H5437. sabab
סָבַב verb turn about, go around, surround ( Late Hebrew id., Pi`el Hiph`il, and derivatives; Aramaic סוֺבְבָא rim, border; Arabic rope, lock of hair; possibly also II. prepare a means of attaining something Lane1284); —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳ס [Ezek 42:19] +; 1 singular סַבֹּ֫תִי [1Sam 22:22] (but see below), סַבּ֫וֺתִי [Eccl 2:20]; [7:25]; [3]plural סָָֽבְבוּ [Josh 6:15] + [1Sam 14:21]; [2Sam 24:6] (see below), suffix סְבָבוּנִי [Psa 18:6] +, סַבּוּנִי [88:18] [2]t., סַבֻּנִי [2Sam 22:6]; [2]masculine plural וְסַבֹּתֶם consecutive [Josh 6:3], etc.; Imperfect יָסֹב [1Kin 7:15] +, suffix יְסֻבֵּנִי [Psa 49:6]; oftener יִסֹּב [1Sam 5:8] +, וַיִּסֹּב [Gen 42:24] +; 3 masculine plural יָסֹ֫בוּ [Job 16:13], וַיָּסֹ֫בוּ [Josh 6:14] +, 3 feminine plural תְּסֻבֶּינָה [Gen 37:7], etc.; Imperative masculine singular סֹב [1Sam 22:18], feminine singular סֹ֫בִּי [Isa 23:16], etc.; Infinitive construct לִסְבֹּב [Num 21:4], סֹב [Deut 2:3]; Participle סוֺבֵב [2Kin 6:15] +, הַסֹּבֵיב [8:21] (Ginsb הִסְבִּיב Kt, הַסֹּבֵב Qr), etc.; —
1 turn, intransitive (Imperfect of form יִסֹּב in this sense only):
a. turn about, often as preliminary to something else [1Sam 15:12], [27] (followed by infinitive), [1Chr 16:43] (id.; וַ֫יָּשָׁב in || [2Sam 6:20]) + [1Sam 14:21] (read גַם סָֽבְבוּ for ᵑ9 ᵑ6 ᵐ5 וְגַם, סָבִיב ᵑ0 Th We, etc.), [Jer 41:14] a (+ שׁוב vb, but ᵐ5 omits va compare Gie), [Eccl 1:6] (twice in verse); of door, [Prov 26:14] turn on (עַל) its hinge (compare Niph`al [Ezek 26:2]); turn (toward one) [1Sam 22:17-18], (twice in verse); [2Sam 18:30] (twice in verse); [Song 2:17] (see Bu); also with אֶלֿ [2Sam 14:24] (twice in verse); + [24:6] (read סָֽבְבוּ for סָבִיב We Dr Bu Kit HPS; Klo יָסֹבוּ, compare Löhr), [Ezek 42:19]; [Eccl 1:6], אֶלאַֿחֲרָ֑י [2Kin 9:18-19], of cup of ׳י, it shall come round unto (עַלֿ, with hostile implication; עַל עָבַר [Lam 4:22]) [Hab 2:16]; of Jordan, turn לְאָחוֺר [Psa 114:3]; [114:5]; turn about from (מֵעַל) [Gen 42:24], (מִן) [1Sam 18:11], + אֶלֿ [17:30]; so of inheritance [Num 36:7] it shall not go about from (מִן) tribe to (אֶלֿ) tribe, also [36:9] (לְ for אֶלֿ); compare (absolute) לְאָתִי וַתְּהִי הַמְּלוּכָה וַתִּסֹּב [1Kin 2:15] (compare Hiph`il 1 b); = be brought round, with accusative of location [1Sam 5:8] (of ark).
b. turn = change, only [Zech 14:10] (of land, changed like [כְּ, i.e. into] a plain), compare Hiph`il 1 c. c. figurative turn (in a new direction) to do something (infinitive) [Eccl 2:20]; [7:25]. — [Psa 71:21] is dubious; Bae reads וְתָשֻׁב for וְתִסֹּב after ᵑ9 ᵑ6 ᵐ5; Hup-Now Che and others below
a. above: turn, comfort me. — [Job 10:8] read תִּסֹּב אַחַר for סביב יחד ᵑ0 De and others
2. a. march, or walk, around, with accusative (city) [Josh 6:3-4], [7], [14], [15] (twice in verse) (all J E), [Psa 48:13]; possibly also נָסֹב [1Sam 16:11] (of marching about altar? so HPS; turn to do something else Th), but compare תסוב Ecclus 32:1sit about a table (see SchechterBS p. 56, and compare מֵסַב), or read נֵשֵׁב Weir in Dr Kit Bu Löhr (perhaps).
b. go partly round, circle about, skirt, with accusative (land) [Num 21:4] (JE) [Judg 11:18], also [Deut 2:1], [3]; of rivers [Gen 2:11], [13].
c. make a round, or circuit, go about to, with accusative of location [1Sam 7:16]; go about in (בְּ) [2Chr 17:9], compare also (with בְּ) [23:2]; [Song 3:5]; [5:7]; [Eccl 12:5], so with accusative [Isa 23:16]; = make a circuitous march [2Kin 3:9] (with accusative דֶּרֶךְ). — See also [2Sam 5:23]; [1Chr 14:14] Hiph`il 2 a. d. surround, encompass, absolute [Gen 37:7] (E); with accusative [Job 40:22]; with hostile purpose, [2Kin 6:15]; [Eccl 9:14] (both of siege), compare [2Kin 3:25]; accusative omitted [Judg 16:2], compare [2Sam 18:15]; with accusative of thing + עַלֿ person [Judg 20:5]; with עַלֿ person alone [Job 16:13]; [2Chr 18:31]; with אֶלֿ person [2Kin 8:21] [2Chr 21:9]; often figurative in poetry, with accusative [Hosea 7:2]; [2Sam 22:6] = [Psa 18:6]; [22:13]; [22:17]; [49:6]; [88:18]; [118:10]; [118:11] (twice in verse); [118:12]; so also [17:11] (Kt סְבָבוּנִי, Qr סְבָבוּנוּ; on text see especially Hup-Now); literally of cord surrounding (measuring circumference of), with accusative [1Kin 7:15] = [Jer 52:21]; [1Kin 7:23] [2Chr 4:2]; of ornaments, etc., surrounding something (accusative) [1Kin 7:24]; [2Chr 4:3]; surround one with something (2 accusative) [1Kin 5:17]; [Psa 109:3]; accusative + בְּ instrumental [Hosea 12:1]; ׳ס לָעֹפֶל[2Chr 33:14] (i.e. build a wall around it). — [1Sam 22:22] read חַבְתִּי (√ חוּב), ᵑ6 ᵐ5 Th We Dr Kit Bu Löhr HPS.
Niph`al Perfect3masculine singular נָסַב [Josh 15:3] +; 3 feminine singular נָסֵ֫בָּה [Ezek 26:2] (Ges§ 67t St§ 410 b Köi. 342); וְנָָֽסְבָה [41:7] (but read וְנוֺסְפָה Ew Sm Co ToyHpt, compare Berthol); 3 plural נָסַ֫בּוּ [Gen 19:4] +; Imperfect3masculine plural יִסַּ֫בּוּ [Ezek 1:9] [5]t.; —
1. a. turn oneself against (עַלֿ), close round upon (עַל) [Gen 19:4] (J) [Josh 7:9] (JE); with accusative [Judg 19:22].
b. turn round (from a direct course), of wheels [Ezek 1:9], [12], [17]; [10:11] (twice in verse), also [10:16] (but dubious, Co ישׁבו, ToyHpt leave, Symm ἀπελείποντο); אֵלַי נָסֵ֫בָּה [26:2] of Jerusalem under figure of door (Sm Co Berthol ToyHpt).
c. especially of boundary (Hexateuch only P): turn round from (מִן), toward (לְ) [Num 34:4], + ה locative [Josh 18:14]; with מִן + ה locative + אֶלֿ [15:10]; with מִן alone [Num 34:5]; with ה locative alone [Jer 31:39]; [Josh 15:3]; [16:6]; circle about, skirt, with accusative [19:14].
2 passive be turned over to (לְ), into the power of, [Jer 6:12].
Pi`el Infinitiveconstruct הַדָּבָר אֶתמְּֿנֵי סַבֵּב [2Sam 14:20] to change, transform, the aspect of the matter.
Po`. Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יְסֹבְבֵנִי [Jonah 2:4]; [2:6], יְסֹבְבֶנְהוּ [Deut 32:10], יְסוֺבְבֶנּוּ [Psa 32:10]; [3]feminine singular תְּסוֺבֵב [Jer 31:22], etc.; — encompass, surround (in poetry and chiefly late): —
1 encompass (with protection), with accusative [Deut 32:10] ( ׳י subject), with 2 accusative יְסוֺבְבֶנּוּ חֶסֶד [Psa 32:10], compare [32:7] (but 2nd object here dubious); similarly גָּ֑בֶר תְּסוֺבֵב נְקֵבָה [Jer 31:22] i.e. either shall protect (so most) or (Che, compare Gf) the woman (figurative of Israel), instead of holding aloof (הַשּׁוֺבֵבָה הַבַּת [31:22]), will, in the new future which ׳י creates, with affection press round her divine husband.
2 come about, assemble round (accusative of person ׳י) [Psa 7:8].
3 march or go about, city (accusative) [Psa 55:11]; [59:7]; [59:15]; altar (in solemn procession) [26:6]; go about in (בְּ) city [Song 3:2].
4 enclose, envelop, with accusative of person [Jonah 2:4]; [2:6] (of waters).
Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הֵסֵב [2Kin 16:18] +; 2 masculine singular הֲסִבֹּ֫תָ [1Kin 18:37]; [3]plural הֵסַ֫בּוּ [1Sam 5:9-10], etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular וַיַּסֵּב [Exod 13:18] +, suffix וַיְסִבֵּ֫נִי [Ezek 47:2-3];masculine plural וַיַּסֵּ֫בּוּ [Judg 18:23] [2]t.; 1 plural נָסֵב[2Chr 14:6], cohortative נָסֵ֫בָּה [1Chr 13:3]; Imperative masculine singular הָסֵב [2Sam 5:23]; [1Chr 14:14] (but see below); feminine singular הָסֵ֫בִּי [Song 6:5]; Infinitive construct הָסֵב [2Sam 3:12]; [1Chr 12:33]; Participle מֵסֵב [Jer 21:4]; perhaps also plural suffix מְסִבָּ֑י [Psa 140:10] (Ginsb); —
1. a. turn (transitive), cause to turn: turn face (accusative) [Judg 18:23]; [1Kin 8:14] [2Chr 6:3] (all = turn toward); = turn round face [1Kin 21:4], + אֶלהַֿקִּיר [2Kin 20:2] = [Isa 38:2]; + מִן [Ezek 7:22] (subject ׳י), [2Chr 29:6] (of neglect), [35:22] (of avoiding battle); turn away eyes from (מִן), [Song 6:5]; turn (back), change heart [1Kin 18:37] (recall from apostasy; + אֲחֹרַנִּית), [Ezra 6:22] (+ עַלֿ); turn back, reverse (weapons) [Jer 21:4].
b. bring over (i.e. to allegiance), with accusative + אֶלֿ person, [2Sam 3:12]; [1Chr 12:24] (van d. H. v.[12:23]); of ׳י, turn over kingdom to (לְ) [10:14] (compare Qal 1 a, [1Kin 2:15]).
c. turn into, of changing name, 2 accusative [2Kin 23:24] [2Chr 36:4]; [2Kin 24:14].
d. = bring round, with accusative [1Sam 5:8-9], + מִן [2Sam 20:12]; + אֶלֿ [1Sam 5:10]; [1Chr 13:3]; + accusative of location [2Kin 16:18] (sense obscure).
2. a. cause to go around: of carrying ark around city (2 accusative) [Josh 6:11] (J E; but
Qal ᵑ9 ᵑ6 ᵐ5); lead round , i.e. by a round-about way, accusative of person + accusative דֶּרֶךְ [Exod 13:18] (E) [Ezek 47:2]; with accusative + infinitive of purpose [2Chr 13:13]; accusative omitted, lead round toward (אֶלֿ) [2Sam 5:23], away from (מֵעַלֿ) || [1Chr 14:14] (where, however, perhaps read as Samuel, so Be Öttli, and, in both, סֹב for הָסֵב Dr KitKau Hpt Bu HPS Löhr).
b. surround with (accusative) wall, [2Chr 14:6] (accusative of city omitted).
c. perhaps also encompass (as foe), מְסִבָּ֑י [Psa 140:10] those encompassing me (others below מֵסַב below).
Hoph`al Imperfect3masculine singular יוּסָּ֑ב [Isa 28:27]; Participle feminine plural construct מֻסַבֹּת [Exod 28:11]; [39:6]; מוּסַבֹּת [39:13]; [Num 32:38] (see below); מוּסַבּוֺת [Ezek 41:24]; —
1 be turned, of cart wheel, with עַלֿ upon, over; דְּלָתוֺת מוּסַבּוֺת [Ezek 41:24] participle apparently as gerundive, that can be turned, movable (Ges§ 116e; Co reads מ ׳צלעות, compare ToyHpt); ׳מוּס שֵׁם [Num 32:38] turned (i.e. changed) as to name, but gloss, see Di.
2 surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels (participle construct) [Exod 28:11]; [39:6], [13] (all P).