G1909 — ἐπί
(before a rough breathing ἐφ' (occasionally in manuscripts ἐπ'; see e. g. [Psa 145:3]), and also in some instances before a smooth breathing (as ἐφ' ἐλπίδι, [Act 2:26] L; [Rom 8:20-21]Tdf.); see ἀφειδον. It neglects elision before proper names beginning with a vowel (except Αἴγυπτον [Act 7:10], [Act 7:18]) and (at least in Tdf.s text) before some other words, see the Proleg., p. 94f; cf. Winers Grammar, § 5, 1 a.; Buttmann, p. 10), a preposition (from the Sanskrit local prefix ἀρι; Curtius, § 335), joined to the genitive, the dative, and the accusative; its primary signification is upon (Latinsuper; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 374 (350) note)).
A. with the genitive (cf. Winers Grammar, § 47, g.; Buttmann, 336 (289));
I. of place; and
1. of the place on which;
a. upon the surface of (Latinin orsuper with the abl., German auf with the dative); after verbs of a biding, remaining, standing, going, coming, etc.; of doing anything: ἐπί κλίνης, [Mat 9:2]; [Luk 17:34]; ἐπί τοῦ δώματος, [Mat 24:17]; [Luk 17:31]; ἐπ' ἐρημίας (cf. on a desert), [Mar 8:4]; ἐπί τῶν νεφελῶν, [Mat 24:30]; [Mat 26:64]; ἐπί (τῆς) γῆς, [Mat 6:10]; [Mat 9:6]; [Mat 23:9]; [Mat 28:18]; [Luk 21:25]; [Act 2:19], and very often; ἐπί τῆς θαλάσσης, on (the surface of) the sea, [Mat 14:25] R G; 26 L T Tr WH; [Mar 6:48] (49); [Rev 5:13], and, according to the interpretations of many, [Joh 6:19]; but cf. Baumg.-Crusius at the passage (per contra, cf. Lücke at the passage; Meyer on Matthew, the passage cited) ([Job 9:8]; βαδίζειν ἐφ' ὕδατος, Lcian. philops. 13; ἐπί τοῦ πελαγους διαθεοντες, v. h. 2, 4; (Artemidorus Daldianus, oneir. 3, 16); on a different sense of the phrase ἐπί γῆς θαλάσσης see 2 a. below (Winer's Grammar, 374 (351))); ποιεῖν σημεῖα ἐπί τῶν ἀσθενούντων, to be seen upon the bodies of men, externally, (on the sick (cf. Winer's Grammar, 375 (351))), [Joh 6:2]; ἐκάθισα and κάθημαι (καθέζομαι) ἐπί, [Mat 19:28]; [Mat 23:2]; [Mat 24:3]; [Mat 25:31]; [Mat 27:19]; [Joh 19:13]; [Act 20:9]; [Rev 9:17], etc.; ἔστην, ἕστηκα ἐπί, [Luk 6:17]; [Act 21:40]; [Rev 10:5], [Rev 10:8]; where parts of the body are spoken of: ἐπί χειρῶν, [Mat 4:6]; [Luk 4:11]; ἐπί τῆς κεφαλῆς, [Joh 20:7]; [1Co 11:10]; [Rev 10:1] R G (others, accusative); ; σινδόνα ἐπί γυμνοῦ, [Mar 14:51]; ἐπί τοῦ μετώπου (or μετώπων), [Rev 7:3]; [Rev 9:4]; [Rev 13:16] (Rec., others, accusative); [Rev 14:9].
b. Like the preposition ἐν (see the exposition under the word ἐν, I. 7, p. 212{a}), so also ἐπί with the genitive is used after verbs expressing motion to indicate the rest following the motion; thus after βάλλειν, [Mar 4:26]; [Mat 26:12]; σπείρειν, [Mar 4:31]; τιθέναι, [Joh 19:19]; [Act 5:15]; ([Luk 8:16] L T Tr WH); ἐπιτιθεναι, [Luk 8:16] (R G); καθιεναι, [Act 10:11]; πίπτειν, [Mar 9:20]; [Mar 14:35]; ἐπιγράφειν, [Heb 10:16] R G; ἑλκύειν, [Joh 21:11] R G; ἔρχεσθαι, [Heb 6:7]; [Rev 3:10]; (anatellein], [Luk 12:54] T Tr marginal reading WH); γενόμενος ἐπί τοῦ τόπου (cf. our having arrived on the spot), [Luk 22:40] (cf. Winer's Grammar, p. 376 (352) and see below, C. I. 1 b. at the end). κρεμαν τινα ἐπί (Hebrew עַל תָּלָה, [Gen 40:19]; [Deu 21:22], etc.), for which the Latin hassuspendereex,de,a, andalicui, [Act 5:30]; [Act 10:39]; [Gal 3:13].
c. figuratively used of that upon which anything rests (like our upon) (cf. Winers Grammar, 375 (351); Buttmann, 336 (289); Ellicott on 1 Timothy as below): ἵνα σταθῇ ἐπί στόματος etc. (עַל־פִּי יָקוּם, [Deu 19:15]), resting on the declaration, etc., [Mat 18:16]; [2Co 13:1]; more simply ἐπί μαρτύρων, [1Ti 5:19]; in the adverb phrase ἐπ' ἀληθείας (on the ground of truth), see ἀλήθεια, I. 1. (c. akin is its use (with a personal or a reflexive pronoun) to denote dependence, as in λογιζέσθω ἐφ' (others ἀφ' which see II. 2 d. aa.) ἑαυτοῦ, [2Co 10:7] T Tr WH (for himself, i. e. apart from and independently of others; R. V. with himself); cf. Kühner, 2:432; Liddell and Scott, under the word A. I. 1 d.)
d. figuratively used of things, affairs, persons, which one is set over, over which he exercises power; Latinsupra, our over (cf. below, B. 2 b. and C. I. 2 e.): ἐπί πάντων, [Rom 9:5]; [Eph 4:6] (where ἐπί, διά and ἐν are distinguished); καθίστημι τινα ἐπί τίνος, [Mat 24:45]; [Mat 25:21], [Mat 25:23]; [Luk 12:42]; [Act 6:3] ([Gen 39:4], [Gen 39:5]; [Gen 39:1] Macc. 6:14 1 Macc. 10:37, etc.; Plato, rep. 5, p. 460 b., etc.); δίδωμι τίνι ἐξουσίαν ἐπί τίνος, [Rev 2:26]; ἔχω ἐξουσίαν ἐπί τίνος, [Rev 20:6]; βασιλεύειν ἐπί τίνος, [Mat 2:22] R G Tr brackets; [Rev 5:10]; ἔχειν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῦ βασιλέα, [Rev 9:11]; ἔχειν βασιλείαν ἐπί τῶν βασιλέων, [Rev 17:18]; ὅς ἦν ἐπ' τῆς γάζης, who was over the treasury, [Act 8:27]; ὁ ἐπί τοῦ κοιτῶνος, he who presided over the bedchamber, the chamberlain, [Act 12:20] (Passow, i., 2, p. 1035a gives many examples from Greek authors (cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word A. III. 1; Lob. ad Phryn., p. 474; Sophocles Lexicon, under the word); for examples from the O. T. Apocrypha see Wahl, Clavis Apocr., p. 218a).
e. of that to which the mental act looks or refers: λέγειν ἐπί τίνος, to speak upon (of) a thing, [Gal 3:16] (Plato, Charm., p. 155 d.; legg. 2, p. 662 d.; Aelian v. h. 1, 30;scriberesuperre, Cicero, ad Att. 16, 6;dissereresuper, Tacitus, ann. 6, 28; cf. Winers Grammar, 375 (351); (Buttmann, 336 (289))).
f. of one on whom an obligation has been laid: εὐχήν ἔχειν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῦ, have (taken) on themselves a vow, have bound themselves by a vow, [Act 21:23] (WH text ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν (see ἀπό, II. 2 d. aa.)).
2. used of vicinity, i. e. of the place at, near, hard by, which (German bei,an);
a. properly, κόλπος ὁ ἐπί ποσιδηιου, Herodotus 7, 115; ἐπί τῶν θυρῶν ([Act 5:23] L T Tr WH) (1 Macc. 1:55; (Plutarch, G. Gracch. 14, 3, p. 841 c.)); cf. Matthiae, ii., p. 1366 § 584; Passow, under the word, p. 1034b; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, I. 1 a., at the end). But the examples of this signification adduced from the N. T. (with the exception of Acts, the passage cited) (and most of those from Greek authors also) are such as to allow the rendering of ἐπί by super also, over or above (so Winer's Grammar, 374f (351)): ἐπί τῆς θαλάσσης at the sea, upon the shore, or above the sea, for the shore overhung the sea, [Joh 6:19] (?(cf. 1 a. above)); ([Exo 14:2]; [Deu 1:40]; [Deu 1:1] Macc. 14:34 1 Macc. 15:11; Polybius 1, 44, 4; cf. the FrenchBoulognesurmer,ChalonssurMarne (English Stratford on Avon), etc.; ἐπί τοῦ ποταμοῦ [Eze 1:1]; (Xenophon, an. 4, 3, 28); ἐπί τοῦ Ιορδάνου, [2Ki 2:7]); ἐσθίειν ἐπί τῆς τραπέζης τίνος (German überJemandsTischeessen (cf. English over one's food, over one's cups, etc.)), food and drink placed upon the table, [Luk 22:30] cf. [Luk 22:21]; συκῆν ἐπί τῆς ὁδοῦ, a fig tree above (i. e. higher than) the way, [Mat 21:19].
b. before, with the genitive of a person, in the presence of one as spectator, or auditor (Winers Grammar, 375 (351); Buttmann, 336 (289)): [Mat 28:14] (L Tr WH marginal reading ὑπό); [Mar 13:9]; [Act 24:19], [Act 24:20]; [Act 25:9]; [Act 26:2]; [1Co 6:1], [1Co 6:6]; [2Co 7:14]; [1Ti 6:13] (some bring this under II. below; see μαρτυρέω); ἐπί τοῦ βήματος Καίσαρος, [Act 25:10].
c. ἐπί τοῦ (Rec. τῆς) βάτου at the bush, i. e. at the place in the sacred volume where the bush is spoken of, [Mar 12:26] (see ἐν, I. 1 d.).
II. of Time when; with the genitive of a person in the time or age of a man (in the days of); at the time when an office was held by one; under the administration of (cf. Winers Grammar, 375 (352); Buttmann, 336 (289)): [Mar 2:26]; [Luk 3:2]; [Luk 4:2]; [Act 11:28]; (1 Macc. 13:42 1 Macc. 14:27 (for other examples in which this phrase is equivalent to in or of the reign etc. of, and is preceded by a specification of the year etc., see B. D. American edition, p. 651 note{b}); 2 Macc. 8:19 2Macc. 15:22; for numerous examples from Greek writings see Passow, i., 2, p. 1035, floss fully in Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. II.)). with the genitive of a tiring, at the time of any occurrence: ἐπί τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος, at the time of the deportation to Babylon, [Mat 1:11]; (on [Luk 12:54] T Tr marginal reading WH see δυσμή); of the time when any occupation is (or was) carried on: ἐπί τῶν προσευχῶν μου, Latin in precibus meis, at my prayers, when I am praying, [Rom 1:10] (9); [Eph 1:16]; [1Th 1:2]; [Phi 1:4]. of time itself, ἐπ' ἐσχάτων and (according to another reading) ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν (literally, at the end of the days): [2Pe 3:3]; [Heb 1:2] (1) (for the Hebrew הַיָמִים בְּאַחֲרִית, [Gen 49:1]; [Num 24:14]; Jeremiah 37:24; [Mic 4:1]; [Dan 10:14]); ἐπ' ἐσχάτου τοῦ χρόνου, Jude 1:18 L T Tr WH; (τῶν χρόνων, [1Pe 1:20] L T Tr WH).
B. with the dative, used of place (Winers Grammar, 392f (366f); Buttmann, 336f (289f)); and
1. properly;
a. of the place where or in which (Latinin with the abl., German auf with the dative) (English on, etc.), where continuance, position, situation, etc., are spoken of: ἐφ' ᾧ (L text T Tr WH ὅπου) κατέκειτο, [Mar 2:4]; λίθος ἐπί λίθῳ (λίθον T Tr WH), [Mar 13:2]; ἐπί πίνακι, [Mat 14:8], [Mat 14:11]; [Mar 6:25]; ἐπί τοῦ κραββάτοις, [Mar 6:55]; ἀνακλῖναι πάντας ἐπί τῷ χόρτῳ, [Mar 6:39]; ἐπέκειτο ἐπ' αὐτῷ, lay upon it, [Joh 11:38]; ἐφ' ἵπποις, [Rev 19:14].
b. of the place in which (Latinin with the abl., German auf with the accusative), after verbs expressing motion toward a place, to denote a remaining in the place after the motion (English upon, at, etc.): βάλλειν λίθον ἐπιτινι, the dative of person, [Joh 8:7] Rec.; οἰκοδομεῖν, [Mat 16:18]; ἐποικοδόμειν, [Eph 2:20]; ἐπιβάλλειν, [Mat 9:16] ([Luk 5:36] ἐπιβάλλειν ἐπί τί); ἐπιρράπτειν, [Mar 2:21] (where L T Tr WH have ἐπί with the accusative); ἐπιπίπτειν, [Act 8:16].
c. of the place above which (Latinsuper, German über (English over)): ἐπ' αὐτῷ, over his head, [Luk 23:38] (for which [Mat 27:37] ἐπάνω τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ).
d. of the place at, or by, or near which: ἐπί θύραις and ἐπί τῇ θύρα, [Mat 24:33]; [Mar 13:29]; [Act 5:9] (and often in Greek writings; cf. Passow, under the word, p. 1037a; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, B. I. 1 a.; cf. A. I. 2 a. above)); ἐπί τῇ προβατικῇ, [Joh 5:2]; ἐπί τῷ ποταμῷ, [Rev 9:14]; ἐπί τῇ στοά, [Act 3:11]; ἐπ' (L T Tr WH παῥ) αὐτοῖς ἐπιμεῖναι, [Act 28:14].
2. Metaphorically;
a. of that upon which any action, effect, condition, rests as a basis or support; properly, upon the ground of; and α. of that upon which anything is sustained or upheld: ζῆν ἐπί τίνι, to sustain life on (by) a thing, [Mat 4:4] (where L Tr, the second time, ἐν; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 389 (364) note)); [Luk 4:4] ([Deu 8:3] for עַל חָיָה; Plato, Alcib. 1, p. 105 c.; Plutarch, de cup. divit. 7, p. 526 d.; Alciphron, epistles 3, 7, etc.); συνιέναι ἐπί τοῖς ἄρτοις, to understand by reasoning built upon the loaves, [Mar 6:52] (cf. Winers Grammar, 392 (367); Buttmann, 337 (290)). β. of that upon which anything rests (our upon): ἐπ' ἐλπίδι (see in ἐλπίς, 2), supported by hope, in hope (cf; Winer's Grammar, § 51, 2f.), [Act 2:26]; [Rom 4:18]; [1Co 9:10] (differently in ε. below); to do anything ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι τίνος, relying upon the name i. e. the authority of anyone (cf. Winer's Grammar, 393 (367)): ἐλεύσονται ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι μου, appropriating to themselves the name of Messiah, which belongs to me, [Mat 24:5]; [Mar 13:6]; [Luk 21:8] (in which passage λέγοντες, ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμί ὁ Χριστός is added by way of explanation); βαπτίζεσθαι ἐπί (L Tr WH ἐν) τῷ ὀνόματι Χριστοῦ, so as to repose your hope and confidence in his Messianic authority, [Act 2:38]; δέχεσθαι τινα ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι μου, to receive one because he bears my name, is devoted to my authority and instruction, [Mat 18:5]; [Mar 9:37]; [Luk 9:48]. to do anything upon the name of Christ, his name being introduced, appeal being made to his authority and command: as κηρύσσειν, διδάσκειν, etc., [Luk 24:47]; [Act 4:17], [Act 4:18]; [Act 5:28], [Act 5:40]; δύναμιν ποιεῖν, δαιμόνια ἐκβάλλειν, using his name as a formula of exorcism (cf. Winer's Grammar, 393 (367)), [Mar 9:39]; [Luk 9:49] (WH Tr marginal reading ἐν). γ. of that upon which as a foundation any superstructure is reared: νομοθετεῖσθαι, [Heb 7:11] (ἐπ' αὐτῇ, for which L T Tr WH have ἐπ' αὐτῆς); ; after verbs of trusting, believing, hoping, etc.: ἀρκεῖσθαι ἐπί τίνι, [3Jo 1:10]; παρρησιάζεσθαι, [Act 14:3]; πεποιθέναι, [Mat 27:43] L text WH marginal reading; [Luk 11:22]; [Luk 18:9]; [Mar 10:24] (T WH omit; Tr marginal reading brackets the clause); [2Co 1:9]; [Heb 2:13]; πιστεύειν, [Luk 24:25]; [Rom 9:33]; [Rom 10:11], etc.; ἐλπίζειν (see ἐλπίζω) (cf. C. I. 2 g. α. below). δ. of the reason or motive underlying words and deeds, so that ἐπί is equivalent to for, on account of (Winers Grammar, 394 (368); Buttmann, 337 (290)): [Mat 19:9] R G T Tr WH text; [Luk 5:5] (ἐπί τῷ ῤήματι σου, at thy word, German auf; (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 48, c. d.; in reliance on)); [Act 3:16] (WH omit); [Act 4:9]; (L Tr marginal reading have the genitive); ; [1Co 8:11] (ἀπολλυσθαι ἐπί τίνι, German zuGrundegehenüber etc. (cf. Winers Grammar, 394 (368) note, but L T Tr WH read ἐν)); [Phi 3:9]; after αἰνεῖν, [Luk 2:20]; δοξάζειν, [Act 4:21]; [2Co 9:13] (cf. Winer's Grammar, 381 (357)); μαρτυρεῖν, [Heb 11:4]; εὐχαριστεῖν etc. to give thanks for, [1Co 1:4]; [2Co 9:15]; [Phi 1:5]; [1Th 3:9]. ἐφ' ᾧ (equivalent to ἐπί τούτῳ, ὅτι for that, on the ground of this, that) because that, because, [Rom 5:12] (on the various interpretations of this passage see Dietzsch, Adam und Christus. Bonn 1871, p. 50ff); [2Co 5:4] (Rec.st ἐπειδή); [Phi 3:12] (ἐφ' ᾧ — ὁ σατανᾶς — οὐκ ἴσχυσε θανατῶσαι αὐτούς, Theophilus of Antioch ad Antol. 2, 29, p. 138, Otto edition; ἐφ' ᾧ Γενναδιον ἔγραψεν, for the reason that he had accused Gennadius, Synes. epistle 73; cf. Hermann ad Vig., p. 710; the better Greeks commonly used ἐφ' οἷς in the same sense, cf. Winers Grammar, 394 (368); (Fritzsche or Meyer on Romans, the passage cited; Ellicott on Philippians, the passage cited)). Used especially after verbs signifying a mental affection or emotion, where we also often say over (for examples from Greek writings see Passow, i. 2, p. 1039b; Krüger, § 68, 41, 6; (cf. Winers Grammar, 393 (368)
c.)): as ἀγαλλιαν, [Luk 1:47]; χαίρειν, [Mat 18:13]; [Luk 1:14]; [Luk 13:17]; [Rom 16:19], etc.; χαρά ἔσται, [Luk 15:7]; χαράν (Rec. χάριν) ἔχω, [Phi 1:7]; παρακαλεῖν, παρακαλεῖσθαι, [2Co 1:4]; [2Co 7:13]; [1Th 3:7]; κλαίειν, [Luk 19:41] R G; κοπετόν ποιεῖν, [Act 8:2]; κόπτεσθαι, [Rev 18:9] (T Tr WH text the accusative); ὀδύνασθαι, [Act 20:38]; ὀλολύζειν, [Jam 5:1]; στυγνάζειν, [Mar 10:22]; συλλυπεῖσθαι, [Mar 3:5]; μετανοεῖν ἐπί, to grieve over, repent of, [2Co 12:21]; σπλαγχνίζεσθαι, [Mat 14:14] G L T Tr WH; [Mar 6:34] R G; [Luk 7:13] (Tdf. the accusative); μακροθύμειν, [Mat 18:26] (Tr the accusative), 29 (L Tr the accusative); [Luk 18:7] (see μακροθυμέω, 2); [Jam 5:7]; ὀργίζεσθαι, [Rev 12:17] (Lachmann omits ἐπἰ; ἐκπλήσσεσθαι, [Mat 7:28]; [Mar 1:22]; [Luk 4:32]; [Act 13:12]; διαταράσσεσθαι, [Luk 1:29]; ἐξίστασθαι, [Luk 2:47]; θαμβεῖσθαι, [Mar 10:24]; θάμβος, [Luk 5:9]; [Act 3:10]; θαυμάζειν, [Mar 12:17]; [Luk 2:33]; [Luk 4:22]; [Luk 9:43]; [Luk 20:26]; [Act 3:12]; καυχᾶσθαι, [Rom 5:2]; ἐπαισχύνεσθαι, [Rom 6:21]; παραζηλουν and παροργίζειν τινα ἐπί τίνι, [Rom 10:19]. ε. of the rule, or condition (Winers Grammar, 394 (368)
d.): ἐπ' ἐλπίδι, a hope being held out or given, [Rom 8:20]; [Tit 1:2] (differently in β. above); ἐπί δυσίν... μάρτυσιν, on condition that two witnesses testify to the matter in question (at (the mouth of) two etc.; cf. Winer's Grammar, 392 (367)), [Heb 10:28]; ἐπί νεκροῖς, equivalent to ὄντων νεκρῶν (in the case of the dead), if anyone has died, [Heb 9:17]. ζ. of the purpose and end (unto, for; Winers Grammar, 394 (368)
e.): ἐπ' ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ, to worship and profess his name, [Act 15:14] Rec.; καλεῖν τινα ἐπί τίνι, Latinadaliquid, [Gal 5:13]; [1Th 4:7] (ἐπί ξένια, Xenophon, an. 7, 6, 3; cf. Winer's Grammar, as above); κτισθεντε ἐπί ἔργοις ἀγαθοῖς, [Eph 2:10]; φρονεῖν ἐπί τίνι to take thought for a thing, [Phi 4:10]; ἐφ' ᾧ (by a later Greek impropriety for ἐπί τίνι, cf. Winers Grammar, § 24, 4; (Buttmann, § 139, 59; but on the extreme doubtfulness of this alleged use of ὅς in direct questions, see present T. D. Woolsey in the Bibliotheca Sacra for Apr. 1874, p. 314ff)) πάρει; for what purpose art thou come? Vulg.adquid (others,quod)venisti? [Mat 26:50] R (but G L T Tr WH ἐφ' ὁ, see C. I. 2 g. γ. αα. below) (Theoph. ἐπί ποιῶ σκόπω; cf. Herodotus 7, 146 πυθόμενος, ἐπ' ὁισι ἦλθον; (but the view of many ancient expositors which explains the passage by an aposiopesis: that for which thou hast come — do is thoroughly established by Dr. Woolsey, as above)). of the issue or undesigned result: λογομαχεῖν ἐπί καταστροφή τῶν ἀκουόντων, [2Ti 2:14]; (τοῖς ἐπί ὠφέλεια πεποιημενοις ἐπί βλάβη χρῆσθαι, Xenophon, mem. 2, 3, 19). εε. of the pattern or standard (A. V. after; Winer's Grammar, 394 (368) f.): καλεῖν τινα ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι τίνος, to call one after the name of another, [Luk 1:59] ([Neh 7:63] (Winer's Grammar, 410 (382))); ἐπί τῷ ὁμοιώματι τίνος after the likeness of a thing, [Rom 5:14].
b. of that over which one is placed, for its care or administration: ἐπί τοῖς ὑπάρχουσι τινα καθιστάναι, [Luk 12:44] (cf. A. I. 1 d. above (also C. I. 2 e. below); Lob. ad Phryn., p. 474f; Bernhardy (1829), p. 249; (Winers Grammar, 393 (367)
a.)).
e. used of a hostile aim, against (for examples from Greek writings from Homer down, see Passow, i. 2, p. 1036a; (cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word, B. I. 1 c.; Winers Grammar, 392 (367); Buttmann, 337 (290))): [Luk 12:52]f; θλῖψις γενομένη ἐπί Στεφάνῳ (Στεφάνου, L Tr marginal reading), [Act 11:19] (A. V. about).
d. of that to which anything is added (so that it is, as it were, upon it); in addition to; over and above (Winers Grammar, 393 (367f)
b.): [2Co 7:13] (L T Tr WH ἐπί δέ τῇ παρακλήσει ὑμῶν (but L T Tr WH ἡμῶν) περισσοτέρως κτλ., but in addition to the comfort given (us) by you, we rejoiced the more exceedingly etc. (A. V. in etc. (of condition))); κερδαίνειν τί ἐπί τίνι, [Mat 25:20], [Mat 25:22] R G; ἔχειν λύπην ἐπί λύπη, [Phi 2:27] Rec. (Euripides, Iph. T. 197 φόνος ἐπί φόνῳ, Troad. 596 ἐπί δ' ἀλγεσιν ἀλγεα, Sophocles O. C. 544 ἐπί νόσῳ νόσον; (cf. Meyer on Philippians, the passage cited; but G L T Tr WH give the accusative, see C. I. 2 e. below)); προστιθεναι ἐπί, [Luk 3:20]; ἐπί πᾶσι τούτοις, besides all this, [Luk 16:26] (L marginal reading T Tr marginal reading WH ἐν; see ἐν, I. 5 e., p. 211a); [Eph 6:16] (L text T Tr WH ἐν (and there is no τούτοις); see ἐν, as above); [Col 3:14] (Sir. 37:15; 1 Macc. 10:42; (classic examples in Wetstein (1752) on Luke, the passage cited)); add also [Heb 8:1] (see Lünem. at the passage); [Heb 9:10]; [1Co 14:16].
e. of that which is connected as an adjunct (especially of time) with the principal matter under consideration (in German generallybei, i. e. at, on, etc.) (Winer's Grammar, 392 (367)): ἐυχαριστο τῷ Θεῷ μου ἐπί πάσῃ τῇ μνεία ὑμῶν, at every mention of you, as often as I call you to mind, [Phi 1:3] (but see Meyer, Ellicott, Lightfoot at the passage, and under the word πᾶς, I. 2); σπένδομαι ἐπί τῇ θυσία, while engaged in (busied over) the sacrifice, [Phi 2:17]; ἐπί συντέλεια τῶν αἰώνων, [Heb 9:26]; ἐπί τῇ πρώτη διαθήκη, [Phi 2:15]; σπείρειν and θερίζειν ἐπ' εὐλογίαις, so that blessings attend, i. e. bountifully, freely, [2Co 9:6]; ἐπί πάσῃ τῇ ἀνάγκη, [1Th 3:7]; ἐπί τῷ παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν while your anger lasts, [Eph 4:26]; ἐπί τούτῳ meanwhile, i. e. while this was going on ((?), upon this), [Joh 4:27].
f. of the object of an action, and α. where the German usesan (English on (nearly equivalent to to)): πράσσειν τί ἐπί τίνι, [Act 5:35] (like δραν τί ἐπί τίνι, Herodotus 3, 14; Aelian n. an. 11, 11); cf. Bernhardy (1829), p. 250 bottom; (but see Buttmann, 337 (290)); ὁ γέγονεν ἐπ' αὐτῇ, [Mar 5:33] (T Tr WH omit; L brackets ἐπί); ἀναπληροῦσθαι, [Mat 13:14] Rec. β. where the German saysüber, (English upon, of, concerning), after verbs of writing, speaking, thinking: γεγραμμένα ἐπ' αὐτῷ, [Joh 12:16] (Herodotus 1, 66); προφητεύειν, [Rev 10:11]; μαρτυρεῖν, R G T Tr text WH text (see μαρτυρέω, a.) (δόξα ἐπί τῇ εὐσέβεια, an opinion about, on, piety, 4 Macc. 5:17 (18)).
C. with the accusative (Winers Grammar, § 49,1.; Buttmann, 337f (290f));
I. of place;
1. properly;
a. of the place above, over, which, our up on, on to: after verbs signifying motion and continuance, ἐλθεῖν, περιπατεῖν ἐπί τά ὕδατα, [Mat 14:28]f; ἐπί τήν θάλασσαν, [Mat 14:25] L T Tr WH, 26 R G (πλεῖν ἐπί Πόντον, Homer, Odyssey 1, 183); ἀναπεσεῖν ἐπί τήν γῆν, [Mat 15:35]; ἐπί τό στῆθος τίνος, [Joh 21:20]; ἀνακλιθῆναι ἐπί τούς χόρτους, [Mat 14:19] R G; κατοικεῖν ἐπί πᾶν τό πρόσωπον (L T Tr WH παντός προσώπου (cf. πᾶς, I. 1 c.)) τῆς γῆς, [Act 17:26]; καθῆσθαι, [Luk 21:35]; ἦλθε λιμός ἐφ' ὅλην τήν γῆν, [Act 7:11]; σκότος ἐγένετο ἐπί πᾶσαν τήν γῆν, [Mat 27:45]. over i. e. along: εἱστήκει ἐπί τόν αἰγιαλόν, [Mat 13:2] (Winers Grammar, 408 (380); differently in d. below).
b. of motion to a place whose surface is occupied or touched (German auf with the accusative), upon, unto, etc.; after verbs of going, coming, ascending, descending, falling, etc.: πορεύεσθαι ἐπί τήν ὁδόν, [Act 8:26]; [Act 9:11]; ἐπί τάς διεξόδους, [Mat 22:9]; προέρχεσθαι, [Act 20:13] (here Tr WH marginal reading προσέρχεσθαι); φεύγειν, [Mat 24:16] (where L Tr WH text εἰς); ἐξέρχεσθαι, [Luk 8:27]; ἐξιέναι, [Act 27:43]; ἐπιβαίνειν, [Mat 21:5]; ἀναβαίνειν, [Luk 5:19]; [Luk 19:4]; [Act 10:9]; [Rev 20:9]; καταβαίνειν, [Luk 22:44] (L brackets WH reject the passage); [Rev 16:21]; ἀπέρχεσθαι, [Luk 23:33] (L Tr WH ἔρχεσθαι); πίπτειν ἐπί τούς πόδας, [Act 10:25]; ἐπί πρόσωπον, to fall upon the face, [Mat 17:6]; [Mat 26:39]; [Luk 5:12]; [Luk 17:16]; [1Co 14:25]; [Rev 7:11]. After verbs of placing, leading, bringing, building, laying, throwing, etc.: τιθέναι, [Mat 5:15]; [Luk 11:33]; ἐπιτιθεναι, [Mat 23:4]; [Luk 15:5]; [Act 15:10], etc.; τιθέναι τά γόνατα ἐπί, [Act 21:5]; οἰκοδομεῖν, [Mat 7:24], [Mat 7:26]; [Luk 6:49]; [Rom 15:20]; ἐποικοδόμειν, [1Co 3:12]; θεμελιοῦν, [Luk 6:48]; βάλλειν, [Joh 8:59]; [Rev 2:24]; [Rev 14:16]; [Rev 18:19]; ἐπιβάλλειν, [Luk 5:36] (ἐπιβάλλειν ἐπί τίνι, [Mat 9:16]); ἐπιβάλλειν τάς χεῖρας ἐπί τινα, [Mat 26:50], etc. (see ἐπιβάλλω, 1 a.); ἐπιρρίπτειν, [Luk 19:35] and tropically [1Pe 5:7]; ῥαπίζειν, [Mat 5:39] (L T Tr text WH εἰς); τύπτειν, [Luk 6:29] (Tdf. εἰς); ἀναβιβάζειν, [Mat 13:48] (not Lachmann text); ἐπιβιβάζειν, [Luk 10:34]; κατάγειν, [Luk 5:11]; σωρεύειν, [Rom 12:20]; διδόναι, [Luk 7:44]; [Luk 19:23]; [Rev 8:3]; ἀναφέρειν, [1Pe 2:24]; κρεμαν, [Mat 18:6] (L T Tr WH περί); γράφειν, [Rev 2:17]; [Rev 3:12]; [Rev 19:16]; ἐπιγράφειν, [Heb 8:10]. After verbs which include another verb signifying motion, or transfer, or entrance into (where German usesauf orüber; our on, to, etc.): ἀνατέλλειν, [Mat 5:45]; βρέχειν, ibid.; πνεηιν, [Rev 7:1] (here we see the difference between ἐπί with the genitive to blow over a thing, German über, and ἐπί with the according to blow on a thing, to come blowing upon it, German einenanwehen,wehendaufeinenkommen); (apparently nearly the same view of the distinction between the cases is take, by Thiersch § 274, 6; Hermann on Euripides, Alcest. 845. But Krüger (sec. 68, 40, 3), Kühner, (ii. § 438, L 1 b.), others, regard ἐπί with the accusative as denoting merely movement toward a place, while ἐπί with the genitive involves the idea of actual or intended arrival; cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. I. 1. Still others hold the two expressions to be substantially synonymous: e. g. Alexander Buttmann (1873) Gram. § 147 (p. 417 English translation); Matthiae, § 584; Passow, p. 1034a; — especially in the N. T., see Winers Grammar, 409f (382); 408 (381) note; Buttmann, 338 (291). On the variations of case with this preposition in the Rev. cf. Alford on ); διασωθῆναι ἐπί τήν γῆν, [Act 27:44].
c. It is used of persons over whom anything is done, that thereby some benefit may accrue to them (German über with the dative) (Winer's Grammar, 408 (381) note): ὀνομάζειν τό ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ ἐπί τινα, to name the name of Jesus (as a spell, a magic formula) over one, namely, that help may come to him from that name, [Act 19:13]; προσεύχεσθαι ἐπί τινα, [Jam 5:14].
d. As εἰς (which see C. 2, p. 186a), so ἐπί also stands after verbs of rest and continuance (Buttmann, 337f (290f); Winer's Grammar, § 49, 50:1): καθεύδειν ἐπί τί, [Mar 4:38]; στῆναι, [Rev 11:11]; σταθῆναι ἐπί τί, Revelation 12:18 ([Rev 13:1]); ἑστηκεναι, [Joh 21:4] (ἐπί τόν αἰγιαλόν L T Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading; otherwise where many are spoken of; see a. at the end, above); [Rev 14:1]; καθῆσθαι, [Joh 12:15]; [Rev 4:4]; [Rev 6:2] (Rec. dative); [Rev 11:16]; [Rev 14:14],16> (L T Tr WH text genitive); [Rev 17:3]; ; κεκαθικεναι, καθίσαι, [Mar 11:2]; [Luk 19:30]; [Joh 12:14]; [Rev 20:4]; καθίσεσθαι, [Mat 19:28]; σκηνουν, [Rev 7:15]; κεῖσθαι, [2Co 3:15]; κατακεῖσθαι, [Luk 5:25] T Tr WH; εἶναι ἐπί τό αὐτό, to be together, assembled, in the same place: [Luk 17:35]; [Act 1:15]; [Act 2:1], [Act 2:44] — to come together, of sexual intercourse, [1Co 7:5] G L T Tr WH; συνελθεῖν ἐπί τό αὐτό have convened, come together, to the same place, [1Co 14:23] (L text ἐλθεῖν); simply ἐπί τό αὐτό namely, ὄντες, together, [Act 3:1] (but L T Tr WH (so R. V.) connect ἐπί τήν α. here with [Act 2:47]); [2Sa 2:13] (cf. Buttmann, 338 (291)).
e. used of motion or arrival into the vicinity of a place (not to the place itself); near; to, as far as; (German an,bei,zu,hin...zu): ἐπί τό μνημεῖον (or μνῆμα), [Mar 16:2]; [Luk 24:12] (L Tr brackets; T omits; WH reject the verse), 22,24; ἐπί τούς ἀναβαθμούς, [Act 21:35]; ἔρχεσθαι ἐπί τί ὕδωρ, [Act 8:36]; ἐπί τήν πύλην, [Act 12:10]; ἐπιστηναι ἐπί τόν πυλῶνα, [Act 10:17]; καταβαίνειν ἐπί τήν θάλασσαν, [Joh 6:16], etc., etc.; with the accusative of a person to, near to one: [Joh 19:33]; [Act 25:12]; [2Th 2:1]; [Rev 16:14]; especially to judges, kings, etc., equivalent to to their tribunal: [Mat 10:18]; [Luk 12:58]; [Luk 21:12]; [Luk 23:1]; [Act 9:21]; [Act 16:19]. also in pregnant construction after verbs of sitting, standing, etc.: καθῆσθαι ἐπί τό τελώνιον, [Mat 9:9]; [Mar 2:14]; ἑστηκεναι ἐπί, [Rev 3:20]; [Rev 15:2]; ἐπιστηναι ἐπί, [Act 10:17]; [Act 11:11]; ἐπί τήν δεξιάν on the right hand, [Rev 5:1].
f. of mere direction toward a terminus (so that the terminus itself is not reached): πορεύεσθαι ἐπί τό ἀπολωλός, to recover it (where we say after), [Luk 15:4]; ἐκτείνειν τάς χεῖρας ἐπί, against one, to take him, [Luk 22:53]; toward one, in pointing him out, [Mat 12:49]; ἐξέρχεσθαι ἐπί λῃστήν, to take a robber, [Mat 26:55]; [Mar 14:48]; [Luk 22:52], cf. [Luk 14:31].
2. It is used metaphorically,
a. with the accusative of a person after verbs of coming, falling, bringing, etc. α. of evils befalling (falling 'upon') one, and of perturbations coming upon the mind: τό αἷμα τίνος (the penalty for slaying him) ἥκει or ἔρχεται ἐπί τινα, [Mat 23:35]; [Mat 27:25]; ἐπάγειν τό αἷμα τίνος ἐπί τινα, [Act 5:28]; ἔρχεσθαι and ἥκειν ἐπί τινα, of other evils, [Joh 18:4]; [Eph 5:6]; [Rev 3:3]; after γίνεσθαι, [Luk 1:65]; [Luk 4:36]; [Act 5:5]; ἐπέρχεσθαι (ἐπεισέρχεσθαι L T Tr WH), [Luk 21:35]; ἐπιπίπτειν, [Luk 1:12]; [Act 13:11] (L T Tr WH πίπτειν); (L Tr πίπτειν); [Rom 15:3] (from [Psa 68:10]); [Rev 11:11] (Rec. πίπτειν); ἐπιστηναι, [Luk 21:34]. β. of blessings coming upon one: after ἐρχεσται, [Mat 10:13]; ἐπιπίπτειν, of a trance, [Act 10:10] (L T Tr WH γίνεσθαι); ἐπισκηνουν, [2Co 12:9]; ἔφθασεν and ἤγγικεν, ἐφ' ὑμᾶς (upon you namely, from heaven (cf. Winer's Grammar, 407 (380) note)) ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, [Mat 12:28]; [Luk 10:9]; [Luk 11:20]. the Holy Spirit is said at one time ἐπί τινα ἐκχεῖσθαι, [Act 2:17]; [Act 10:45]; [Tit 3:6]; at another, ἀποστέλλεσθαι (or ἐξαποστέλλεσθαι T Tr WH), [Luk 24:49]; again, ἐπέρχεσθαι, [Act 1:8]; once more, καταβαίνειν, [Mar 1:10] (L text T Tr WH εἰς); [Luk 3:22]; [Joh 1:33]; ἔπεσεν ὁ κλῆρος ἐπί τινα, [Act 1:26]; after words of rest and continuance: χάρις ἦν ἐπί τινα, [Luk 2:40]; [Act 4:33]; ἐπαναπαύεσθαι, [Luk 10:6]; the Holy Spirit is said at one time ἐπί τινα μένειν, descending upon one to remain on him, [Joh 1:32]f (Buttmann, 338 (291)); and again ἀναπαύεσθαι, [1Pe 4:14].
b. of one upon whom anything is imposed, as a burden, office, duty, etc.: τήν μέριμναν ἐπιρρίπτειν ἐπί Θεόν, [1Pe 5:7]; συντελεῖν διαθήκην ἐπί τινα, to put a covenant UPON one, to be kept by him, [Heb 8:8], (in [Psa 82:6] פ עַל בְּרִית כָּרַת... is to make a covenant AGAINST one).
c. of that to which anything is added (English upon (nearly equivalent to after)): λύπη ἐπί λύπην, [Phi 2:27] G L T Tr WH ([Psa 68:27]; [Eze 7:26]; (especially [Isa 28:10], [Isa 28:13]; cf. Latinsuper in Livy 1, 50; 22, 54 etc.); see above, B. 2 d.); (so some take οἶκος ἐπ' οἶκον, [Luk 11:17], Buttmann, 338 (291); see οἶκος, 2); ἐπικάλειν ὄνομα ἐπί τινα (see ἐπικαλέω, 2 (and Buttmann, 338 (291))), to call (put) a name upon one, [Act 15:17]; [Jam 2:7].
d. of the number or degree reached; Latinusquead (Winer's Grammar, § 49, 50:3 a.): ἐπί σταδίους δώδεκα, [Rev 21:16] (Rst T Tr WH text, genitive) (Xenophon, mem. 1, 4, 17; an. 1, 7, 15; Polybius 3, 54, 7; Song of the Three 23); ἐπί τρίς, Vulg.perter, for three times, thrice: [Act 10:16]; [Act 11:10] (so εἰς τρίς, Herodotus 1, 86; Xenophon, an. 6, 4, 16. 19; Cyril 7, 1, 4 etc. (cf. Winer's Grammar, 422 (394))); ἐπί πλεῖον more widely, to a greater degree, further, the more (differently below, II. 1): [Act 4:17]; ([Act 20:9] WH marginal reading); [2Ti 2:16]; [2Ti 3:9]; ἐφ' ὅσον, forasmuch as, inasmuch as, (differently II. 1 below): [Mat 25:40], [Mat 25:45]; [Rom 11:13].
e. of care, power, control over anything (German über with the accusative) (Winer's Grammar, § 49, 1. 3 b.) (cf. above, A. I. 1 d. and B. 2 b.): βασιλεύειν ἐπί τινα (Hebrew עַל מָשַׁל), [Luk 1:33]; [Luk 19:14], [Luk 19:27]; [Rom 5:14]; ἡγούμενον ἐπ' Αἴγυπτον, [Act 7:10]; καθίστημι, [Heb 2:7] R ((from [Psa 8:7]), L Tr WH brackets); ἐπί τόν οἶκον αὐτοῦ namely, ἐστι, [Heb 3:6]; ἱερέα μέγαν ἐπί τόν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ namely, καθεστηκοτα, [Heb 10:21]; κατιησταναι δικαστήν ἐπί, [Luk 12:14] (ἄρχοντα, Xenophon, Cyril 4, 5 at the end); ἐξουσία, [Luk 10:19]; [Rev 6:8]; [Rev 16:9]; [Rev 22:14]; φυλάσσειν φυλακάς, [Luk 2:8]; of usurped dignity: ὑπεραίρεσθαι ἐπί πάντα λεγόμενον Θεόν, [2Th 2:4] cf. [Dan 11:36]f (others refer the use in Thessalonians, the passage cited to g. γ. ββ. below). Akin to this is the expression πιστός ἐπί τί (because fidelity is as it were spread over the things intrusted to its care), [Mat 25:21].
f. of the end which the mind reaches or to which it is led; Latinad, to, unto: ἐπιστρέφειν, ἐπιστρέφεσθαι ἐπί τινα, especially to God, [Luk 1:17]; [Act 9:35]; [Act 11:21]; [Act 14:15]; [Act 26:20]; [Gal 4:9]; [1Pe 2:25].
g. of direction toward a person or a thing; α. after verbs of trusting and hoping (German auf, upon; see above, B. 2 a. γ.): after ἐλπίζειν, [1Pe 1:13]; [1Pe 3:5] R G; [1Ti 5:5] (and often in the Sept.); πιστεύειν, [Act 9:42]; [Act 11:17]; [Act 16:31]; [Act 22:19]; [Rom 4:24]; πιστός, [Heb 6:1]; πεποιθέναι, [Mat 27:43] (where L text WH marginal reading ἐπί with the dative).β. of the feelings, affections, emotions, German über, over: κόπτομαι, [Rev 1:7]; [Rev 18:9] (R G L WH marginal reading with the dative); κλαίω, [Luk 23:28]; [Rev 18:9]; εὐφραίνεσθαι, [Rev 18:20] (G L T Tr WH with the dative). unto, toward, Latinerga: σπλαγχνίζομαι, [Mat 15:32]; [Mar 8:2]; [Mar 9:22]; (μακροθυμέω, [Mat 18:26] Tr, 29 L Tr); χρηστός, [Luk 6:35]; χρηστότης, [Rom 11:22]; [Eph 2:7]. γ. of the direction of the will and action; αα. of purpose and end (Winer's Grammar, § 49, l. 3 d.): ἐπί τό βάπτισμα αὐτοῦ, to receive his baptism, [Mat 3:7]; ἐπί θεωρίαν ταύτην, [Luk 23:48]; ἐφ' ὁ πάρει, [Mat 26:50] G L T Tr WH (see above, B. 2 a. ζ.); where aim and result coalesce: ἐπί τό συμφέρον, [Heb 12:10]. ββ. of things done with hostility; against: after ἀποτομία, [Rom 11:22]; ἀναστῆναι, [Mar 3:26]; ἐγείρεσθαι, [Mat 24:7]; [Mar 13:8]; [Luk 21:10]; ἐπεγείρειν διωγμόν, [Act 13:50]; μερισθῆναι, [Mat 12:26]; [Mar 3:24]f; ἐπαίρειν τί ἐπί, [Joh 13:18]; μάρτυρ, [2Co 1:23]; μαρτύριον, [Luk 9:5]; ἀσχημονεῖν, [1Co 7:36] (εἰς τινα, Dionysius Halicarnassus, 2, 26); μοιχᾶσθαι, [Mar 10:11]; τολμᾶν, [2Co 10:2]; βρύχειν ὀδόντας, [Act 7:54]. γγ. of that to which one refers in writing or speaking (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 49, 50 l. d.): after λέγειν, [Heb 7:13]; ὁ οὖν μακαρισμός... ἀκροβυστίαν, namely, λέγεται (Winers Grammar, 587 (546), cf. Buttmann, 394 (338)), [Rom 4:9]; προφητεία, [1Ti 1:18]; on [Mar 9:12]f see γράφω, 2 c. δδ. upon, i. e. in reference to; for: after βάλλειν κλῆρον, [Mar 15:24]; [Joh 19:24]; cf. Fritzsche on Mark, p. 686 (who compares Psalm 21:19, and remarks that an Attic writer would have said ἐπί τίνι).
II. of Time (Winer's Grammar, § 49, l. 2);
1. of time during or for (`for the space of') which (German auf,während): ἐπί ἔτη τρία, [Luk 4:25] (R G T WH marginal reading); ἐπί ἡμέρας πλείους, [Act 13:31]; add also [Act 16:18]; [Act 17:2]; [Act 18:20]; [Act 19:10]; [Heb 11:30], etc., and often in Greek writings from Homer down; cf. Passow, under the word, p. 1044 (Liddell and Scott, under the word C. II.); ἐφ' ὅσον χρόνον for so long time as, [Rom 7:1]; [1Co 7:39]; [Gal 4:1]; and simply ἐφ' ὅσον as long as (differently in I. 2 d. above), [Mat 9:15]; [2Pe 1:13]; ἐφ' ἱκανόν long enough, for a considerable time, [Act 20:11]; ἐπί πλεῖον somewhat long, too long (differently in I. 2 d. above): [Act 20:9] (not WH marginal reading, see as above); .
2. about, toward (German gegen): ἐπί τήν αὔριον on the morrow, [Luk 10:35]; [Act 4:5]; ἐπί τήν ὥραν τῆς προσευχῆς, [Act 3:1]; ἐπί τό πρωι< [Mar 15:1] (R G); rarely so in Greek writings, as Arrian exp. Al. 3, 18, 11 (7) ἐπί (others ὑπό) τήν ἕω.
D. In Composition ἐπί denotes:
1. continuance, rest, influence upon or over any person or thing: ἐπίγειος, ἐπουράνιος, ἐπιδημέω, ἀπαναπαύομαι, etc.
2. motion, approach, direction toward or to anything: ἐπακούω, ἐπιβοάω, ἐπιβλέπω, ἐπεκτείνω, etc.
3. imposition: ἐπικαθίζω, ἐπιτίθημι, ἐπιβιβάζω, ἐπιβαρέω, ἐπιγράφω, ἐπιρρίπτω, ἐπιτάσσω, etc.
4. accumulation, increase, addition: ἐπεισαγωγή, ἐπισυνάγω, ἐπισωρεύω, ἐπικαλέω (by a cognomen), etc.
5. repetition: ἐπαιτέω, ἐπαναμιμνῄσκω, etc.
6. up, upward: ἐπαίρω, ἐπανάγω, ἐπαφρίζω, etc.
7. against: ἐπιβουλή, ἐπανίστημι, ἐπίορκος, ἐπιορκέω, etc.
8. superintendence: ἐπιστάτης.
ἐπί
(before a smooth breathing ἐπ᾿ , before a rough breathing ἐφ᾿ ), prep . c . gen ., dat ., acc ( acc most freq . in NT), with primary sense of superposition, on, upon.
I. C. gen .,
1. of place, answering the question, where?
(a) of the place on which, on, upon: ἐπὶ ( τ .) γῆς , [Mat 6:10]; [Mat 6:19] al. ; τ . κεφαλῆς , [1Co 11:10]; τ . τ . νεφελῶν , [Mat 24:30], al. ; like ἐν , in constr. prægn. after verbs of motion: βάλλειν , [Mar 4:26]; σπείρειν , [Mar 4:31]; ἔρχεσθαι , [Heb 6:7], al. ; fig ., ἐπ᾿ ἀληθείας ( ΜΜ , s.v. ἀ .); of the subject of thought or speech, [Gal 3:16]; of power or authority, over, πάντων , [Rom 9:5]; τ . γάζης , [Act 8:27]; ἐξουσία ἐπί , [Rev 2:26]; [Rev 20:6];
(b) of vicinity, at, by: τ . θαλάσσης , [Joh 6:9]; τ . ὁδοῦ , [Mat 21:19]; τοῦ βάτου , [Mar 12:26] ( v. Swete , in l ); c . gen . pers ., in the presence of, before, [Mat 28:14], Act 23:30 , [1Co 6:1], [al. 2]
2. Of time,
a) c . gen . pers ., in the time of: ἐπὶ Ἐλισαίου , [Luk 4:27]; ἐπὶ λΚλαυδίου , [Act 11:28]; ἐπὶ Ἀβιάθαρ ἀρχιερέως , when A. was high priest, [Mar 2:26];
b) c . gen . rei , at, at the time of: [Mat 1:11], Heb 1:2 , [2Pe 3:3]; ἐπὶ τ . προσευχῶν μου ( ἡμῶν ), [Rom 1:10], Eph 1:16 , [1Th 1:2], [Phm 1:4].
II. C . dat ., of place, answering the question, where?
(a) lit., on, upon: [Mat 9:16]; [Mat 14:8], al. ; after verbs of motion ( v. supr ., I, 1, (a)), [Mat 9:16] [Act 8:16] above, [Luk 23:38]; at, by, [Mar 13:29], [Joh 5:2], [Act 5:9], al. ;
(b) metaph ., upon, on the ground of, [Luk 4:4] ( LXX ); in the matter of, [Mar 6:52] ( v. Swete , in L ); upon, of, concerning, [Ac 5:35], 46; of the ground, reason or motive (Bl, § 38, 2; 43, 3), [Mat 18:3]; [Mat 19:9] [Rom 12:12], al. ; ἐφ᾿ ᾧ , for the reason that, because, Rom 5:12 , [2Co 5:4]; after verbs of motion, over, [Mat 18:13], [Rom 16:19], al. ; of a condition ( cl .), Rom 8:20 , [1Co 9:10]; ἐπὶ δυσὶ μάρτυσιν ( v. Westc . on [Heb 9:10]), [Heb 10:28]; of purpose or aim, [Eph 2:10], [Php 4:10]; of authority, over, [Mat 24:47], [Luk 12:44]; of hostility, c. dat. pers . ( cl .), against, [Luk 12:52]; in addition to ( cl .), [2Co 7:13]; of an adjunct, in, at, on, [Php 1:3]; [Php 2:17].
III. C . acc ,
1. of place of motion upon or over, answering the question, whither?
(a) lit., upon, over: [Mat 14:28-29], [Luk 5:19], al. mult.; in NT also, answering the question, where? (as c . gen ., dat .), [Mar 4:38]; [Mar 11:2], [Luk 2:25], [Joh 1:32]; ἐπὶ τ . αὐτό ,, [Act 1:15]; [Act 2:1], al. ; of motion to a vicinity, to, [Mar 16:2], [Act 8:36], al. ;
(b) metaph . (in WH . " the acc is more widely prevalent than it strictly should be," Bl., § 43, 1); of blessings, evils, etc., coming upon one, c . acc pers ., [Mat 10:13]; [Mat 12:28], [Act 2:17], [Joh 18:4], [Eph 5:6], al. ; of addition ( dat . in cl .), λύπη ἐπὶ λύπην , [Php 2:27]; ἐπικαλεῖν ὄνομα ἐπί ( see ἐπικαλέω ), [Act 15:17], [Jas 2:7]; καλεῖν ἐπί to call after, [Luk 1:59]; of number or degree: ἐπί τρίς ( cl . εἰς τ .), thrice, [Act 10:16]; [Act 11:10]; ἐπὶ πλεῖον , the more, further, [Act 4:17], [2Ti 2:16]; [2Ti 3:9] ( v. also infr ., 2, (a)); ἐφ᾿ ὅσον ( v. infr ., ib .), forasmuch as, [Mat 25:40]; [Mat 25:45], [Rom 11:13]; of power, authority, control, [Luk 1:33], [Act 7:10], [Rom 5:14], [Heb 3:6], al. ; of the direction of thoughts and feelings, unto, towards, [Luk 1:17]; [Luk 23:28], [Act 9:35]; [Act 9:42] [Rom 11:22], [Gal 4:9], Eph 2:7 , [1Ti 5:5], al. ; of purpose, for, [Mat 3:7], [Luk 23:48]; ἐφ᾿ ὅ πάρει ( Rec. ἐφ᾿ ῷ ), [Mat 26:50]; of hostility, against, [Mat 24:7], [Mar 3:24-26]; [Mar 10:11]; [Mar 13:8], [Luk 9:5], [Joh 13:18], [Act 7:54], [1Co 7:36], [2Co 1:23]; of reference, concerning, for ( cl . usually dat .), [Mar 9:12]; [Mar 15:24], [Joh 19:24], [Rom 4:9].
2. Of time,
(a) during, for: [Luk 4:25] ( WH , txt ., omits ἐπί ), [Act 13:31]; [Act 16:18], [Heb 11:30], al. ; ἐφ᾿ ὅσον ( χρόνον ), as long as, for so long time as, [Mar 9:15], [Rom 7:1], al. (for ἐφ᾿ ὅ . in another sense, v. supr ., 1, (b) ἐφ᾿ ἱκανόν ( vs . ἱ ), [Act 20:11]; ἐπὶ πλεῖον ( v. supr ., 1, (b)), yet longer, further, [Act 20:9]; [Act 24:4];
(b) on, about, towards ( cl . εἰς ): [Luk 10:35] [Act 3:1]; [Act 4:5].
IV. In composition, ἐπί signifies: up, ἐπαίρω ; upon, ἐπίγειος , ἐπιδημέω , ἐπικαθίζω ; towards, ἐπιβλέπω , ἐπεκτείνω ; over (of superintendence), ἐπιστάτης ; again, in addition, ἐπαιτέω , ἐπισυνάγω ; against, ἐπιορκέω , ἐπιβουλή .