H4941. mishpat
מִשְׁמָּט422 noun masculine[Gen 40:13] judgment; — absolute מִשְׁמָּט [Exod 21:31] 203t., + לְשְִׁ֯מָּט [Ezek 44:24] (but read Kt לִשְׁמֹּט with ᵑ6 ᵑ7 ᵐ5 Co and others); construct מִשְׁמַּט [Exod 23:6] 50t.; suffix מִשְׁמָּטִי [Isa 40:27] +; מִשְׁמָּטָם [Jer 49:12] +; מִשְׁמָּטָן [Num 27:5]; plural מִשְׁמָּטִים [Jer 4:12] 34t.; suffix מִשְׁמָּטֶיךָ [Deut 33:10] +, etc.; —
1 judgment:
a. act of deciding a case: ׳מ be-longeth to God [Deut 1:17], is from him [Prov 16:33]; [29:26]; הַמּ ׳אֱלֹהֵי [Mal 2:17]; מ ׳חשֶׁן [Exod 28:15] the pouch of judgment, so [28:29]; [28:30] (P); worn on heart of Aaron [28:30] (P); ׳מ צֶדֶק [Deut 16:18]; מ ׳הֵבִין [Job 32:9]; מ ׳שׁפט [1Kin 3:28]; מ ׳עשׂה [3:28]; (ה)מ ׳דְּבַר [Deut 17:9]; [2Chr 19:6]; מ ׳רוח [Isa 28:6]; במשׁפט [Lev 19:15], [35] (H) [Deut 1:17]; [Prov 16:10]; [24:23]; ׳במ חאורים [Num 27:21] (P); למשׁפט [35:12]; [Josh 20:6] (P) [Deut 17:8]; [Judg 4:5]; [2Sam 15:2], [6]; [2Chr 19:8]; [Isa 34:5]; [41:1]; [54:17]; [59:11]; [Hab 1:12]; [Mal 3:5]; [Psa 9:8]; [35:23]; [76:10]; [122:5]; [Job 9:19] ([Ezek 44:24] see above).
b. place, court seat of judgment [Deut 25:1]; [1Kin 7:7]; [Isa 28:6]; [Eccl 3:16].
c. process, procedure, litigation before judges: במ ׳הֵבִיא [Job 14:3]; [Eccl 11:9]; [12:14]; במ ׳בא, with עם [Isa 3:14]; [Job 22:4], with את [Psa 143:2], with יחדו [Job 9:32], במ ׳חלד [34:23], compare [Ezek 34:16]; [Psa 112:5]; plural משׁפטים דבּר, with את litigate with [Jer 1:16]; [4:12]; [12:1]; [39:5] = [52:9], singular מִשְׁמָּט in || [2Kin 25:6], by error.
d. case or cause presented for judgment: מ ׳בעל [Isa 50:8]; מ ׳ערךְ [Job 13:18]; [23:4]; מ ׳שׁמע [1Kin 3:11]; מ ׳שׁפט [Lam 3:59], compare [Num 27:5] (P) [2Sam 15:4].
e. sentence, decision of judgment: משׁפטךָ כן [1Kin 20:40] thus is thy sentence; ומ ׳עת [Eccl 8:5-6], time and sentence; מ ׳על [Deut 17:11] according to the sentence; ׳מ מָוֶת [19:6]; [21:22]; [Jer 26:11], [16]; ׳מ דמים [Ezek 7:23], compare [Hab 1:4] (twice in verse); [Psa 7:7]; [17:2]; [Ezek 23:45]; plural only Ezekiel 16:68 נאפות משׁפטֵי; [Hosea 6:5] read singular בָאוֺד מִשְׁמָּטִי for אוֺר מִשְׁמָּטֶיךָ after ᵑ7 ᵑ6 ᵐ5 Ew Hi Che and most modern
f. execution of judgment, in General, מ ׳עשׂה, with בֵּין [Jer 7:5]; [Ezek 18:8], compare [Deut 32:41]; [Zeph 3:8]; with בְּ against [Psa 119:84]; [149:9]; ב omitted [9:17]; [Ezek 39:21], ׳מ אל בא [Jer 48:21], מ ׳ברוח [Isa 4:4], ׳מ מואב [Jer 48:47], compare [Isa 53:8]; [Jer 51:9]; [Hosea 5:1], [11]; [10:4]; [Job 36:17]; plural [Isa 26:8-9], [Ezek 5:8]; [Zeph 3:15]; [Psa 10:5]; in favour of, משׁפטִי עשׂה [Micah 7:9]; [Psa 9:5]; ׳מ לעשׁוקים [146:7]; מ ׳דין והציל [Jer 21:12], compare [Zech 7:9]; [8:16]; plural [Psa 48:12] = [97:8]Psalm 6; Psalm 5; 7= [1Chr 16:12], [14].
g. time of judgment, במ יקומו ׳לִא [Psa 1:5] (late; probably judgment of the resurrection).
2 attribute of the שֹׁפֵט, justice, right, rectitude:
a. of God, מ ׳אלהי [Isa 30:18]; מ יַעֲשֶׂה לֹא כָּלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳הֲשֹׁפֵט [Gen 18:25] (J), compare [Job 40:8]; [Deut 32:4]; [Psa 111:7]; he loves it [33:5]; [37:28]; [99:4]; ומ ׳צדק [Hosea 2:21]; [Psa 89:15] = [97:2]; will not pervert it [Job 8:3]; [34:12], compare [37:23]; כמשׁפטךָ [Psa 119:149] (|| חסדךָ); רָבָּה תְּהוֺם מִשְׁמָּֽטְךָ [36:7] (read singular).
b. of man: מ שֹׁמְרֵי ׳אַשְׁרֵי [Psa 106:8] (|| צדקה); the tongue of the wise speaketh ׳מ [37:30]; so of thoughts ׳מ [Prov 12:5]; put on ׳מ as robe [Job 29:14], chosen [34:4]; מ ׳עשׂה: God requires that man should do it [Micah 6:8]; [Isa 1:17]; [56:1], compare [61:8]; it is the joy of the righteous [Prov 21:15]; rulers should know it [Micah 3:1], compare [Prov 29:4]; wicked ruler מ ׳שׂוֺנֵא [Job 34:17]; abhors it [Micah 3:9], compare [Prov 19:28]; [21:7]; [28:5].
3 ordinance promulgated by שֹׁפֵט: [1Sam 8:9], [11]; [10:25] (law of king); Levitical ordinances [Lev 5:10]; [9:16] [13]t. P, [1Chr 15:13]; [24:19]; [2Chr 4:7], [20]; [8:14]; [35:13]; [Neh 8:18]; ומ ׳חק [Exod 15:25]; [Josh 24:25] (E) [1Sam 30:25], compare [Psa 81:5]; מ ׳חקת [Num 27:11]; [35:29] (P); divine law in General ׳מ יהוה [Jer 8:7]; אלהים ׳מ [Isa 58:2]; [Jer 5:4-5], (|| דֶּרֶךְ), compare [Psa 25:9]; || תורה [Isa 42:4]; [51:4]; [Ezra 7:10]; compare [Zeph 2:3]; [Psa 119:43]; [119:160]; plural of particular ordinances [Deut 33:10], [21] (poem), [Isa 58:2]; [Ezek 44:24]; [Psa 19:10]; [119:7] [16]t., [147:20].
4 decision of the שֹׁפֵט in a case of law (see BrHexateuch 252 sq.): singular of particular decision of a case [Exod 21:31] (E); plural of series of decisions [21:1]; [24:3] (JE) [Deut 7:12] (D2); in covt. code and D, collection of pentads in conditional or temporal compare, with כּי or אם in D, and subject in combination, ומשׁפטים חקים [4:1]. 5. 8. 14. 45 +; in code of H and after, in combination ומשׁפטים חקות, [Lev 18:4-5], [26]; [19:37] +; (the specific type of these laws in H is כִּי אִישׁ, over against כי נפשׁ or כי אדם in code of P, see BrHexateuch 254 f.); other combinations, redactional and later, [26:46]; [Num 36:13]; [Deut 30:16]; [2Kin 17:37]; [2Chr 33:8]; [Neh 9:13]; [Psa 18:23]; [89:31]; [147:19].
5 one's (legal) right, privilege, due: ׳מ הַכּהֲנִים [Deut 18:3] due of the priests, ׳מ הַבְּכֹרָה [21:17]; הַגְּאֻלָּה ׳מ [Jer 32:7] right of redemption; ׳מ הַיְרֻשָּׁה [32:8]; מ ׳הִטָּה [Exod 23:6] (E) wrest right, so [Deut 16:19]; [23:6]; [24:17]; [27:19]; [1Sam 8:3]; [Lam 3:35], compare [Prov 18:5]; ׳מ יְתוֺם [Deut 10:18]; ׳מ אביון [Exod 23:6] (E) [Jer 5:28]; [Psa 140:13]; עניים׳מ [Isa 10:2]; [Job 36:6]; מ ׳הסיר [27:2]; [34:5], compare [Isa 40:27]; [49:4].
6. a. proper, fitting, measure [1Kin 5:8]; fitness [Isa 28:26]; [40:14] (of fitness in the order of nature; compare Di).
b. custom, manner: ׳מ הכהנים [1Sam 2:13] custom of the priests (rightful due, according to Th We Dr and most); מִשְׁמָּטוֺ [27:11] his (David's) custom; הגוים ׳מ [2Kin 17:33] manner of the nations, compare [17:26-27], (Rssem. 1, 24, 2nd ed. 23); ׳כמ after the manner, custom, fashion (of) [Gen 40:13]; [Exod 21:9] (E) [Judg 18:7]; [1Kin 18:28]; [2Kin 11:14]; [17:34]; [1Chr 6:17]; [Ezek 42:11]; [Psa 119:132].
c. משׁפט מה [Judg 13:12] what manner of a boy, compare [2Kin 1:7].
d. plan . . . of the tabernacle [Exod 26:30] (P); temple [1Kin 6:38]; palace [Jer 30:18].
מִשְׁפָּט
原文音譯:jP'v.mi mish-pawt’
詞類次數:名詞(424)
原文字根:審判;相當於G1345(δικαίωμα) G2520(καθήκω) G2917(κρίμα) G2920(κρίσις)
字義溯源:判決,宣判,律法,法則,規矩,樣式,審判,情節,案情,判定,判語,判斷,決斷,典章,律例,條例,常例,風俗,例,理,冤,義,公,公義,公平,公正,公理,正直,處罰,辯論,伸冤,斑次,辨屈。這字出自(H8199(שָׁפַט)*=審判)判決這字一搬是指一個首領的判決([王上20:30]);這字的複數則指神給以色列民的誡命,律例,典章([申12:1];詩[119]篇),大祭士的胸牌,也是為著判決,所以就稱為決斷的胸牌(出28;15)摩西囑咐審判官,審判的時候,要公正不可偏袒([申1:17]),神的帶領人要秉公行義,分別善惡([創18:19][,25]);所以先知們常常指責背約的以色列民,提醒他們要秉公行義([賽1:21];[摩5:24];[彌3:1][,8]; [6:8])最終神的那僕人要將公理建立在地上(賽四十二章),地上的居民就學習公義([賽26:9])當摩西在地上建立帳幕時,耶和華曉諭他說,要照著在山上指示的樣式,立起帳幕([出26:30]);箴言也說,籤放在懷裏,定事由耶和華([箴16:33])
出現次數:總共(422);創(3);出(11);利(14);民(19);申(37);書(3);士(3);撒上(7);撒下(5);王上(18);王下(11);代上(9);代下(13);拉(2);尼(5);伯(24);詩(65);箴(20);傳(6);賽(42);耶(32);哀(2);結(42);但(1);何(6);摩(4);彌(5);哈(4);番(4);亞(2);瑪(3)
譯字彙編:
1)公平(77)[出23:6];[申10:18];[申32:4];[王上10:9];[代上18:14];[代下9:8];[伯8:3];[伯32:9];[伯34:12];[伯36:6];[詩37:28];[詩37:30];[詩72:2];[詩99:4];[詩99:4];[詩106:3];[詩119:121];[箴1:3];[箴2:9];[箴8:20];[箴19:28];[箴21:7];[箴21:15];[箴29:4];[傳5:8];[賽1:17];[賽1:21];[賽1:27];[賽5:7];[賽9:7];[賽16:5];[賽28:6];[賽28:17];[賽32:1];[賽32:7];[賽32:16];[賽33:5];[賽40:14];[賽49:4];[賽56:1];[賽59:8];[賽59:9];[賽59:11];[賽59:15];[賽61:8];[耶4:2];[耶5:28];[耶7:5];[耶9:24];[耶10:24];[耶12:1];[耶17:11];[耶21:12];[耶22:3];[耶22:13];[耶22:15];[耶23:5];[耶33:15];[結18:8];[結18:19];[結18:21];[結18:27];[結22:29];[結33:14];[結33:16];[結33:19];[結34:16];[結45:9];[何2:19];[摩5:7];[摩5:15];[摩5:24];[摩6:12];[彌3:1];[彌3:8];[彌3:9];[亞7:9];
2)典章(43)[利18:4];[利18:5];[利18:26];[利19:37];[利20:22];[利25:18];[利26:15];[利26:43];[民9:3];[民9:14];[民15:16];[民35:29];[申5:1];[申30:16];[撒上30:25];[撒下22:23];[王上6:12];[王上8:58];[王下17:34];[王下17:37];[代上22:12];[代下19:10];[尼1:7];[尼9:13];[尼10:29];[詩18:22];[詩81:4];[詩119:13];[詩119:43];[結5:6];[結5:6];[結5:7];[結11:20];[結20:13];[結20:16];[結20:18];[結20:19];[結20:21];[結20:24];[結20:25];[結37:24];[但9:5];[番2:3];
3)審判(24)[民27:11];[申16:18];[申25:1];[申32:41];[書20:6];[王上3:28];[代下19:6];[伯9:19];[詩9:16];[詩76:9];[詩94:15];[詩119:84];[詩122:5];[詩143:2];[詩149:9];[箴16:10];[傳12:14];[賽26:9];[賽34:5];[賽53:8];[結5:8];[結23:24];[結39:21];[彌7:9];
4)(那)審判(12)[民35:12];[申1:17];[王上3:28];[王上7:7];[伯9:32];[伯22:4];[伯34:23];[詩9:7];[傳3:16];[傳11:9];[何5:1];[瑪3:5];
5)和典章(9)[出15:25];[申4:5];[申4:8];[申4:14];[書24:25];[王上9:4];[拉7:10];[詩147:19];[瑪4:4];
6)(那些)典章(9)[出21:1];[利26:46];[民35:24];[民36:13];[申6:1];[申7:12];[申11:32];[申26:16];[代下33:8];
7)和公平(7)[詩33:5];[詩89:14];[詩97:2];[詩101:1];[詩111:7];[箴21:3];[何12:6];
8)條例(7)[利24:22];[民29:6];[民29:18];[代上23:31];[代下30:16];[耶32:7];[結11:12];
9)我的典章(7)[詩89:30];[結11:12];[結18:9];[結18:17];[結20:11];[結36:27];[結44:24];
10)的典章(7)[詩19:9];[詩119:52];[詩119:62];[詩119:106];[詩119:160];[詩119:164];[賽58:2];
11)你的典章(6)[尼9:29];[詩119:20];[詩119:39];[詩119:102];[詩119:156];[詩119:175];
12)那條例(6)[民29:21];[民29:24];[民29:27];[民29:30];[民29:33];[民29:37];
13)(那)公平(5)[詩25:9];[賽5:16];[耶30:11];[耶46:28];[結21:27];
14)判斷(5)[民27:21];[撒下15:4];[代下19:8];[箴17:23];[亞8:16];
15)(那)典章(5)[出24:3];[民15:24];[申4:1];[申4:45];[申7:11];
16)你的判斷(5)[王上20:40];[詩36:6];[詩48:11];[詩72:1];[詩97:8];
17)正直(4)[申16:19];[申24:17];[撒上8:3];[結18:5];
18)公理(4)[賽42:1];[賽42:4];[哈1:4];[哈1:4];
19)公義(4)[箴28:5];[賽4:4];[耶5:1];[彌6:8];
20)的審判(3)[耶48:47];[結23:45];[結23:45];
21)的法則(3)[撒上8:11];[耶5:4];[耶5:5];
22)(那)條例(3)[出21:31];[利5:10];[利9:16];
23)的判語(3)[代上16:12];[詩119:7];[賽58:2];
24)判語(3)[詩105:5];[詩119:120];[耶4:12];
25)我的公平(3)[伯29:14];[詩9:4];[詩35:23];
26)(那)判斷(3)[申17:11];[士4:5];[撒下15:2];
27)(那)審判時(3)[申1:17];[詩1:5];[賽54:17];
28)我的理(2)[伯27:2];[伯34:5];
29)將你的典章(2)[申33:10];[詩119:30];
30)的規矩(2)[撒上2:13];[王下17:27];
31)該(2)[耶26:11];[耶26:16];
32)和審判(2)[傳8:5];[傳8:6];
33)他們的義(2)[王上8:45];[王上8:49];
34)的冤(2)[王上8:59];[王上8:59];
35)(那)常例(2)[王下11:14];[代下35:13];
36)規矩(2)[王下17:26];[王下17:26];
37)我的審判(2)[伯40:8];[何6:5];
38)(那)審判上(2)[利19:15];[利19:35];
39)和我的典章(2)[代上28:7];[代下7:17];
40)(那)例(2)[代下4:20];[尼8:18];
41)(那)決斷(2)[出28:29];[出28:30];
42)樣式(2)[出26:30];[王下1:7];
43)審判時(2)[詩112:5];[箴24:23];
44)你的判語(2)[詩119:75];[詩119:137];
45)和他的典章(2)[申8:11];[王上2:3];
46)他的判斷(2)[代上16:14];[詩105:7];
47)我的案情(2)[賽40:27];[哀3:59];
48)義(2)[箴13:23];[箴16:8];
49)冤(2)[代下6:39];[詩146:7];
50)(那)判斷的(2)[申17:8];[撒下15:6];
51)要審判(2)[王下25:6];[耶39:5];
52)你審判(1)[賽26:8];
53)的理(1)[賽10:2];
54)公平人(1)[箴2:8];
55)你典章(1)[詩119:149];
56)辨屈(1)[詩140:12];
57)素常(1)[詩119:132];
58)又將你的典章(1)[詩119:108];
59)你的安排(1)[詩119:91];
60)至於他的典章(1)[詩147:20];
61)(那)審判者(1)[賽28:6];
62)(那)審案(1)[箴18:5];
63)判定(1)[箴29:26];
64)定事(1)[箴16:33];
65)公正(1)[箴16:11];
66)是公平(1)[箴12:5];
67)審問(1)[賽3:14];
68)我的判語(1)[耶1:16];
69)的樣式(1)[結42:11];
70)被審判(1)[何5:11];
71)自己的條例(1)[結23:24];
72)像審判(1)[結16:38];
73)的罪(1)[結7:23];
74)他們應得的(1)[結7:27];
75)因此審判(1)[何10:4];
76)自己的判斷(1)[哈1:7];
77)那公義的(1)[瑪2:17];
78)和他⋯典章(1)[申33:21];
79)你的刑罰(1)[番3:15];
80)我已定意(1)[番3:8];
81)刑罰人(1)[哈1:12];
82)他的公義(1)[番3:5];
83)的規條(1)[結5:7];
84)的公平(1)[哀3:35];
85)我的公理(1)[賽51:4];
86)並且公平(1)[賽59:14];
87)與我作對(1)[賽50:8];
88)將公理(1)[賽42:3];
89)我公平的(1)[賽30:18];
90)(那)辯論(1)[賽41:1];
91)法則(1)[耶8:7];
92)舊樣(1)[耶30:18];
93)她受的審判(1)[耶51:9];
94)便審(1)[耶52:9];
95)他們審判(1)[耶49:12];
96)刑罰(1)[耶48:21];
97)合法的(1)[耶32:8];
98)合適的方法(1)[賽28:26];
99)公斷(1)[伯19:7];
100)對待(1)[士13:12];
101)的光景(1)[士18:7];
102)(那)樣子(1)[書6:15];
103)正直的(1)[申27:19];
104)理當(1)[申21:22];
105)他的典章(1)[申26:17];
106)做事的法則(1)[撒上8:9];
107)法(1)[撒上10:25];
108)自己的職分(1)[王上4:28];
109)規定(1)[王上6:38];
110)訴訟(1)[王上3:11];
111)公(1)[撒下8:15];
112)他的常例(1)[撒上27:11];
113)理當歸他(1)[申21:17];
114)該當(1)[申19:6];
115)一個決斷的(1)[出28:15];
116)決斷(1)[出28:30];
117)那樣(1)[出21:9];
118)(那)一樣(1)[創40:13];
119)公義麼(1)[創18:25];
120)案件(1)[民27:5];
121)與那典章(1)[申5:31];
122)(那)判(1)[申17:9];
123)分(1)[申18:3];
124)(那些)和典章(1)[申12:1];
125)與他的典章(1)[申11:1];
126)與這些典章(1)[申6:20];
127)與我的典章(1)[王上11:33];
128)他們的規矩(1)[王上18:28];
129)我有理(1)[伯34:6];
130)公平的(1)[伯34:17];
131)何為是(1)[伯34:4];
132)情節(1)[伯31:13];
133)將案件(1)[伯23:4];
134)理(1)[伯35:2];
135)與公平(1)[伯36:17];
136)願我的判語(1)[詩17:2];
137)使你的公平(1)[詩37:6];
138)你的審判(1)[詩10:5];
139)施行審判(1)[詩7:6];
140)有公平(1)[伯37:23];
141)秉公(1)[創18:19];
142)審麼(1)[伯14:3];
143)班次(1)[代上6:32];
144)(那)定例(1)[代上15:13];
145)風俗(1)[王下17:40];
146)(那些)風俗(1)[王下17:34];
147)的風俗(1)[王下17:33];
148)這些條例(1)[代上24:19];
149)所定的樣式(1)[代下4:7];
150)我的審判者(1)[伯9:15];
151)我的案(1)[伯13:18];
152)例(1)[拉3:4];
153)的定例(1)[代下8:14];
154)他們的公義(1)[代下6:35];
155)伸冤(1)[詩103:6]