τεῖχος.. ῥύατ’ ἐφεσταότες Il. 18.515; πύργῳ ἐφεστήκει 6.373; δίφρῳ ἐφεσταότος 17.609, etc.; ἐπέστη βηλῷ ἔπι λιθέῳ 23.201; ἡ.. ἐπισταθεῖσα ὀρθή Arist. Metaph. 1051a28; ἐπὶ τὰς.. σχεδίας Plb. 3.46.8.

2. to be imposed upon, μόχθων τῶν ἐφεστώτων ἐμοί S. Tr. 1170.

3. stand on the top or surface, τὸ ἐπιστάμενον [τοῦ γάλακτος ], i. e. cream, Hdt. 4.2; λιπαρότητες ἄνω ἐφιστάμεναι Hp. Prog. 12; ἐ. καθάπερ ὀρρὸς [γάλακτι ] Dsc. 1.72; of vapour, form, Arist. Juv. 469b31. II to be set over, ἐφίσταται πύλαις A. Th. 538; οἷός τε πολλοῖς προβατίοις ἐφεστάναι Ar. V. 955; οἷοι νῷν ἐφεστᾶσι σκοποί S. Aj. 945; ἄρχοντες ἐφ’ ἑκάστῳ μέρει ἐ. X. Hier. 9.5; ἐπί τινος Pl. R. 460b; ἐπὶ τῆς πολιτείας D. 19.298: rarely c. gen., τὸν ἐπεστεῶτα τῆς διώρυχος Hdt. 7.117; ὅσοι θεοῦ χρημάτων ἐφέστασαν E. Andr. 1098: abs. in part., ὁ ἐφεστηκώς the person in authority, the officer in command, X. Oec. 21.9; οἱ ἐφεστῶτες, Ion. οἱ ἐπεστεῶτες, Hdt. 2.148, S. Aj. 1072, X. Mem. 3.5.19.

III

1. stand by or near, ὣς πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν Il. 13.133; ἐπ’ ἄκρῳ χείλει ἐφεσταότες, ἐ. παρὰ τάφρῳ, 12.52, 199; θύρῃσιν ἐφίστατο 11.644; ἐπὶ τὰς πύλας, ἐπὶ τὰς θύρας, Hdt. 3.77, Pl. Smp. 212d; ἐπὶ τοῖς προθύροις Id. Phlb. 64c; esp. of dreams or visions, appear to, εὕδοντι ἐπέστη ὄνειρος Hdt. 1.34, cf. 7.14; ὄναρ κεφαλῆφιν ἐπέστη Il. 10.496; ἐπιστᾶσα τῆς νυκτός Isoc. 10.65; ἄγγελος ἐπέστη αὐτοῖς.Luk 2:9: abs., stand by, Hdt. 3.78; πολλῶν ἐφεστώτων App. Syr. 10; ἤμην ἐφεστώς Act 22:20; οἱ λέβητες ἐπεστεῶτες Hdt. 1.59; ὁ ἀντίδικος ἐφέστηκε Pl. Tht. 172e, cf. Aeschin. 3.79; without hostile sense, ἐπέστης S. OC 558, cf. Luk 2:38, etc.; of troops, to be posted after or behind, κατόπιν ἐ. τοῖς θηρίοις Plb. 16.18.7.

2. in hostile sense, stand against, τὰ φρονέοντες ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν Il. 15.703, cf. 5.624; ἔνθα μένος πνείοντες ἐφέστασαν Od. 22.203, cf. 24.380; appear before, of an army, ἐπὶ τῇ πόλι Hdt. 4.203; ἐπὶ τὸ βασίλειον Isoc. 9.58; come upon suddenly or by surprise, Th. 8.69; ἐξαίφνης ἐπιστὰς τοῖς γιγνομένοις Isoc. 8.41, cf. D. 6.5, Luc. DDeor. 17.1; εἰς τοὺς ὄχλους Isoc. 18.9; so of events, etc., αἰφνίδιος αὐτοῖς ἐ. ὄλεθρος 1Th 5:3, cf. Luk 21:34; διὰ τὸν ἐφεστῶτα ζόφον Plb. 18.20.7; διὰ τὸν ὑετὸν τὸν ἐφεστῶτα Act 28:2.

3. metaph., of events, spring upon one, occur, πρίν μοι τύχη τοιάδ’ ἐπέστη S. OT 777, cf. Th. 3.82; in pf., impend, be at hand, τὸν ἐφεστηκότα κίνδυνον τῇ πόλει D. 18.176; ὁ καιρός.. ἐφέστηκε 2Ti 4:6; περὶ τοῦ βασιλέως.. ὁ λόγος ἐφέστηκε νῦν Arist. Pol. 1287a2, cf. Metaph. 999a25; of a more remote future, to be in store, lie in wait for, κῆρες ἐφεστᾶσιν θανάτοιο Il. 12.326.

1. halt, stop, as in a march, ἄλλοτε καὶ ἄλλοτε ἐφιστάμενος X. An. 2.4.26 (cf. A. V); ἐπιστὰς περιέμεινα Pl. Smp. 172a: c. gen., ἐ. τοῦ πλοῦ Th. 2.91. fix one’s mind on, give one’s attention to, σφαγῇ E. Andr. 547; τῇ τρύγῃ PFlor. 236.4 (iii A. D.); ἐπί τι Isoc. 10.29, D. 18.60; τοῖς πράγμασιν.. ἐπιστάντες Id. 4.12; ἐπιστάς abs. (sc. τοῖς πράγμασι), Id. 18.233; διὰ ταῦτ’ ἐγρήγορεν, ἐφέστηκεν Id. 6.19. aor. 1 Med. in causal sense, set up, τὰς θύρας X. Ages. 8.7; set, post, φρουροὺς ἐπεστησάμην Id. Cyr. 8.2.19; τέλος ἐπιστήσασθαι, Lat. finem imponere, Pl. Lg. 802a: pres. is once so used, τοῦ με τήνδ’ ἐφίστασαι βάσιν; why dost thou cause me to halt ? S. Tr. 339.

2. ἐπιστησάμενος, intr., having been ἐπιστάτης, IGRom. 4.1265 (Thyatira).

ἐφίστημι ephistēmi 21x

    trans. to place upon, over, close by;

    intrans. to stand by or near, Luk 2:38; Luk 4:39;

    to come suddenly upon, Luk 2:9; Luk 24:4;

    to come upon, assault, Act 6:12; Act 17:5;

    to come near, approach, Luk 10:40;

    to impend, be instant, to be at hand, 1Th 5:3;

    to be present, Act 28:2;

    to be pressing, urgent, earnest, 2Ti 4:2 appear.

G2186 — ἐφίστημι

: 2 aorist ἐπέστην, participle ἐπιστάς, imperative ἐπίστηθι; perfect participle ἐφεστώς; to place at, place upon, place over; in the N. T. only in the middle (present indicative 3 person singular ἐπίσταται (for ἐφίσταται), 1Th 5:3 T Tr WH; see references under the word ἀφειδον) and the intransitive tenses of the active, viz. perfect and 2 aorist (see ἀνίστημι); to stand by, be present: Luk 2:38; Act 22:20; ἐπάνω with the genitive of person to stand over one, place oneself above, Luk 4:39; used especially of persons coming upon one suddenly: simply, Luk 10:40; Luk 20:1; Act 6:12; Act 22:13; Act 23:27; of an angel, Act 12:7; with the dative of person, Act 4:1; Act 23:11; of the advent of angels, Luk 2:9; Luk 24:4 (of Hephaestus, Lucian, dial. deor. 17, 1; frequently of dreams, as Homer, Iliad 10, 496; 23, 106; Herodotus 1, 34; others); with the dative of place, Act 17:5; followed by ἐπί; with the accusative of place, Act 10:17; Act 11:11; of evils coming upon one: with the dative of person, 1Th 5:3 (see above); ἐπί τινα, Luk 21:34 (Wis. 6:9 Wis. 19:1; Sophocles O. R. 777; Thucydides 3, 82). equivalent to to be at hand i. e. be ready: 2Ti 4:2, cf. Leo at the passage (Euripides, Andr. 547; Demosthenes, p. 245, 11). to be at hand i. e. impend: of time, 2Ti 4:6. to come on, of rain, Act 28:2. (Compare: κατεφιστημι, συνεφίστημι.)

ἐφ - ίστημι ,

[in LXX for H5324 ni ., H7896, H5414, etc.;]

1. causal in pres., impf ., fut ., 1 aor. , to set upon or by, set up, etc. ( Æsch ., Hdt ., Arist ., al ).

2. Intrans . in mid , and in pf . and 2 aor. act. ;

(a) to stand upon;

(b) to be set over;

( c ) to stand by, be present, be at hand, come on or upon: Luk 2:38; Luk 10:40; Luk 20:1, Act 6:12; Act 12:7; Act 22:13; Act 22:20; Act 23:27 , 2Ti 4:2; c . dat . pars., Luk 2:9; Luk 24:4, Act 4:1; Act 23:11; c . dat . bc., Act 17:5; seq . έπί , c . acc , Act 10:17; Act 11:11; of rain, Act 28:2; of evils impending, c. dat. pers ., 1Th 5:3; seq . έπί ( Wis 6:9 ), Luk 21:34; of time, 2Ti 4:6 ( cf. κατ -, συν - εφίστημι ). †

詞類次數：動詞（21）

原文字根：在上-站 相當於：H5324（הֻצַּב‎ / נָצַב‎ / נִצָּב‎） H5975（עָמַד‎） H6485（פָּקַד‎ / פְּקוּדִים‎ / פֶּקֶר‎） H7760（שׂוּמָה‎ / שִׂים‎）

字義溯源：在側，站在旁邊，行近，出現，在場，來到那裏，專心力行，進前來，上前來，闖進，臨到，到來，下去，站；由（G1909（ἐπί）*=在⋯上）與（G2476（ἵστημι）*=站）組成。參讀G1448（ἐγγίζω）同義字

同源字：1）G2186（ἐφίστημι）在側 2）G2476（ἵστημι）站，站著

出現次數：總共（21）；路（7）；徒（11）；帖前（1）；提後（2）

譯字彙編：

1）站在旁邊（3）徒12:7；徒22:13；徒22:20；

2）站在⋯旁邊（2）路2:9；徒23:11；

3）到了（1）提後4:6；

4）要專心力行（1）提後4:2；

5）他⋯站在（1）路4:39；

6）我就⋯下去（1）徒23:27；

7）來到⋯那裏（1）徒4:1；

8）站⋯旁邊（1）路24:4；

9）臨到（1）帖前5:3；

10）闖進（1）徒17:5；

11）臨（1）路21:34；

12）上前來（1）路20:1；

13）進前來（1）路10:40；

14）來（1）徒6:12；

15）站（1）徒10:17；

16）她進前來（1）路2:38；

17）已經站（1）徒11:11；

18）已到來（1）徒28:2