δίκαιος [ ῐ], α, ον, also ος, ον

E. Heracl. 901 (lyr.), IT 1202, D.S. 5.72: (δίκη):

I

1. in Hom. and all writers, of persons, observant of custom or rule, Od. 3.52; esp. of social rule, well-ordered, civilized, ὑβρισταί τε καὶ ἄγριοι οὐδὲ δ. 9.175, cf. 8.575; [ Γαλακτοφάγοι] δικαιότατοι Il. 13.6; [ Χείρων] δικαιότατος Κενταύρων 11.832, cf. Thgn. 314, 794; δ. πολίτης a good citizen, D. 3.21, etc.: metaph. of the sea, Sol. 12.2 (Sup.); δικαίη ζόη a civilized way of living, Hdt. 2.177. Adv. δικαίως, μνᾶσθαι woo in due form, decently, Od. 14.90; ὑπὸ ζυγῷ λόφον δ. εἶχον loyally, S. Ant. 292.

2. observant of duty to gods and men, righteous, Od. 13.209, etc.; δ. πρὸς πᾶσαν ὁμιλίην Hp. Medic. 2; ἰθὺς καὶ δ. Hdt. 1.96; opp. δυσσεβής, A. Th. 598, cf. 610; δ. καὶ ὅσιος Pl. Grg. 507b; δικαίων ἀδίκους φρένας παρασπᾷς S. Ant. 791 (lyr.); also of actions, etc., righteous, ἐπὶ ῥηθέντι δικαίῳ a thing rightly said, Od. 18.414, etc.

3. ὁ δίκαιος, euphem. of a sacred snake, GDI 5056 (Crete). later: I equal, even, well-balanced, ἅρμα δίκαιον evengo

II of persons and things,

1. meet and right, fitting, δ. τοῦδε τοῦ φόνου ῥαφεύς A. Ag. 1604; κόσμος οὐ φέρειν δ. Id. Eu. 55; ἵππον δ. ποιεῖσθαί τινι make a horse fit for another’s use, X. Mem. 4.4.5, cf. Cyn. 7.4 (ἵππος δ. τὴν σιαγόνα having a good mouth, Poll. 1.196). normal, σχήματα Hp. Art. 69; φύσις Id. Fract. 1 (Sup.).

2. real, genuine, γόνος S. Fr. [1119]; ποιῶν τὰ ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ δ. Supp.Epigr. 2.184.7 (Tanagra, ii B. C.). Adv., εἴπερ δικαίως ἐστ’ ἐμός really and truly mine, S. Aj. 547, cf. Pl. Cra. 418e.

3. ὁ δ. λόγος the plea of equity, Th. 1.76. Adv. -αίως with reason, Id. 6.34, cf. S. OT 675: Comp. -ότερον Ar. V. 1149, etc.; also -οτέρως Isoc. 15.170: Sup. -ότατα Ar. Av. 1222; Aeol. δικαίτατα IG 12(2).526c17 (Eresus).

III ψυχὴ ἐς τὸ δ. ἔβη ’the land of the leal’, IG 7.2543.3 (Thebes). in Prose, δίκαιός εἰμι, c. inf., δίκαιοί ἐστε ἰέναι you are bound to come, Hdt. 9.60, cf. 8.137; δ. εἰμεν ἔχειν Id. 9.27; δ. εἰμι κολάζειν I have a right to punish, Ar. Nu. 1434, cf. S. Ant. 400; δ. ἐστι περιπεσεῖν κακοῖς Antipho 3.3.7; δ. εἰσι ἀπιστότατοι εἶναι they have most reason to distrust, Th. 4.17; δ. βλάπτεσθαι Lys. 20.12; δ. ἐστιν ἀπολωλέναι dignus est qui pereat, D. 6.37; ὁ σπουδαῖος ἄρχειν δ. has a right to.., Arist. Pol. 1287b12; with a non-personal subject, ἔλεος δ. ἀντιδίδοσθαι Th. 3.40: less freq. in Comp. and Sup., δικαιότεροι χαρίσασθαι Lys. 20.34; δικαιότατος εἶ ἀπαγγέλλειν Pl. Smp. 172b; but δίκαιόν ἐστι is also found, Hdt. 1.39, A. Pr. 611, etc.: pl., δίκαια γὰρ τόνδ’ εὐτυχεῖν S. Aj. 1126, cf. Tr. 495, 1116; δικαίως ἄν, c. opt., Pl. Phdr. 276a. [ δικαίων with penult. short in Orph. Fr. 247.2; cf. οὐ δίκαον· οὐ δίκαιον, Hsch. ]

δίκαιος dikaios 79x

    just, equitable, fair, Mat 20:4; Luk 12:57; Joh 5:30; Col 4:1;

of persons,

just, righteous, absolutely, Joh 17:25; Rom 3:10; Rom 3:26; 2Ti 4:8; 1Pe 3:18; 1Jn 1:9; 1Jn 2:1; 1Jn 2:29; Rev 16:5;

righteous by account and acceptance, Rom 2:13; Rom 5:19; in ordinary usage, just, upright, innocent, pious, Mat 5:45; Mat 9:13, et al. freq.; ὁ δίκαιος, the Just One, one of the distinctive titles of the Messiah, Act 3:14; Act 7:52; Act 22:14 innocent; just; righteous, righteousness; upright.

G1342 — δίκαιος

δίκαια, δίκαιον (from δίκη right) (fr. Homer down), properly, the Hebrew צַדִּיק, "observant of ἡ δίκη, righteous, observing divine and human laws; one who is such as he ought to be; (German rechtbeschaffen; in the earlier language, whence appropriated by Luther,gerecht in a broad sense; in Greek writings used even of physical things, as ἵππος, Xenophon, mem. 4, 4, 5; γήδιον δικαιοτατον, most fertile, Xenophon, Cyril 8, 3, 38; (ἅρμα δίκαιον, ibid. 2, 2, 26));

1. in a wide sense, upright, righteous, virtuous, keeping the commands of God;

a. universally: Mat 1:19 (the meaning is, it was not consistent with his uprightness to expose his betrothed to public reproach); Mat 10:41; Mat 13:43, Mat 13:49; Mat 23:28; Mat 25:37, Mat 25:46; Luk 1:6, Luk 1:17; Luk 14:14; Luk 18:9; Luk 20:20; Rom 5:7 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 117 (111)); 1Ti 1:9; Jam 5:6, Jam 5:16; 1Pe 3:12; 1Jo 3:7 (10 Lachmann); Rev 22:11; opposed to ἁμαρτωλοί καί ἀσεβεῖς, 1Pe 4:18; δίκαιοι καί ἄδικοι, Mat 5:45; Act 24:15; used of O. T. characters noted for piety and probity: Mat 13:17; (Mat 23:29); Heb 12:23; thus of Abel, Mat 23:35; Heb 11:4; of Lot, 2Pe 2:7f. (Wis. 10:4f); of those who seem to themselves to be righteous, who pride themselves on their virtues, whether real or imaginary: Mat 9:13; Mar 2:17; Luk 5:32; Luk 15:7 (Ecc 7:17 (16)). Joined with εὐλαβής, Luk 2:25 (ἤθη ἐυλαβαη καί δίκαια, τό δίκαιον καί ἐυλαβες, Plato, polit., p. 311 a. b.); with ἅγιος, Mar 6:20; with ἀγαθός, Luk 23:50; with φοβούμενος τόν Θεόν, Act 10:22; ἔργα δίκαια, opposite πονηρά, 1Jo 3:12. Neuter τό δίκαιον, that which regard for duty demands, what is right: 2Pe 1:13; plural Phi 4:8; δίκαιον ἐστι, Eph 6:1; Phi 1:7; with the addition of ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ, God being judge, Act 4:19.

b. the negative idea predominating: innocent, faultless, guiltless, (for נָקִי, Pro 1:11; Job 9:23, etc.); thus used of Christ in the speech of Gentiles: Mat 27:19, Mat 27:24 R G L brackets Tr brackets WH marginal reading; Luk 23:47; αἷμα δίκαιον, (Pro 6:17; Joe 3:19 (Joel 3:24); Jon 1:14), Mat 23:35; ( Tr marginal reading WH text); ἡ ἐντολή ἅγια καί δίκαια (having no fellowship with sin (others besides, see the commentaries at the passage)) καί ἀγαθή, Rom 7:12.

c. preeminently, of him whose way of thinking, feeling, and acting is wholly conformed to the will of God, and who therefore needs no rectification in heart or life; in this sense Christ alone can be called δίκαιος: Act 7:52; Act 22:14; 1Pe 3:18; 1Jo 2:1; ἅγιος καί δίκαιος, Act 3:14; among the rest of mankind it is rightly denied that one δίκαιος can be found, Rom 3:10 (Ecclesiastes 7:21-20ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἐστι δίκαιος ἐν τῇ γῆ, ὅς ποιήσει ἀγαθόν καί οὐχ ἁμαρτήσεται). of God: holy, Rom 3:26 (where it is to be closely rendered just or righteous, on account of the following καί τόν δικαιοῦντα, and the justifier or who pronounces righteous, but the substantial meaning is holy, that quality by virtue of which he hates and punishes sin); 1Jo 2:29.

d. contextually, approved God, acceptable to God, (German gottwohlgefallig): Rom 5:19; with the addition ἐκ πίστεως, acceptable to God by faith (Winer's Grammar, 136 (129)): Rom 1:17; Gal 3:11; Heb 10:38; δίκαιος παρά τῷ Θεῷ, Rom 2:13.

2. In a narrower sense, rendering to each his due; and that in a judicial sense, passing just judgment on others, whether expressed in words or shown by the manner of dealing with them: Tit 1:8; so of God recompensing men impartially according to their deeds, Rev 16:5; in the same sense also in Joh 17:25 (who does not award the same fate to the loving and faithful disciples of Christ and to 'the world'); 1Jo 1:9 (who executes the laws of his government, and therefore also the law concerning the pardon of sins); ὁ δίκαιος κριτής, of Christ, 2Ti 4:8; κρίσις δίκαια, Joh 5:30; Joh 7:24; 2Th 1:5; plural, Rev 16:7; Rev 19:2; αἱ ὁδοί τοῦ Θεοῦ δίκαια καί ἀληθιναί, Rev 15:3; neuter τό δίκαιον, what is due to others, Col 4:1; what is agreeable to justice and law, Luk 12:51; δίκαιον namely, ἐστιν, it is agreeable to justice, 2Th 1:6; accordant with deserts, Mat 20:4, and Rec. (See references under the word δικαιόω, at the end; cf. ἀγαθός, at the end.)

δίκαιος , - α , - ον

( < δίκη ),

[in LXX chiefly for H6662 (for rendering of H6662 in sense of correct, v. Deiss., BS , 115 f .); sometimes for H5355 as Pro 1:11, al. ;]

in early Gk . writers,

(a) of persons, observant of ίκη , custom, rule, right, righteous in performing duties to gods and men;

(b) of things, righteous, in accordance with right. In ΝΤ :

1. righteous, chiefly in the broad sense, as above, of the person or thing corresponding to the Divine standard of right;

(a) of persons: of God, Rom 3:26, 1Jn 2:29 ; 1Jn 3:7; of Christ, Act 3:14; Act 7:52; Act 22:14, 1Pe 3:18 , 1Jn 2:1; of men, Mat 1:19 ( Abbott, Essays , 75 f .) Mat 10:41; Mat 13:17; Mat 13:43; Mat 13:49, Luk 1:6; Luk 1:17, Rom 5:7, 1Ti 1:9, Jas 5:6, 1Pe 3:12 , 1Jn 3:7, Rev 22:11, al. ; δ . καὶ εὐλαβής , Luk 2:25; ἅγιος , Mar 6:20; ἀγαθός , Luk 23:50; φοβούμενος τ . θεόν , Act 10:22; opp . to ἀμαρτωλοὶ καὶ ἀσεβεῖς , 1Pe 4:18; ἄδικοι , Mat 5:45, Act 24:15; δ . ἐκ πίστεως , Rom 1:17, Gal 3:11, Heb 10:38 ( LXX ); δ . παρὰ τ . θεῷ , Rom 2:13;

(b) of things: ἔργα δ ., opp . to πονηρὰ , 1Jn 3:12; ἐντολή , Rom 7:12; metaph ., αἷμα , Mat 23:35; τὸ δ ., Luk 12:57; δ . ἐστιν , Act 4:19, Eph 6:1, Php 1:7; ὅ , Mat 20:4; ὅσα , Php 4:8.

2. In narrower sense;

(a) of persons, as in later cl . writers, just, rendering to each his due: Tit 1:8 , 1Jn 1:9; δ . κριτής , 2Ti 4:8;

(b) of things: τὸ δ ., Col 4:1; δ ., sc . ἐστιν , 2Th 1:6; κρίσις δ ., Joh 5:30; ὁδοί , Rev 15:3.

SYN.: ἀγαθός G18 ( q.v. ), καλός G2570, χρηστός G5543 ( Cremer , 183, 690).

詞類次數：形容詞（81）

原文字根：義 相當於：H571（אֱמֶת‎） H3477（יָשָׁר‎） H6662（צַדִּיק‎）

字義溯源：公平的，公義的，正直的，公正的，義，義的，義者，義人，好人，善的，為義，正，正當的，理所當然，合理的，當得的；源自（G1349（δίκη / καταδίκη）*=公正）。神是公義的，是公義的審判者。那義者基督的血，獻上為挽回祭，便滿足了神一切公義的要求，就稱信從基督的人為義

出現次數：總共（81）；太（19）；可（2）；路（11）；約（3）；徒（6）；羅（7）；加（1）；弗（1）；腓（2）；西（1）；帖後（2）；提前（1）；提後（1）；多（1）；來（3）；雅（2）；彼前（3）；彼後（4）；約壹（6）；啓（5）

譯字彙編：

1）義人（32）太1:19；太5:45；太9:13；太10:41；太13:17；太13:43；太13:49；太23:29；太23:35；太25:37；太25:46；太27:19；太27:24；可2:17；路1:6；路5:32；路14:14；路15:7；路23:47；羅1:17；羅3:10；羅5:7；加3:11；提前1:9；來10:38；雅5:6；雅5:16；彼前3:12；彼前4:18；彼後2:7；彼後2:8；約壹3:7；

2）公義的（10）路23:50；約17:25；腓4:8；帖後1:6；提後4:8；約壹1:9；約壹2:29；啓16:5；啓16:7；啓19:2；

3）義的（5）路18:9；羅7:12；彼前3:18；彼後2:8；約壹3:7；

4）義人的（5）太10:41；太10:41；太23:35；路1:17；來12:23；

5）義（4）可6:20；徒10:22；羅3:26；羅5:19；

6）公義（4）太23:28；路2:25；帖後1:5；啓15:3；

7）義者（3）徒7:52；徒22:14；約壹2:1；

8）為義（2）羅2:13；來11:4；

9）公正（2）西4:1；多1:8；

10）善（1）徒24:15；

11）正（1）彼後1:13；

12）理所當然的（1）弗6:1；

13）是義的（1）約壹3:12；

14）正當的（1）腓1:7；

15）為義的（1）啓22:11；

16）公平（1）約7:24；

17）當得的（1）太20:7；

18）當（1）太20:4；

19）是合理的（1）路12:57；

20）好人（1）路20:20；

21）公義者（1）徒3:14；

22）公平的（1）約5:30；

23）合理（1）徒4:19