ἀγᾰθός

[ᾰγ], ή, όν, Lacon. ἀγασός Ar. Lys. 1301, Cypr. ἀζαθός GDI 57: -

good:

I of persons,

1. well-born, gentle, opp. κακός, δειλός, οἷά τε τοῖς ἀγαθοῖσι παραδρώωσι χέρηες Od. 15.324, cf. Il. 1.275; ἀφνειός τ’ ἀ. τε Il. 13.664, cf. Od. 18.276; πατρὸς δ’ εἴμ’ ἀγαθοῖο, θεὰ δέ με γείνατο μήτηρ Il. 21.109, cf. Od. 4.611; κακὸς ἐξ ἀ. Thgn. 190, cf. 57 sq.; πραῢς ἀστοῖς, οὐ φθονέων ἀγαθοῖς Pi. P. 3.71, cf. 2.96, 4.285; τίς ἂν εὔπατρις ὧδε βλάστοι; οὐδεὶς τῶν ἀ. κτλ. S. El. 1082; οἵ τ’ ἀ. πρὸς τῶν ἀγενῶν κατανικῶνται Id. Fr. 84; τοὺς εὐγενεῖς γὰρ κἀγαθοὺς.. φιλεῖ Ἄρης ἐναίρειν ib. 649, cf. E. Alc. 600, al.: ἀγαθοὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀγαθῶν Pl. Phdr. 274a: - in political sense, aristocrats, esp. in the phrase καλοὶ κἀγαθοί (v. sub καλοκἀγαθός).

2. brave, valiant, since courage was attributed to Chiefs and Nobles, Il. 1.131, al.; τῷ κ’ ἀγαθὸς μὲν ἔπεφν’, ἀγαθὸν δέ κεν ἐξενάριξεν 21.280; cf. Hdt. 5.109, etc.

3. good, capable, in reference to ability, ἀ. βασιλεύς Il. 3.179; ἰητήρ 2.732; θεράπων 16.165, 17.388; πύκτης Xenoph. 2.15; ἰητρός Hp. Prog. 1; προβατογνώμων A. Ag. 795; ἄρχοντες Democr. 266: freq. with qualifying words, ἀ. ἐν ὑσμίνῃ Il. 13.314; βοὴν ἀ. 2.408, 563, al.; πύξ Od. 11.300; βίην Il. 6.478; γνώμην S. OT 687; πᾶσαν ἀρετήν Pl. Lg. 899b, cf. Alc. 1.124e; τέχνην Id. Prt. 323b; τὰ πολέμια, τὰ πολιτικά, Hdt. 9.122, Pl. Grg. 516b, etc.: more rarely c. dat., ἀ. πολέμῳ X. Oec. 4.15: with Preps., ἄνδρες ἀ. περὶ τὸ πλῆθος Lys. 13.2; εἴς τι Pl. Alc. 1.125a; πρός τι Id. R. 407e: c. inf., ἀ. μάχεσθαι Hdt. 1.136; ἱππεύεσθαι 1.79; ἀ. ἱστάναι good at weighing, Pl. Prt. 356b.

4. good, in moral sense, first in Thgn. 438, cf. Heraclit. 104, S. El. 1082, X. Mem. 1.7.1, Pl. Ap. 41d, etc.; ψυχῆς ἀγαθῆς πατρὶς ὁ ξύμπας κόσμος Democr. 247: freq. with other Adjs., ὁ πιστὸς κἀ. S. Tr. 541; δικαίων κἀ. ib. 1050: - ironical, τὸν ἀ. Κρέοντα Id. Ant. 31.

5. ὦ ἀγαθέ, my good friend, as a term of gentle remonstrance, Pl. Prt. 311a, etc.

6. ἀ. δαίμων, v. sub δαίμων; ἀ. τύχη, v. sub τύχη; ἀ. θεός = Lat. bona dea, Plu. Caes. 9, Cic. 19.

II of things,

1 good, serviceable, Ἰθάκη.. ἀ. κουροτρόφος Od. 9.27, etc.; ἀ. τοῖς τοκεῦσι, τῇ πόλει X. Cyn. 13.17: c. gen., εἴ τι οἶδα πυρετοῦ ἀ. good for it, Id. Mem. 3.8.3; ἑλκῶν Thphr. HP 9.11.1.

2. of outward circumstances, αἰδὼς οὐκ ἀ. κεχρημένῳ ἀνδρὶ παρεῖναι Od. 17.347; εἰπεῖν εἰς ἀγαθόν to good purpose, Il. 9.102; ὁ δὲ πείσεται εἰς ἀ. περ for his own good end, 11.789; οὐκ ἀγαθὸν πολυκοιρανίη 2.204: - ἀγαθόν [ἐστι ], c. inf., it is good to do so and so[*] Il. 7.282, 24.130, Od. 3.196, etc.

3. morally good, πρῆξις Democr. 177; ἔργα Emp. 112.2, cf. Rom 2:7, etc.

4. ἀγαθόν, τό, good, blessing, benefit, of persons or things, ὦ μέγα ἀ. σὺ τοῖς φίλοις X. Cyr. 5.3.20; φίλον, ὃ μέγιστον ἀ. εἶναί φασι Id. Mem. 2.4.2, cf. Ar. Ra. 74, etc; as term of endearment for a baby, blessing!, treasure!, Men. Sam. 28: - ἀγαθόν τινα δεδρακέναι, πεποιηκέναι confer a benefit on.., Th. 3.68, Lys. 13.92; ἐπ’ ἀγαθῷ τινος for one’s good, Th. 5.27, X. Cyr. 7.4.3; ἐπ’ ἀ. τοῖς πολίταις Ar. Ra. 1487; οὐκ ἐπ’ ἀ. for no good end, Th. 1.131; ἐπ’ οὐδενὶ ἀ. τῆς Ἑλλάδος X. HG 5.2.35: - in pl., ἡ ἐπ’ ἀγαθοῖς γεναμένη (sic) κατασπορά PFlor. 21.10 (iii A.D.): - τὸ ἀ. or τἀ., the good, Epich. 171.5, cf. Pl. R. 506b, 508e, Arist. Metaph. 1091a31, etc.: - in pl., ἀγαθά, τά, goods of fortune, treasures, wealth, Hdt. 2.172, Lys. 13.91, X. Mem. 1.2.63, etc.; ἀγαθὰ πράττειν fare well, Ar. Av. 1706; also, good things, dainties, Thgn. 1000, Ar. Ach. 873, etc.: good qualities, τοῖς ἀ., οἷς ἔχομεν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ Isoc. 8.32, cf. Democr. 37; good points, of a horse, εἰ τἄλλα πάντα ἀ. ἔχοι, κακόπους δ’ εἴη X. Eq. 1.2.

III Comp. and Sup. are usu. supplied from other stems, viz. Comp. ἀμείνων, ἀρείων[] βελτίων, κρείσσων (κάρρων), λωΐων (λὥων), βέλτερος, λωΐτερος, φέρτερος: - Sup. ἄριστος, βέλτιστος, κράτιστος, λώϊστος (λῷστος), βέλτατος, κάρτιστος, φέρτατος, φέριστος: - later, reg. Comp. ἀγαθώτερος LXX Jd. 11.25, LXX Jd. 15.2, D.S. 8 Fr. 12, Plot. 5.5.9, Diod.Rh. p.53.9H.: Sup. ἀγαθώτατος D.S. 16.85, Hld. 5.15, etc. (-ότατος POxy. 1757.26 (ii A.D.)). Adv. usually εὖ, q.v.: ἀγαθῶς Hp. Off. 9, Arist. Rh. 1388b6, LXX 1Ki 20:7. (Etym. dub. (ὅτι ἄγει ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ τὸν ὀρθὸν βίον Stoic. 3.49); perh. cognate with ἄγαμαι, hence admirable.)

ἀγαθός agathos 102x

    good, profitable, generous, upright, virtuous good.

G18 — ἀγαθός

(ή, (akin to ἄγαμαι to wonder at, think highly of, ἀγαστός admirable, as explained by Plato, Crat., p. 412 c. (others besides; cf. Donaldson, New Crat. § 323)), in general denotes"perfectus,... qui habet in se ac facit omnia quae habere et facere debet pro notione nominis, officio ac lege" (Irmisch ad Herodian, 1, 4, p. 134), excelling in any respect, distinguished, good. It can be predicated of persons, things, conditions, qualities and affections of the soul, deeds, times and seasons. To this general significance can be traced back all those senses which the word gathers from the connection in which it stands;

1. of a good constitution or nature: γῆ, Luk 8:8; δένδρον, Mat 7:18, in sense equivalent to 'fertile soil,' 'a fruitful tree,' (Xenophon, oec. 16, 7 γῆ ἀγαθή,... γῆ κακῇ, an. 2, 4, 22 χώρας πολλῆς καί ἀγαθῆς οὔσης). In Luk 8:15 ἀγαθή καρδία corresponds to the figurative expression good ground, and denotes a soul inclined to goodness, and accordingly eager to learn saving truth and ready to bear the fruits (καρπούς ἀγαθούς, Jam 3:17) of a Christian life.

2. useful, salutary: δόσις ἀγαθή (joined to δώρημα τέλειον) a gift which is truly a gift, salutary, Jam 1:17; δόματα ἀγαθά, Mat 7:11; ἐντολή ἀγαθός a commandment profitable to those who keep it, Rom 7:12, according to a Greek scholium equivalent to εἰς τό συμφέρον ἐισηγουμένη, hence, the question in Rom 7:13: τό οὖν ἀγαθόν ἐμοί γέγονε θάνατος; ἀγαθός μερίς the 'good part,' which insures salvation to him who chooses it, Luk 10:42; ἔργον ἀγαθόν (differently in Rom 2:7, etc.) the saving work of God, i. e. substantially, the Christian life, due to divine efficiency, Phi 1:6 (cf. the commentaries at the passage); εἰς ἀγαθόν for good, to advantage, Rom 8:28 (Sir. 7:13; πάντα τοῖς ἐυσεβέσι εἰς ἀγαθά... τοῖς ἁμαρτωλοῖς εἰς κακά, Sir. 39:27; τό κακόν... γίγνεται εἰς ἀγαθόν, Theognis 162); good for, suited to something: πρός οἰκοδομήν, Eph 4:29 (cf. Winers Grammar, 363 (340)) (Xenophon, mem. 4, 6, 10).

3. of the feeling awakened by what is good, pleasant, agreeable, joyful, happy: ἡμέραι ἀγαθάς 1Pe 3:10 (Psa 33:13; Sir. 14:14; 1 Macc. 10:55); ἐλπίς, 2Th 2:16 (μακαρία ἐλπίς, Tit 2:13); συνείδησις, a peaceful conscience, equivalent to consciousness of rectitude, Act 23:1; 1Ti 1:5, 1Ti 1:19; 1Pe 3:16; reconciled to God, 1Pe 3:21.

4. excellent, distinguished: so τί ἀγαθόν, Joh 1:46 (Joh 1:47).

5. upright, honorable: Mat 12:34; Mat 19:16; Luk 6:45; Act 11:24; 1Pe 3:11, etc.; πονηροί καί ἀγαθοί, Mat 5:45; Mat 22:10; ἀγαθός καί δίκαιος, Luk 23:50; καρδία ἀγαθή καί καλή, Luk 8:15 (see καλός, b.); fulfilling the duty or service demanded, δοῦλε ἀγαθέ καί πιστέ, Mat 25:21, Mat 25:23; upright, free from guile, particularly from a desire to corrupt the people, Joh 7:12; preeminently of God, as consummately and essentially good, Mat 19:17 (Mar 10:18; Luk 18:19); ἀγαθός θησαυρός in Mat 12:35; Luk 6:45 denotes the soul considered as the repository of pure thoughts which are brought forth in speech; πίστις ἀγαθός the fidelity due from a servant to his master, Tit 2:10 (WH marginal reading omits); on ἀγαθόν ἔργον, ἀγαθά ἔργα, see ἔργον. In a narrower sense, benevolent, kind, generous: Mat 20:15; 1Pe 2:18; μνεία, 1Th 3:6 (cf. 2 Macc. 7:20); beneficent (Xenophon, Cyril 3, 3, 4; טוב, Jer 33:11; Psa 34:9; Cicero, nat. deor. 2, 25, 64 "optimus i. e.beneficentissimus), Rom 5:7, where the meaning is, Hardly for an innocent man does one encounter death; for if he even dares hazard his life for another, he does so for a benefactor (one from whom he has received favors); cf. Winer's Grammar, 117 (111); (Gifford in the Speaker's Commentary, p. 123). The neuter used substantively denotes:

1. a good thing, convenience, advantage, and in partic.

a. in the plural, external goods, riches: Luk 1:53; Luk 12:18f. (Sir. 14:4; Wis. 7:11); τά ἀγαθά σου comforts and delights which thy wealth procured for thee in abundance, Luk 16:25 (opposed to κακά, as in Sir. 11:14); outward and inward good things, Gal 6:6, cf. Wieseler at the passage.

b. the benefits of the Messianic kingdom: Rom 10:15; τά μέλλοντα ἀγαθῶν, Heb 9:11; Heb 10:1.

2. what is upright, honorable, and acceptable to God: Rom 12:2; ἐργάζεσθαι τό ἀγαθόν Rom 2:10; Eph 4:28; πράσσειν, Rom 9:11; (2Co 5:10); διώκειν, 1Th 5:15; μιμεῖσθαι, 3Jo 1:11; κολλᾶσθαι τῷ ἀγαθῷ Rom 12:9; τί με ἐρωτᾷς περί τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ, Mat 19:17 G L T Tr WH, where the word expresses the general idea of right. Specifically, what is salutary, suited to the course of human affairs: in the phrase διάκονος εἰς τό ἀγαθόν Rom 13:4; of rendering service, Gal 6:10; Rom 12:21; τό ἀγαθόν σου the favor thou conferrest, Phi 1:14. ("It is to be regarded as a peculiarity in the usage of the Sept. that טוב good is predominantly (?) rendered by καλός.... The translator of Genesis uses ἀγαθός only in the neuter, good, goods, and this has been to a degree the model for the other translators.... In the Greek O. T., where οἱ δίκαιοι is the technical designation of the pious, οἱ ἀγαθοί or ὁ ἀγαθός does not occur in so general a sense. The ἀνήρ ἀγαθός is peculiar only to the Proverbs (Pro 13:22, Pro 13:24; Pro 15:3); cf. besides the solitary instance in 1Ki 2:32. Thus, even in the usage of the O. T. we are reminded of Christ's words, Mar 10:18, οὐδείς ἀγαθός εἰ μή εἷς ὁ Θεός. In the O. T. the term 'righteous' makes reference rather to a covenant and to one's relation to a positive standard; ἀγαθός would express the absolute idea of moral goodness" (Zezschwitz, Profangraec. u. Biblical Sprachgeist, Leipz. 1859, p. 60). Cf. Tittm., p. 19. On the comparison of ἀγαθός see B. 27 (24).)

ἀγαθός , - ή , - όν ,

[in LXX chiefly for H2869;]

in general, good, in physical and in moral sense, used of persons, things, acts, conditions, etc., applied to that which is regarded as "perfect in its kind, so as to produce pleasure and satisfaction, ... that which, in itself good, is also at once for the good and the advantage of him who comes in contact with it" ( Cremer , 3): γῆ , Luk 8:8; δένδρον , Mat 7:18; καρδία , Luk 8:15; δόσίς , Jas 1:17; μερίς , Luk 10:42; ἔργον ( freq . in P1.), Php 1:6; ἐλπίς , 2Th 2:16; θησαυρός , Mat 12:35; μνεία , 1Th 3:6 ( cf. 2Ma 7:20 ); as subst ., τό ἀ ., that which is morally good, beneficial, acceptable to God, Rom 12:2; έργάζεσθαι τό ἀ ., Rom 2:10, Eph 4:28; πράσσειν , Rom 9:11, 2Co 5:10; διώκειν , 1Th 5:13; μιμεῖσθαι , 3Jn 1:11; κολλᾶσθαι τῷ ἀ ., Rom 12:9; ἐρωτᾶν περί τοῦ ἀ ., Mat 19:17; διάκονος είς τό ἀ., Rom 13:4; τό ἀ . σου , thy favour, benefit, Phm 1:14; pl ., τὰ ἀ ., of goods, possessions, Luk 12:18; of spiritual benefits, Rom 10:15, Heb 9:11 Heb 10:1. ἀ . is opp . to πονηρός , Mat 5:45 Mat 20:15; κακός, Rom 7:19; φαῦλος , Rom 9:11, 2Co 5:10 ( cf. MM , VGT , s.v. ).

SYN.: καλός G2570, δίκαιος G1342. κ . properly refers to goodliness as mani-fested in form: ἀ . to inner excellence ( cf. the cl . καλὸς G2570 κἀγαθὸς and ἐν καρδίᾳ G2588 κ . καί ἀ ., Luk 8:15). InRom 5:7, where it is contrasted with δ ., ἀ . implies a kindliness and attractiveness not necessarily possessed by the δίκαιος , who merely measures up to a high standard of rectitude ( cf. ἀγαθωσύνη G19).

詞類次數：形容詞（102）

原文字根：善的 相當於：H2896（טָבַב‎ / טִבָּה‎ / טֹוב‎ / טֹובָה‎）

字義溯源：善的*，完全的，完美的，正直的，親切的，善良的，良善的，純善的，好人，好的，益處，無虧的，美好的，有益的，美褔，美食，仁人，財物。這字用來描寫人，就說：好人（太20:15），描寫事，物，就說：良善的（路19:17），描寫行為，便說：無虧的（彼前3:16），本書譯為：純善的。神的本性乃是絕對的良善，主耶穌說，除了神一位之外，再沒有良善的（可10:18；路18:19）

同源字：1）G14（ἀγαθοεργέω）去行善 2）G15（ἀγαθοποιέω）作行好者 3）G16（ἀγαθοποιί̈α）好行為 4）G17（ἀγαθοποιός）善的 5）G19（ἀγαθωσύνη）良善 6）G865（ἀφιλάγαθος）不愛良善 7）G5358（φιλάγαθος）喜愛良善

同義字：1）G18（ἀγαθός / ἀγαθοεργός）善的 2）G2570（καλός）美好的，好 3）G5543（χρηστός）合用的，恩慈

出現次數：總共（102）；太（16）；可（4）；路（16）；約（3）；徒（3）；羅（21）；林後（2）；加（2）；弗（4）；腓（1）；西（1）；帖前（2）；帖後（2）；提前（4）；提後（2）；多（4）；門（2）；來（3）；雅（2）；彼前（7）；約叄（1）

譯字彙編：

1）善（37）太12:35；太12:35；太12:35；太19:16；太19:17；太22:10；可3:4；路6:45；路6:45；路6:45；徒9:36；羅2:7；羅2:10；羅7:18；羅7:19；羅9:11；羅12:21；羅13:3；羅13:3；羅14:16；羅16:19；林後5:10；林後9:8；加6:10；弗2:10；腓1:6；西1:10；提前2:10；提前5:10；提後2:21；提後3:17；多1:16；多3:1；雅3:17；彼前3:11；彼前3:13；約叄1:11；

2）好（7）太7:11；太7:17；太7:18；路8:8；徒11:24；彼前3:10；彼前3:16；

3）良善（6）太25:21；太25:23；羅7:13；帖前5:15；多2:5；多2:10；

4）良善的（6）可10:17；可10:18；路18:18；路18:19；路18:19；路19:17；

5）善的（5）太19:17；約5:29；羅7:12；羅7:13；羅12:9；

6）善良（3）路23:50；羅12:2；彼前2:18；

7）好的（3）路10:42；路11:13；約1:46；

8）好人（3）太5:45；太20:15；約7:12；

9）純善的（3）徒23:1；提前1:5；彼前3:16；

10）善事（3）羅3:8；弗6:8；來13:21；

11）財物（2）路12:18；路12:19；

12）益處（2）羅8:28；羅15:2；

13）無虧的（1）提前1:19；

14）美好的（1）帖後2:17；

15）美好（1）帖後2:16；

16）親切的（1）帖前3:6；

17）善事的（1）門1:6；

18）善意（1）門1:14；

19）有純善的（1）彼前3:21；

20）美善的（1）雅1:17；

21）美事的（1）來10:1；

22）美事（1）來9:11；

23）善言（1）弗4:29；

24）美物（1）加6:6；

25）好話（1）太12:34；

26）是良善的（1）可10:18；

27）福（1）路16:25；

28）用美食（1）路1:53；

29）好東西（1）太7:11；

30）仁人（1）羅5:7；

31）善良的（1）路8:15；

32）有益的（1）羅13:4；

33）喜信（1）羅10:15；

34）正當的（1）弗4:28