πόνος, ὁ,
( πένομαι )
work, esp. hard work, toil, in Hom. mostly of the toil of war, μάχης π. the toil of battle, Il. 16.568; πόνος alone, = μάχη, 6.77, Od. 12.117, al.; πόνον ἔχειν, = μάχεσθαι, Il. 6.525, cf. 13.2, al.; ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσι π. καὶ δῆριν ἔθεντο 17.158; π. ἀνδρῶν Thgn. 987; πόνοι Ἐνυαλίου Pi. I. 6(5).54; ἐν τούτῳ τῷ π. ὁ πολέμαρχος διαφθείρεται in this struggle (at Marathon), Hdt. 6.114; ἐν τοῖσι Τρωϊκοῖσι π. Id. 9.27 .
2. generally, toil, labour, ἐπεὶ παύσαντο πόνου Il. 1.467, al.; π. ὀρνίθεσσι τιθείη cause toil to them, Hes. Op. 470; π. λαβόντας incurring toil, Hdt. 7.24; π. παρέχειν μανθάνοντι Pl. R. 526c; μάταιος π. labour in vain, Id. Ti. 40d; οἱ κατὰ τὰ σώματα π. Id. Plt. 294e; π. συνεχής Democr. 241; πολλῷ π. A. Pers. 509; μετὰ πολλοῦ π. Pl. Sph. 230a; σὺν π. X. Cyn. 9.6; οὐ μακρῷ π. A. Pr. 75; ἄνευ π. X. Mem. 2.6.22; ἔχει πόνον πολύν involves much trouble, Ar. Pax 1216 (also εἰνάλιον π. ἐχοίσας σκευᾶς when the tackle labours in the sea, Pi. P. 2.79 ): pl., π. ἑκούσιοι Democr. 240 .
3. of special kinds of labour, bodily exertion, exercise, στρατιωτικοὶ π. X. Cyr. 3.3.9; of exertions in the games, Hes. Sc. 305, Pi. N. 4.1, l. 4(3).47, etc.; γυμνάσια . ., νεανιᾶν (prob.) πόνον the scene of youthful labours, E. Hel. 211 (lyr.); εἰναλίοισι πόνοισι Theoc. 21.39 .
4. work, task, business, ἐπεὶ π. ἄλλος ἔπειγεν Od. 11.54; enterprise, undertaking, S. Ph. 864 (lyr.), etc.
5. implements for labour, stock-in-trade, οὗτος τοῖς ἁλιεῦσιν ὁ πᾶς πόνος Theoc. 21.14; καὶ πόνος ἐντὶ θάλασσα the sea is their workshop, Mosch. Fr. 1.10 .
II stress, trouble, distress, suffering, Il. 19.227; Τρώεσσι πόνον καὶ κήδε’ ἔθηκεν 21.525; ἦ μὴν καὶ π. ἐστὶν . . 2.291; ἐν τούτῳ τῷ π., of a storm, Hdt. 7.190; ὁ Μηδικὸς [π. ] the trouble from the Medes, Id. 4.1; παῦροι ἐν πόνῳ πιστοί Pi. N. 10.78: freq. in Trag., πόνος πόνῳ πόνον φέρει S. Aj. 866 (lyr.); πόνον ἔχειν Id. OC 232 (lyr.), etc.: in pl., sufferings, A. Pr. 66, 328, etc.; πόνους πονεῖν (cf. πονέω B. 1.2 ); διά τινα πόνους ἔχειν Ar. Ec. 975 (lyr.); also of disease, κατέβαινεν ἐς τὰ στήθη ὁ π. Th. 2.49; πλευρᾶς πόνοι καὶ θώρακος καὶ ἥπατος Dsc. 1.2; ἰσχίων π. καὶ πλευρᾶς ib. 73.
2. pain, esp. physical, δύο π. ἅμα γενομένων, μὴ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον, ὁ σφοδρότερος ἀμαυροῖ τὸν ἕτερον Hp. Aph. 2.46, cf. Erot. s.v. πόνοι, Gal. 17(2).699; π. ἐν κεφαλῇ Hp. Acut.(Sp. ) 40; ἐς τὰ ἄρθρα πόνοι Id. Aph. 4.44, 45, cf. Sor. 1.27, al.; π. ἐς ἀμφοτέρας κνήμας Hp. Epid. 1.26 . γ, cf. δ, al., LXX [Gen 34:25]; distd. from λύπη (pain in general), Alex.Aphr. Quaest. 125.33; but sts. = λύπη, Epicur. Ephesians 3 p.65U., Sent.Vat. 4, Fr. 442, Phld. Mus. p.72K. III anything produced by work, a work, μελισσᾶν τρητὸς π., of honey, Pi. P. 6.54; ὑψηλὸς τεκτόνων π. A. Fr. 357, cf. E. Or. 1570; ὁ ἐμὸς ὠδίνων π., of a child, Id. Ph. 30; so, πόνον ὀρταλίχων ὀλέσαντες, i.e. the nestlings, A. Ag. 54 (anap.); τοὺς ἡμετέρους π. the fruits of our labour, X. An. 7.6.9 . Πόνος personified as son of Eris, Hes. Th. 226 .