H8138. shanah
I. [שָׁנָה] verb change (Late Hebrew Pi`el, etc.; Ecclus 42:24; etc.; Assyrian šanû, change, Aramaic שְׁנָא, Nabataean Ethpa`al Lzb379; Syriac , especially mentally = grow insane; compare (probably) Late Hebrew שָׁנָה year, = Phoenician שת שנת,; MI2, 8 שת; Assyrian šattu (compare Muss-ArnJBL xi (1892), 73 n.); Arabic ; Aramaic שַׁתָּא שְׁנַא,, , ; Old Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene שנן שת, שנת, שנתא, Lzb379f.; on year from changing seasons, see PhilippiZMG xxxii (1878), 79 f. BaZMG xll (1887), 612, 621, 636 (especially against DHMVIme Orient. Congr. ii. 1, 452 who proposes biliteral √), compare Thes; a daring suggestion by JenZA vii (1892), 177); —
Qal Perfect1singular שָׁנִיתִי לאֹ [Mal 3:6] I am ׳׳י, I do not change: Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׁנֶא (Ges§ 75rr) [Lam 4:1] how is the fine gold changed (si vera lectio; LöhrNow יִשָּׁנֵא; gloss on יוּעַס Bu Löhr); Infinitive construct עֶלְיוֺן יְמִין שְׁנוֺת [Psa 77:11] the right hand of the Highest is changed (ᵑ7 ᵑ9 ᵑ6 Aq Symm Theod Hup-Now RVm Bae Du We Buhl; AV RV Ew De Che and others years, usually insert I will remember); Participle שׁוֺנִים [Est 1:7] differing, different, with מִן, compare [3:8] (so Ecclus 42:24); [Prov 24:21] those who change (but dubious, see Toy).
Pi`el transitive, change, alter: Perfect3masculine singular שִׁנָּה [Jer 52:33] with accusative garments, = שִׁנָּא (Gesl.c.) [2Kin 25:29]; Imperfect3masculine singular דִּין יְשַׁנֶּה [Prov 31:5] lest he pervert the judgment; וַיְשַׁנּוֺ [1Sam 21:14] (read וַיְשַׁן Ges§ 75bb, וַיְשַׁנֶּה We Dr (and references), compare Bu HPS Now), with accusative טַעְמוֺ (see טַעַם, and Assyrian šanê ‰êmi, madness); וַיְשַׁנֶּהָ [Est 2:9], i.e. changed her place הַנָּשִׁים בֵּית לְטוֺב; 1 singular [Psa 89:35] the utterance of my lips I will not change (|| בְּרִיתִי אֲחַלֵּל לֹא); Infinitive construct אֶתדַּֿרְכֵךְ לְשַׁנּוֺת [Jer 2:36] i.e. change thy political course; טַעְמוֺ אֶתֿ בְּשַׁנּוֺתוֺ [Psa 34:1] (title; compare [1Sam 21:14] above); Participle פָנָיו מְשַׁנֶּה [Job 14:20] altering his face, i.e. in death (subject God).
Pu`al Imperfect3masculine singular יְשֻׁנֶּא מָּנָיו וְעֹז (Ges§ 75rr) [Eccl 8:1], usually is changed, mollified, Siegf יִשָּׂנֵא is hated (on פ ׳עֹז see עֹז
4, √עזז).
Hithpa`el Perfect2feminine singular consecutive וְהִשְׁתַּנִּית קוּמִי [1Kin 14:2] arise, pray, and disguise thyself.
III. שָׁנָה verb repeat, do again (Late Hebrew id.; Ecclus 42:1; Arabic bend, fold, double; Aramaic תְּנָא repeat, also teach, ; Assyrian šanû, especially Pi`el repeat, relate, compare ScheilZA v (1890), 409 (Dl thinks denominative); on ׳שׁ as √of שְׁנַיִם two, see PhilippiZMG xxxii (1878), 77 Baib. xli (1887), 603); —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׁ [2Sam 20:10]; Imperfect1singular אֶשְׁנֶה [1Sam 26:8], etc.; Imperative masculine plural שְׁנוּ [1Kin 18:34]; Participle שֹׁנֶה [Prov 17:9]; [26:11]; — do again: שׁ ׳וַיַּכֵּהוּוְ֗֗֗לֹא לוֺ [2Sam 20:10], compare [1Sam 26:8]; absolute [1Kin 18:34] (twice in verse); [Neh 13:21]; = speak again [Job 29:22] + [40:5] according to many moderns (אשׁנה for אענה ᵑ0); ׳שׁ בְּדָבָר [Prov 17:9] repeat with a thing, keep talking about it (דבר שנות Ecclus 42:1); [26:11] a dullard repeats with (ב) his folly, does it over again (learns nothing by experience).
Niph`al Infinitive construct מַּעֲמָ֑יִם אֶלמַּֿרְעֹה הַחֲלוֺם הִשָּׁנוֺת וְעַל [Gen 41:32] (E) concerning the dream's being repeated, etc.