H3898. lacham

I. [לָחַם‎]₁₇₁ verb fight, do battle (Late Hebrew Hithpa`el; ואלתחם‎ MI<sup>11.15.19</sup> perhaps = order the battle, compare Nö<sup>ZMG xl. 1886, 721</sup>; Arabic fit close together, so Late Hebrew לחם‎ Pi`el, Syriac Pa`el unite, fit also threaten; Gerber^{Verb. Denom. 59} thinks verb in Hebrew denominative from מִלְחָמָה‎ battle-line, but dubious); —

Qal (poetry) only Imperative masculine singular and Participle active — fight, do battle with, rare, only Psalms, apparently later usage: — אֶתלֹֿחֲמָ֑י לְחַם‎ Psa 35:1 do battle with those battling with me (dubious whether את‎ is accusative sign compare preposition with, compare Ol; || אֶתיְֿרִיבַי רִיבָה‎); לִי לֹחֲמִים‎ 56:3 doing battle against me; לֹחֵם‎ 56:2 as substantive fighter.

Niph`al₁₆₇ Perfect נִלְחַם‎ Judg 9:17 +, וְנִלְחַמְתָּ֫‎ 11:8; 1Sam 15:18, וְנִלְחַמְנוּ‎ Deut 1:41 consecutive, etc.; Imperfect יִלָּהֵם‎ Exod 14:14; Deut 1:30; לָ֑נוּ יִלָּ֫חֶם‎ Neh 4:14, וַיִּלָּ֫חֶם‎ Exod 17:8 19t.; 3 feminine singular תִּלָּחֵם‎ Zech 14:14; 3masculine plural תִּיִּלָּֽחֲמוּ‎ Judg 1:5 13t.; suffix וַיִּלָּֽחֲמוּנִי‎ Psa 109:3; 2masculine plural תִּלָּֽחֲמוּ‎ 1Kin 22:31 4t.; תִּלָּֽחֲמוּן‎ 12:24.; etc.; Imperative הִלָּחֵם‎ Exod 17:9; 1Sam 18:17; בּוֺ הִלָּ֫חֶם‎ Judg 9:38; plural הִלָּֽחֲמוּ‎ 2Kin 10:3; Neh 4:8; Infinitive absolute נִלְחֹם‎ Judg 11:25; construct הִלָּחֵם‎ 1:9 35t.; בּוֺ הִלָּ֫חֶם‎ etc., Num 22:11 6t.; suffix הִלָּחֲמוֺ‎ 2Kin 8:29 3t.; Participle נִלְחָם‎ Exod 14:24 10t.; plural נִלְחָמִים‎ Josh 10:25 10t. (but 1Sam 31:1 read rather נִלְחֲמוּ‎, so || 1Chr 10:1 We Klo Bu, compare Dr); — engage in battle (reciprocal), sometimes wage war (Josh 10:5; Judg 11:5; 1Kin 14:19; 22:46; 2Kin 6:8; 14:28 etc.), often with בְּ‎ of enemy (60 t.) Exod 1:10; 17:9-10, Num 21:23, 26; 22:11 (all E), Judg 11:8, 25; 1Sam 15:18; 2Sam 8:10 + (49 t.); less often with בְּ‎ of city attacked or besieged Judg 9:45; 1Sam 23:1; 2Sam 12:26-27, 29; Isa 20:1; Josh 10:31 (D), 1Kin 20:1; Neh 4:2; of tower Judges 1:52; followed by בְּאַרְצִי‎ Judg 11:12; also with עִם‎ of enemy (26 t.): 5:20; 11:4-5, 20; Josh 11:5 (JE), 1Sam 13:5; 17:19, also 17:32-33, (of single combat), Deut 20:4; Josh 9:2 (both D), 2Kin 13:12; 14:15; 2Chr 11:1; 17:10; 27:5; Dan 10:20; 11:11 +; with עִם‎ of city Josh 10:29 (D), 19:47 (JE); c אֶתֿ‎ = with, of enemy, 24:8 (E), 1Sam 17:9 (single combat), Jer 21:5; 1Kin 20:23; 2Kin 19:9 = Isa 37:9; Jer 37:10; also Judg 12:4; 2Sam 11:17; 21:15; 1Kin 22:31; 2Kin 8:2; 9:15; Jer 21:4; 32:5; 33:5; 2Chr 18:30; 22:6, and with אוֺתָם‎ (= אִתָּם‎) Josh 10:25 (D), 1Kin 20:25 (Kö^{Lgb. ii, 296}); with עִל‎, against, of enemy only Jer 21:2; elsewhere (16 t.) of city: Josh 10:5 (JE), Isa 7:1; 2Kin 12:18; 19:8 = Isa 37:8; especially D and Je: Deut 20:10, 19; Josh 10:34, 36, 38 (all D), Jer 32:24, 29; 34:1, 7, 8, 22; with אֶלֿ‎ of enemy 1:19; 15:20; with suffix וַיִּלָּֽחֲמוּנִי‎ Psa 109:3 and they have fought against me; with יָ֑חַד‎ i.e. fight together = with (against) one another 1Sam 17:10; absolute with accusative of congnate meaning with verb מִלְחָמוֺת‎ fight battles 8:20; 18:17; 25:28; 2Chr 32:8; absolute elsewhere Judg 5:19 (twice in verse); 5:20; Deut 1:41; Zech 10:5 26t. + לְהִלָּחֵ֑ם עָלָיו וַיָּסֻרוּ‎ 1Kin 22:32; with עַל‎ for, in behalf of, Judg 9:17; 2Kin 10:3; Neh 4:8; with לְ‎ = id., Exod 14:14 (J), 14:25 (J; + בְּ‎ of enemy), Deut 1:30; 3:22; 20:4 (+ עִם‎ of enemy, see above), Josh 10:14, 42; 23:3, 10 (all D), Neh 4:14 לְהִלּ ׳יָכֹל‎ be able to fight, with את‎ of enemy 1Sam 17:9, with בְּ‎ of enemy Num 22:11, = be successful in fighting, prevail against; so with עַל‎ of city Isa 7:1, and absolute 2Kin 16:5 (after עָל וַיָּצֻרוּ‎ besiege).

II. [לָחַם‎] verb use as food, eat, poetic (so Thes Buhl, compare Frä³⁰ Guidi^{Della Sede 33}; this would explain different between לֶחֶם‎ and ; yet verb rare and chiefly late); —

Qal Perfect3plural לָֽחֲמוּ‎ Prov 4:17; Imperfect2masculine singular תִּלְחַם‎ 23:6, 1singular אֶלְחַם‎ Psa 141:4; Imperative masculine plural לַחֲמוּ‎ Prov 9:5; Infinitive construct לְחוֺם‎ 23:1; Passive participle plural construct לְחֻמֵי‎ Deut 32:24; eat (mostly Proverbs), absolute Prov 23:1; followed by accusative of congnate meaning with verb לֶחֶם‎ 4:17; 23:6; followed by בְּלַחְמִי‎ 9:5; followed by בְּמַנְעַמֵּיהֶם‎ Psa 141:4 eat of their dainties; רֶשֶׁף לְחֻמֵי‎ Deut 32:24 (poem) eaten up with the Fire-bolt, figurative of pestilence (Dr).

詞類次數：動詞（177）

原文字根：咀嚼

字義溯源：寄託於，意即：消滅，示意：攻擊*，攻，攻打，打仗，毀滅，吞喫，交戰，戰敗，擊敗，戰勝，勝過，得勝，爭戰，爭

出現次數：總共（176）；出（6）；民（4）；申（7）；書（17）；士（31）；撒上（21）；撒下（9）；王上（9）；王下（12）；代上（3）；代下（15）；尼（3）；詩（6）；箴（4）；賽（7）；耶（16）；但（2）；亞（4）

譯字彙編：

1）爭戰（71）出17:8；出17:9；出17:10；民21:1；民21:23；民21:26；民22:11；申1:30；申1:41；申1:42；申20:4；書9:2；書10:5；書10:14；書10:42；書11:5；書24:11；士1:1；士1:3；士1:5；士1:9；士5:19；士5:19；士5:20；士5:20；士8:1；士9:17；士11:8；士11:9；士11:20；士11:25；士11:32；士12:1；士12:4；撒上13:5；撒上17:9；撒上17:10；撒上17:32；撒上31:1；王上12:21；王上12:24；王上14:19；王上22:31；王上22:32；王上22:45；王下3:21；王下6:8；王下10:3；王下13:12；王下14:28；王下19:9；代上10:1；代上18:10；代下11:1；代下11:4；代下13:12；代下17:10；代下18:30；代下18:31；代下20:17；代下35:22；尼4:20；賽37:9；耶32:5；耶33:5；耶41:12；耶51:30；但10:20；但11:11；亞14:3；亞14:14；

2）攻（14）書10:29；書19:47；士1:8；士10:18；士11:4；士11:5；士11:12；士11:27；撒下12:26；撒下12:29；王下12:17；王下19:8；賽37:8；耶37:8；

3）打仗（13）撒上17:19；撒上19:8；撒上23:5；撒上28:1；撒下10:17；撒下11:17；撒下11:20；王上20:23；王下8:29；王下9:15；代下22:6；代下27:5；代下35:22；

4）攻擊（13）出1:10；出14:25；書24:9；撒上23:1；撒上28:15；撒上29:8；代下26:6；代下35:20；尼4:8；詩56:1；詩56:2；賽19:2；賽63:10；

5）攻打（12）申20:10；申20:19；書10:31；書10:34；書10:36；書10:38；士9:45；士9:52；士10:9；士12:3；耶34:7；耶34:22；

6）爭（4）撒上8:20；撒上18:17；撒上25:28；代下32:8；

7）（那）爭戰（3）申3:22；書23:3；書23:10；

8）戰鬥（2）撒上17:33；亞14:3；

9）喫（2）箴9:5；箴23:6；

10）要攻打（2）書10:25；王上20:1；

11）交戰（2）士9:39；賽30:32；

12）來攻擊（1）耶21:2；

13）那些攻（1）耶32:24；

14）（那）攻（1）耶32:29；

15）他們要攻擊（1）耶1:19；

16）親自攻擊（1）耶21:5；

17）打仗的（1）耶21:4；

18）來攻（1）耶34:1；

19）他們必攻擊（1）耶15:20；

20）他們⋯爭戰（1）書24:8；

21）他們⋯打仗（1）代上19:17；

22）你們⋯爭戰（1）尼4:14；

23）求你⋯交戰（1）詩35:1；

24）他們⋯喫（1）箴4:17；

25）我們就能⋯打仗（1）王上20:25；

26）我們好去⋯爭戰（1）士11:6；

27）他們必爭戰（1）亞10:5；

28）必⋯爭戰（1）出14:14；

29）就攻（1）賽20:1；

30）（那）爭戰的（1）耶37:10；

31）與我交戰的（1）詩35:1；

32）他攻擊（1）撒上14:47；

33）你當攻擊（1）撒上15:18；

34）打仗了（1）撒下2:28；

35）於是這些人就來攻擊（1）撒上12:9；

36）就去爭戰（1）撒上4:10；

37）交戰吧（1）士9:38；

38）他要堅持的（1）士11:25；

39）你們要爭戰（1）撒上4:9；

40）他攻（1）撒下8:10；

41）我攻（1）撒下12:27；

42）攻打我（1）詩109:3；

43）叫我喫（1）詩141:4；

44）席（1）箴23:1；

45）戰敗（1）代下20:29；

46）戰勝（1）王下16:5；

47）接戰（1）撒下21:15；

48）爭戰的事（1）王下14:15；

49）擊敗（1）賽7:1