θῡμός, ὁ,
soul, spirit, as the principle of life, feeling and thought, esp. of strong feeling and passion (rightly derived from θύω (B) by Pl. Cra. 419e ἀπὸ τῆς θύσεως καὶ ζέσεως τῆς ψυχῆς):
I
1. in physical sense, breath, life, θ. ἀπηύρα, ἀφελέσθαι, ἐξαίνυσθαι, ὀλέσαι, freq. in Hom., Il. 6.17, 5.852, 155, 1.205: c. dupl. acc., ἄμφω θ. ἀπηύρα 6.17; ἐπεί κε.. ῥεθέων ἐκ θ. ἕληται 22.68; λίπε δ’ ὀστέα θ. 12.386; ἀπὸ δ’ ἔπτατο θ. Od. 10.163; ὀλίγος δ’ ἔτι θ. ἐνῆεν Il. 1.593; μόγις δ’ ἐσαγείρετο θυμόν 21.417; ἄψορρόν οἱ θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀγέρθη 4.152; θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς κεκαδών 11.334; of animals, 3.294, 12.150, etc.: less freq. in Trag., A. Ag. 1388, E. Ba. 620 (troch.).
2. spirit, strength, τείρετο δ’ ἀνδρῶν θ. ὑπ’ εἰρεσίης Od. 10.78; ἐν δέ τε θ. τείρεθ’ ὁμοῦ καμάτῳ τε καὶ ἱδρῷ Il. 17.744.
3. πάτασσε δὲ θ. ἑκάστου each man’s heart beat high, 23.370, cf. 7.216.
II soul, as shown by the feelings and passions; and So
1. desire or inclination, esp. desire for meat and drink, appetite, πιέειν ὅτε θ. ἀνώγοι Il. 4.263; πλησάμενος.. θυμὸν ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος Od. 17.603: generally, τά με θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει Il. 7.68; βαλέειν δέ ἑ ἵετο θ. 8.301; αἲ γάρ με μένος καὶ θ. ἀνείη 22.346; θ. ἐποτρύνῃ [τινά ] Od. 9.139; θ. ἐπέσσυταί τινι, ἐφορμᾶται, Il. 1.173, 13.73; ἤθελε θυμῷ he wished in his heart or with all his heart, 16.255, 21.65; ἵετο θυμῷ 2.589; so later θυμῷ βουλόμενοι wishing with all their heart, Hdt. 5.49; [ ὄσσα ϝ] οι θ. κε θέλῃ γένεσθαι Sapph. Supp. 1.3; θυμὸς ὥρμα Pi. O. 3.25, cf. 38; θυμὸς ἡδονὴν φέρει S. El. 286; ὧν ἐρᾷ θυμός Herod. 7.61; τῶν σφι θ. ἦν μάλιστα Hdt. 1.1; ἄλλως σφι θ. ἐγένετο θεήσασθαι τὸν πόλεμον Id. 8.116, etc.: with Verb omitted, σὲ γάρ μοι θῦμος ὔμνην Alc. 5; ἄρχ’ αὐτὸς ὥς σοι θ. S. El. 1319; ὅπου ὑμῖν θ. X. Cyr. 3.1.37; βῆξαι θυμός ἐγγίνεται Hp. Prog. 8.
2. mind, temper, will, θ. πρόφρων, ἵλαος, Il. 8.39, 9.639; θ. ὑπερφίαλος καὶ ἀπηνής, νηλέα θ. ἔχοντας, σιδήρεος θ., 15.94, 19.229, Od. 5.191; ἕνα θ. ἔχειν to be of one mind, Il. 15.710, etc.; οὐδὲ λύκοι τε καὶ ἄρνες ὁμόφρονα θ. ἔχουσιν 22.263; ἕτερος δέ με θ. ἔρυκε Od. 9.302; ἐμὸν θ. ἔπειθεν ib. 33; θωπείας κολακικάς, αἳ.. τοὺς θ. ποιοῦσιν κηρίνους Pl. Lg. 633d.
3. spirit, courage, μένος καὶ θ. Il. 20.174; θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι λαβεῖν Od. 10.461; πᾶσιν δὲ παραὶ ποσὶ κάππεσε θ. Il. 15.280; ψῦχρος ἔγεντο θ., of doves, Sapph. 16; θ. ἔχειν ἀγαθόν Hdt. 1.120; θ. οὐκ ἀπώλεσεν S. El. 26; ὁ θυμὸς εὐθὺς ἦν Ἀμυνίας Ar. Eq. 570; ἴωμεν ῥώμῃ καὶ θυμῷ ἐπί.. X. Cyr. 4.2.21; φρονήματός τε καὶ θυμοῦ ἐμπίπλασθαι Pl. R. 411c: so in Philos., opp. λόγος, ἐπιθυμία, ib. 440b, al., cf. Arist. Pol. 1328a7, 1327b24, Phld. Mus. p.26K., etc.; personified, Passion, Emotion, opp. Λογισμός, Cleanth.Stoic. 1.129.
4. the seat of anger, χωόμενον κατὰ θυμόν Il. 1.429; νεμεσιζέσθω ἐνὶ θυμῷ 17.254; θυμὸν ἐχώσατο 16.616, etc.: hence, anger, wrath, δάμασον θυμόν 9.496; εἴξας ᾧ θυμῷ ib. 598; θυμὸς μέγας ἐστὶ.. βασιλήων 2.196; θ. ὀξύς S. OC 1193; θ. κρείσσων τῶν ἐμῶν βουλευμάτων E. Med. 1079, etc.; θυμῷ f.l. for θυμοῦ in S. Ant. 718; οἱ τῷ θ. πραχθέντες φόνοι Pl. Lg. 867b; opp. λογισμός, Th. 2.11, etc.; ἐπανάγειν τὸν θ. Hdt. 7.160; ἐκτείνειν And. 3.31; καταθέσθαι Ar. V. 567; δακεῖν Id. Nu. 1369; θυμῷ χρᾶσθαι Hdt. 1.137, al.; ὀργῆς καὶ θυμοῦ μεστοί Isoc. 12.81 (so τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ τὸν θ., i.e. the outward manifestation of ὀ., Phld. Ir. p.90W.); of horses, X. Eq. 9.2: pl. (not earlier than Pl., f.l. in S. Aj. 718 (lyr.)), fits of anger, passions, περὶ φόβων τε καὶ θυμῶν Pl. Phlb. 40e; οἵ τε θ. καὶ αἱ κολάσεις Id. Prt. 323e, cf. Arist. Rh. 1390a11.
5. the heart, as the seat of the emotions, esp. joy or grief, χαῖρε, γήθησε δὲ θυμῷ, Il. 14.156, 7.189; θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι γεγήθει 13.494; μιν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θ. ἵκανεν 2.171; ἄχνυτο θ. 14.39, etc.; δόκησε δ’ ἄρα σφίσι θ. ὣς ἔμεν ὡς εἰ.. they felt as glad at heart as if.., Od. 10.415; μηδ’ ὀνίαισι δάμνα.. θ. Sapph. 1.4; of fear, δέος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ Il. 17.625, cf. 8.138; of love, τὴν ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον 9.343; ἐκ θυμοῦ στέργοισα Theoc. 17.130; ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ my heart’s beloved, Il. 5.243; reversely, ἀπὸ θ. μᾶλλον ἐμοὶ ἔσεαι wilt be alien from my heart, 1.562; ἐκ θ. πεσέειν, i.e. to lose thy favour, 23.595; ἔρωτι θυμὸν ἐκπλαγεῖσα E. Med. 8; ἐκ θ. κλαῦσαι Philet. 11.
6. mind, soul, as the seat of thought, ταῦθ’ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θ. Il. 1.193, etc.; ᾔδεε γὰρ κατὰ θ. 2.409, cf. 4.163, etc.; φράζετο θυμῷ 16.646; ἐν θ. ἐβάλοντο ἔπος 15.566; τοὺς λόγους θυμῷ βάλε A. Pr. 706; εἰς θ. βαλεῖν τι S. OT 975; οὐκ ἐς θ. φέρω I bring him not into my mind or thoughts, Id. El. 1347.
G2372 — θυμός
θυμοῦ, ὁ (from θύω to rush along or on, be in a heat, breathe violently; hence, Plato correctly says, Cratyl., p. 419 e., θυμός ἀπό τῆς θυσεως καί ζεσεως τῆς ψυχῆς; accordingly it signifies both the spirit panting as it were in the body, and the rage with which the man pants and swells) (from Homer down), the Sept. often for אַף anger, and חֵמָהexcandescentia; also for חָרוןaestus. In the N. T.:
1. passion, angry heat (excandescentia, Cicero, Tusc. 4, 9, 21), anger forthwith boiling up and soon subsiding again (ὀργή, on the other hand, denotes indignation which has arisen gradually and become more settled; (cf. (Plato) deff. 415 e. θυμός. ὁρμή βίαιος ἄνευ λογισμοῦ. νόσος τάξεως ψυχῆς ἀλογιστου. ὀργή. παράκλησις τοῦ θυμικου εἰς τό τιμωρεῖσθαι, Gregory of Nazianzus, carm. 34 θυμός μέν ἐστιν ἀθρως ζεσις φρενος, ὀργή δέ θυμός ἐμμένων, Hermas, mand. 5, 2, 4 [ET] ἐκ δέ τῆς πικρίας θυμός, ἐκ δέ τοῦ θυμοῦ ὀργή; cf. Aristotle, rhet. 2, 2, 1 and Cope's note); hence, we read in Sir. 48:10 κοπάσαι ὀργήν πρό θυμοῦ, before it glows and bursts forth; (see further, on the distinction between the two words, Trench, § xxxvii., and especially Schmidt vol. iii., chapter 142)): [Luk 4:28]; [Act 19:28]; [Eph 4:31]; [Col 3:8]; [Heb 11:27]; ὁ θυμοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, [Rev 14:19]; [Rev 15:1], [Rev 15:7]; [Rev 16:1]; ἔχειν θυμόν, to be in a passion, [Rev 12:12] (Aelian v. h. 1, 14); ὀργή καί θυμός (as the Sept. [Mic 5:15]; Isocrates, p. 249 c.; Herodian, 8, 4, 1; others): [Rom 2:8] (Rec. in the inverse order; so [Deu 9:19]; [Deu 29:23], [Deu 29:28] (cf. Trench, as above)); plural θυμοί impulses and outbursts of anger (Winers Grammar, 176 (166); Buttmann, 77 (67)): [2Co 12:20]; [Gal 5:20] (2 Macc. 4:25, 38 2Macc. 9:7 2Macc. 10:35 2Macc. 14:45; 4 Macc. 18:20; Wis. 10:3; Sophocles Aj. 718 (where see Lob.); Plato, Protag., p. 323 e.; (Phileb., p. 40 e.; Aristotle, rhet. 2, 13, 13); Polybius 3, 10, 5; Diodorus 13, 28; Josephus, b. j. 4, 5, 2; Plutarch, Cor. 1; others).
2. glow, ardor: ὁ οἶνος τοῦ θυμοῦ (see οἶνος, b.) the wine of passion, inflaming wine, German Glutwein (which either drives the drinker mad or kills him with its deadly heat; cf. [Isa 51:17], [Isa 51:22]; [Jer 32:1] (ff): [Rev 14:8]; [Rev 18:3]; with τοῦ Θεοῦ added, which God gives the drinker, [Rev 14:10]; with τῆς ὀργῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ added (A. V. fierceness), [Rev 16:19]; [Rev 19:15]; cf. Ewald, Johann. Schriften, Bd. ii., p. 269 note.
θυμός , - οῦ , ὁ
( < θύω ),
[in LXX most freq . for H639, also for H2528, H2740, etc., 30 words in all;]
passion, hot anger, wrath: [Heb 11:27]; ὀργὴ καὶ θ ., [Rom 2:8], cf. [Col 3:8]; πικρία κ . θ ., [Eph 4:31]; πλησθῆναι , πλήρης θυμοῦ , [Luk 4:28], [Act 19:28]; θ . ἔχειν , [Rev 12:12]; o ἶνος τ . θυμοῦ τ . πορνείας ( cf. [Jer 51:7]), [Rev 14:8]; [Rev 18:3] ( cf. [Rev 17:2]); οἶνος τ . θ . τ . θεοῦ , [Rev 14:10]; τ . ὀργῆς τ . θεοῦ , [Rev 16:19]; [Rev 19:15]; ὁ θ . τ . θεοῦ , [Rev 14:19]; [Rev 15:1]; [Rev 15:7]; [Rev 16:1]; pl ., impulses or outbursts of anger: ἔρις , ζῆλος , θυμοὶ , ἐριθίαι , [2Co 12:20], [Gal 5:20] ( Cremer , 287, 733). †
S ΥΝ .: ὀργή G3709, παροργισμός G3950.