H2617. checed
חֶ֫סֶד: 247 noun masculine[2Sam 16:17] goodness, kindness; — absolute ׳ח [Gen 24:12] 85t.; חָ֑סֶד [39:21] [12]t.; construct חֶסֶד [1Sam 20:14] [8]t.; suffix חַסְדִּי Psalm 59:18 120t. suffixes; plural חֲסָדִים [Gen 32:11]; construct חַסֵדֵי [Isa 55:3] [5]t. (BaerJes p. 79 Ges§ 93, R, 1. F.); suffix חֲסָדַי [Neh 13:14] + 10t. suffixes; (not in H or P).
I. of man:
1 kindness of men towards men, in doing favours and benefits [1Sam 20:15]; [2Sam 16:17]; [Psa 141:5]; [Prov 19:22]; [20:6]; ׳ח יהוה [1Sam 20:14] the kindness of ׳י (such as he shews, Thes MV; that sworn to by oath to Yahweh Mich Dathe; shewn out of reverence to Yahweh Th Ke); compare ׳ח אלהים [2Sam 9:3]; ׳תּוֺרַתאח [Prov 31:26] instruction in kindness, kindly instruction עִמָּדִי חֶסֶד עָשָׂה do or shew kindness (in dealing) with me [Gen 20:13]; [40:14] (E), [1Sam 20:14]; [2Sam 10:2] (עִמִּי in || [1Chr 19:2]); with עִם [Gen 21:23] (E), [24:12], [14]; [Josh 2:12] (twice in verse); [Judg 1:24] (J), [8:35]; [1Sam 15:6]; [2Sam 2:5]; [3:8]; [9:1]; [9:3]; [9:7], 10:20a = [1Chr 19:2]a, [19:2]b [2Chr 24:22]; with עַל [1Sam 20:8] with לְ [1Kin 2:7]; ח ׳נשׂא לפני obtain kindness before [Est 2:9], [17]; ח ׳היטיב [Ruth 3:10].
2 kindness (especially as extended to the lowly, needy and miserable), mercy [Prov 20:28]; [Job 6:14]; חסד אישׁ merciful man [Prov 11:17] (opposed to אַכְזָרִי); ח ׳מַלְכֵּי merciful kings [1Kin 20:31]; ח ׳עשׂה [Psa 109:16]; in this sense usually with other attributes (see also below II.2); || אמת [Hosea 4:1]; [Isa 16:5]; ׳ח ואמת [Prov 3:3]; [14:22]; [16:6]; [20:28]; ח ׳עשׂה ואמת [Gen 24:49]; [47:29]; [Josh 2:14] (J; RV gives thse under 1); || צדקה [Hosea 10:12]; וח ׳צדקה [Prov 21:21]; || משׁפט [Micah 6:8]; ׳ח ומשׁפט [Hosea 12:7]; || חוֺנֵן [Psa 109:12]; ׳ח ורחמים [Zech 7:9]; [Dan 1:9]. — (On [Hosea 6:4], [6] see 3 below)
3 (rarely) affection if Israel to ׳י love to God, piety: ׳ח נְעוּרַיִךְ [Jer 2:2] priety of thy youth (|| love of thine espousals to Yahweh); possibly also כַּעֲנַןבֹּֿקֶר חַסְדְּכֶם [Hosea 6:4] your piety is like a morning cloud (fleeting), and וְלאֹזָֿ֑בַח חָפַצְתִּי חֶסֶד כִּי [6:6] for piety I delight in and not in peace-offering (|| אלהים דעת, compare [1Sam 15:22]); — so Wü Now Hi ([15:4]) Che; Ke Hi ([15:6]) al. below 2 (or
1); — חֶסֶד נַנְשֵׁי men of piety [Isa 57:1] (|| צַדִּיק); plural pious acts[2Chr 32:32]; [35:26]; [Neh 13:14].
4 lovely appearance: הַשָֹּׁדֶה כְּצִיץ כָּלחַֿסְדּוֺ [Isa 40:6] all its loveliness as the flower of the field (so Thes Hi De Che Di and others; but δόξα ᵐ5[1Pet 1:24] & gloria ᵑ9 favour an original reading הוֺדוֺ Lo or כְּבֹדוֺ Ew, see BrMP 375; Du הֲדָרוֺ).
II. of God: kindness, lovingkindness in condescendig to the needs of his creatures. He is חַסְדָּם their goodness favour [Jonah 2:9]; חַסְדִּי [Psa 144:2]; חַסְדִּי אֱלֹהֵי God of my kindness Psalm 59:18; in [59:11] read חַסְדּוֺ אֱלֹהַי my God with his kindness ᵑ9 ᵐ5 Ew Hup De Pe Che Bae; his is the kindness Psalm 62:13; it is with him [130:7]; he delights in it [Micah 7:18].
1 specifically lovingkindness:
a. in redemption from enemies and troubles [Gen 19:19]; [39:21] (J), [Exod 15:13] (song), [Jer 31:3]; [Ezra 7:28]; [9:9]; [Psa 21:8]; [31:17]; [31:22]; [32:10]; [33:22]; [36:8]; [36:11]; [42:9]; Psalm 44:27; [48:10]; [59:17]; [66:20]; [85:8]; [90:14]; [94:18]; [107:8]; [107:15]; [107:21]; [107:31]; [143:8]; [143:12]; [Job 37:13]; [Ruth 1:8]; [2:20]; men should trust in it [Psa 13:6]; Psalm 52:10; rejoice in it [31:8]; hope in it [33:18]; [147:11].
b. in preservation of life from death [Psa 6:5]; [86:13]; [Job 10:12].
c. in quickening of spiritual life [Psa 109:26]; [119:41]; [119:76]; [119:88]; [119:124]; [119:149]; [119:159].
d. in redemption from sin [Psa 25:7]; [51:3].
e. in keeping the covenants, with Abraham [Micah 7:20]; with Moses and Israel וְ(הַ)חֶסֶד הַבְּרִית שׁמר keep-eth the covenant and the lovingkindness [Deut 7:9], [12]; [1Kin 8:23] [2Chr 6:14]; [Neh 1:5]; [9:32]; [Dan 9:4]; with David and his dynasty [2Sam 7:15] = [1Chr 17:13]; [2Sam 22:51] = Psalm 18:51, [1Kin 3:6] (twice in verse) = [2Chr 1:8]; [Psa 89:29]; [89:34]; with the wife Zion [Isa 54:10].
2 חֶסֶד is grouped with other divine attributes: ואמת חסד kindness (lovingkindness) and fidelity [Gen 24:27] (J), [Psa 25:10]; [41:11]; [40:12]; [57:4]; [61:8]; [85:11]; [89:15]; [115:1]; [138:2]; ח ׳עשׂה עם ואמת [2Sam 2:6]; [15:20] (ᵐ5, see Dr); with אֶתֿ [Gen 24:49]; ח ׳רַב ואמת [Exod 34:6] (JE), [Psa 86:15]; also || אמת [Micah 7:20]; [Psa 26:3]; [117:2]; || אֱמוּנָה [88:12]; [89:3]; [92:3]; וח ׳אמונה [89:25]; ׳ח ואמונה [98:3]; || רחמים [77:9]; ׳ח ורחמים [Jer 16:5]; [Hosea 2:21]; [Psa 103:4]; ׳ח ומשׁפט [Jer 9:23]; [Psa 101:1]; || צדקה [36:11]; וח ׳טוב [23:6].
3 the kindness of God is
a. abundant: רַבחֶֿסֶד abundant, plenteous in kindness (goodness) [Num 14:18] (J), [Neh 9:17] (Qr), [Joel 2:13]; [Jonah 4:2]; [Psa 86:5]; [103:8] (compare [Exod 34:6] J E; [Psa 86:15]); חַסְדְּךָ רֹב [Neh 13:22]; [Psa 5:8]; [69:14]; [106:7] (ᵑ9 ᵐ5 Aq Targan, to be preferred to חֲסָדֶיךָ ᵑ0); חֲסָדָו֯ רֹב [Lam 3:32]; [Psa 106:45] (Kt ᵐ5 in both to be preferred).
b. great in extent: חִ ׳נֹּדֶל greatness of thy mercy [Num 14:19] (J); ׳נְּדָו֯וֺלחֿ [Psa 145:8]; it is kept for thousands [Exod 34:7] (JE), [Jer 32:18], especially of those connected with lovers of ׳י, [Exod 20:6] = [Deut 5:10]; for 1000 Generations [7:9]; it is great as the heavens [Psa 57:11]; [103:11], compare [36:6]; [108:5]; the earth is full of it [33:5]; [119:64].
c. everlasting: חסדוֺ לעולם [Jer 33:11]; [1Chr 16:34], [41]; [2Chr 5:13]; [7:3], [6]; [20:21]; [Ezra 3:11]; [Psa 100:5]; [106:1]; [107:1]; [118:1]; [118:2]; [118:3]; [118:4]; [118:29]; [136:1] (26 t.); לעולם חסדךָ [138:8]; עולם ועד ׳ח מעולם [103:17]; ׳ח עולם [Isa 54:8]; היום ׳ח כּל אל [Psa 52:3].
d. good: חַסְדְּךָ כִּיטֿוֺב [Psa 69:17]; [109:21]; מחיים חסדךָ טוב כי [63:4].
4 plural mercies, deeds of kindness, the historic displays of lovingkindness to Israel: shewn to Jacob [Gen 32:11] (R); but mostly late [Isa 63:7]; [Psa 25:6]; [89:2]; חסִדיו כְּרֹב [Isa 63:7], see
3a; promised in the Davidic covenant Psalm Isa 89:50; דָוִיד חַסְדֵי mercies to David [Isa 55:3]; [2Chr 6:42]; mercies in General [Lam 3:22]; [Psa 17:7]; [107:43]f. — חֶסֶד in proper name, masculine ׳בןחֿ see below בֵּן. On [Lev 20:17]; [Prov 14:34] see חֶסֶד below II. חסד.
II. חֶ֫סֶד noun masculine shame, reproach, only absolute: — ׳ח הוּא [Lev 20:17] (H) it is a shame (shameful thing); ׳ח חַטָּאת לְאֻמִּים [Prov 14:34] sin is a reproach to peoples.
חֶסֶד
原文音譯:ds,x, kheh’-sed
詞類次數:名詞(252)
原文字根:仁慈;相當於G1656(ἔλεος) G2133(εὔνοια)
字義溯源:恩慈,(隱喻向著神的)虔誠,蒙寵,恩,恩典,恩愛,厚恩,善行,善事,仁慈,慈愛,憐憫,憐恤,憐愛,責備,信實;忠實,不變的愛。這字出自(H2616(חָסַד)*=俯首,仁慈)這字是舊約希伯來文中一些最重要的字之一,用來描寫神的屬性,進而認識神的本性,特別是論及對他約的忠實,和對他話的信實。舊約各卷書的著者用此字非常廣範,三十九卷書中有二十八卷書都用過此字,詩篇用得最多,127次。現歸納成四點來描述這字的使用:第一,人與人之間的行為。如亞伯拉罕為了保護自己的生命,要他妻子對外稱他為哥哥,這就算是她對他的‘恩典’了([創20:13])這個事實乃是說出,因一個人的行動,使另一個人得著實惠,蒙受恩典。其他類似的事例可參讀([創40:14];[何2:19])第二,兩類人物之間彼此持續的態度。使用上重在忠實與信實的恩待,如喇合保護了兩個探子,就要求他們將來要恩待她和她的父家([書2:12][,14])其他類似的事例,可參讀([創47:29];[撒下10:2])第三,個人之間或以色列對神之間的行動。如太監希該喜悅以斯帖,就恩待她([斯2:9]),又如但以理在太監長眼前蒙恩惠([但1:9])其次,以色列人對神的態度與行動,乃是反面的表現,如先知何西阿指責以色列人說,這地上無誠實,無慈愛(或:無良善),無人認識神([何4:1]),接著又指責說,因為你們的慈愛(或:良善)如同早晨的雲彩,又如早上散去的甘露([何6:4]),然後先知就點出,神喜愛憐恤,不喜愛祭祀;喜愛認識神,勝於燔祭([何6:6]),主耶穌也曾引用這經文。([彌6:8])列出神向世人所要的是:行公義,愛恩慈,存謙卑與你的神同行。第四,神對人及以色列的行動。這是最重要的一點,因為從神的行動中,我們可以認識神的本質。耶利米哀歌在滿了悲慘的光景中,卻說:我們不至消滅,是出於耶和華諸般的慈愛;是因他的憐憫,不至斷絕([哀3:22])神應許大衛要堅定他的國位,直到永遠([撒下7:13][,16]),乃是在於神的慈愛不離開他([撒下7:15]; [22:51])但以理禁食,披麻蒙灰,定意向主神祈禱,乃是根據神向愛主守主誡命的人,守約施慈愛([但9:4],
5)神對他子民奇妙的恩愛,常從他子民的感讚中流露出來:應當稱謝耶和華,因他本為善,他的慈愛永遠長存([代上16:34];[代下20:21])詩篇[136]篇的26節經文中,說整個宇宙的存在,和以色列得以延續到今天,都因他的慈愛永遠長存
出現次數:總共(247);創(11);出(4);利(1);民(2);申(3);書(3);士(2);得(3);撒上(4);撒下(12);王上(5);代上(5);代下(10);拉(3);尼(5);斯(2);伯(3);詩(127);箴(11);賽(8);耶(6);哀(2);但(2);何(6);珥(1);拿(2);彌(3);亞(1)
譯字彙編:
1)慈愛(56)[創19:19];[出20:6];[出34:6];[出34:7];[民14:18];[申5:10];[書2:14];[撒下22:51];[代下1:8];[尼9:17];[尼13:22];[伯10:12];[伯37:13];[詩5:7];[詩13:5];[詩17:7];[詩23:6];[詩25:10];[詩31:21];[詩36:10];[詩52:8];[詩61:7];[詩62:12];[詩69:13];[詩85:10];[詩86:5];[詩86:13];[詩86:15];[詩89:14];[詩89:49];[詩101:1];[詩103:8];[詩106:7];[詩106:45];[詩107:15];[詩117:2];[詩118:2];[詩118:3];[詩118:4];[詩119:76];[詩145:8];[詩147:11];[箴11:17];[箴16:6];[賽54:8];[賽63:7];[耶9:24];[耶31:3];[耶32:18];[哀3:32];[何2:19];[何4:1];[何10:12];[何12:6];[珥2:13];[拿4:2];
2)他的慈愛(44)[代上16:34];[代上16:41];[代下5:13];[代下7:3];[代下7:6];[代下20:21];[拉3:11];[詩42:8];[詩57:3];[詩59:10];[詩77:8];[詩100:5];[詩103:11];[詩106:1];[詩107:1];[詩118:1];[詩118:29];[詩136:1];[詩136:2];[詩136:3];[詩136:4];[詩136:5];[詩136:6];[詩136:7];[詩136:8];[詩136:9];[詩136:10];[詩136:11];[詩136:12];[詩136:13];[詩136:14];[詩136:15];[詩136:16];[詩136:17];[詩136:18];[詩136:19];[詩136:20];[詩136:21];[詩136:22];[詩136:23];[詩136:24];[詩136:25];[詩136:26];[耶33:11];
3)你的慈愛(33)[出15:13];[詩6:4];[詩25:7];[詩26:3];[詩31:16];[詩36:5];[詩36:7];[詩40:10];[詩44:26];[詩48:9];[詩51:1];[詩57:10];[詩59:16];[詩63:3];[詩69:16];[詩85:7];[詩88:11];[詩89:2];[詩90:14];[詩92:2];[詩94:18];[詩108:4];[詩109:21];[詩109:26];[詩115:1];[詩119:64];[詩119:88];[詩119:124];[詩119:159];[詩138:2];[詩138:8];[詩143:8];[詩143:12];
4)恩(12)[創39:21];[創40:14];[士1:24];[得1:8];[撒上20:8];[撒下9:1];[撒下9:7];[撒下10:2];[拉7:28];[拉9:9];[斯2:9];[詩109:16];
5)的慈愛(11)[撒上20:14];[詩21:7];[詩33:5];[詩52:1];[詩89:1];[詩98:3];[詩107:21];[詩107:31];[詩107:43];[賽63:7];[哀3:22];
6)恩慈(7)[創24:12];[創24:14];[創24:49];[書2:12];[王上3:6];[詩18:50];[彌6:8];
7)(那)慈愛(5)[創32:10];[申7:12];[詩130:7];[賽16:5];[耶16:5];
8)恩典(4)[創20:13];[代上19:2];[代上19:2];[賽55:3];
9)仁慈(3)[王上20:31];[箴20:6];[箴20:28];
10)施慈愛(3)[尼1:5];[詩33:22];[彌7:20];
11)但我的慈愛(2)[撒下7:15];[賽54:10];
12)恩惠(2)[撒上20:15];[但1:9];
13)我的慈愛(2)[代上17:13];[詩89:28];
14)施恩(2)[詩109:12];[彌7:18];
15)用慈愛(2)[創47:29];[撒下2:6];
16)以慈愛(2)[詩103:4];[亞7:9];
17)(那)施慈愛(2)[王上8:23];[代下6:14];
18)使慈愛(1)[箴3:3];
19)和我的慈愛(1)[詩89:24];
20)我慈愛的(1)[詩144:2];
21)或叫他的慈愛(1)[詩66:20];
22)只是我的慈愛(1)[詩89:33];
23)因他的慈愛(1)[詩107:8];
24)你慈愛(1)[詩119:149];
25)使你的慈愛(1)[詩119:41];
26)這是恩慈(1)[詩141:5];
27)和慈愛的(1)[箴21:21];
28)憐恤(1)[何6:6];
29)因為你們的愛心(1)[何6:4];
30)施那慈愛(1)[但9:4];
31)憐愛他們的(1)[拿2:8];
32)你的⋯恩慈(1)[民14:19];
33)但⋯的慈愛(1)[詩103:17];
34)你顯出⋯堅定的恩愛(1)[得3:10];
35)的恩愛(1)[耶2:2];
36)虔誠(1)[賽57:1];
37)就是他的慈愛(1)[箴19:22];
38)的羞辱(1)[箴14:34];
39)(那)仁慈(1)[箴20:28];
40)是我慈愛(1)[詩59:17];
41)美容(1)[賽40:6];
42)有仁慈(1)[箴31:26];
43)必得慈愛(1)[箴14:22];
44)那施慈愛的(1)[尼9:32];
45)(那)厚(1)[撒下2:5];
46)曾用恩慈(1)[撒上15:6];
47)我恩(1)[撒下3:8];
48)的恩慈(1)[撒下9:3];
49)願慈愛(1)[撒下15:20];
50)我要厚(1)[撒下10:2];
51)恩待(1)[得2:20];
52)而厚(1)[士8:35];
53)他的恩慈(1)[創24:27];
54)厚恩(1)[創21:23];
55)可恥的事(1)[利20:17];
56)和那慈愛(1)[申7:9];
57)待以恩慈(1)[書2:12];
58)的信實(1)[撒下16:17];
59)你要恩(1)[王上2:7];
60)和你的恩慈(1)[詩25:6];
61)要待以慈愛(1)[伯6:14];
62)你慈愛中(1)[詩31:7];
63)必有慈愛(1)[詩32:10];
64)他慈愛(1)[詩33:18];
65)愛(1)[斯2:17];
66)我的善行(1)[尼13:14];
67)所施的慈愛(1)[代下6:42];
68)(那)恩慈(1)[王上3:6];
69)(那)恩(1)[代下24:22];
70)和他的善行(1)[代下32:32];
71)而行的善事(1)[代下35:26];
72)願你的慈愛(1)[詩40:11]