H3782. kashal
כָּשַׁל verb stumble, stagger, totter (Late Hebrew id.; Syriac [] give offence (occasion for stumbling), σκανδαλιζω, (chiefly Ethpe`el Aph`el), see PS Brock Schw; Arabic is be heavy, sluggish); —
Qal Perfect ׳כ [Neh 4:4] +, ([Hosea 5:5]b read יִכָּשֵׁל, compare We), כָּֽשְׁלָה [Isa 3:8]; [59:14]; כָּֽשְׁלוּ [Jer 46:6] +, כָּשַׁלְנוּ [Isa 59:10], etc.; Imperfect3masculine plural יכשׁ֑ולו [Prov 4:16] Kt (but read Hiph`il, q. v., so Qr); יכשׁלו [Nahum 3:3] Kt (but read Perfect וְכָֽשְׁלוּ so Qr); Infinitive absolute כָּשׁוֺל [Isa 40:30] (c. Niph`al Imperfect); Participle active כּוֺשֵׁל [5:27] [2]t., כּשֵׁל[2Chr 28:15]; Paslm 2 Chron 105:37; feminine plural כּשְׁלוֺת [Isa 35:3]; —
1 stumble at, over, something, with ב (literally by means of), [Nahum 3:3], כ בְּגִבּוֺר ׳גִּבּוֺר [Jer 46:13] (+ נָפַל), compare [Lev 26:37]; כ בָּעֵץ ׳וּנְעָרִיס [Lam 5:13] i.e. stagger (of toil in captivity); absolute [Isa 5:27] ׅ || וְנָפָ֑לוּ כָּֽשְׁלוּ (עָיֵף, [Jer 46:6], compare וגו אישׁ גַּםנָֿפַל כּוֺשֵׁ֑ל ׳הִרְבָּה [46:16] (strange; Gie following in part וְנָפַל כָּשַׁל עֶרְבְּךָ ᵑ6, ᵐ5 thy mixed people — compare [25:20], etc. — hath stumbled and hath fallen); often figurative of overthrow, throughdivine judgment, with בְּ at, (see above) [6:21], so [Isa 8:15] (+ נָפַל etc.) according to Ges Hi Bhul Che Di; < בָּם = among them, — Israel and Judah, — as ב in [8:16], so Ew De Du EV; [Hosea 4:5] (twice in verse); [5:5]; [14:2] (בְּ בַּעֲוֺנֶָֽךָ, probably instrumental); absolute of Babylon, under figure of ׳כ ונפל זָדוֺן, [Jer 50:32]; ׳כ ונפל Paslm [27:2]; [Isa 3:8]; [31:3] (both || נפל); of אֱמֶת [59:14]; in metaphor of anxiety, distress [59:10], Paslm Isa 107:12.
2 totter, of knees, literal כ ׳בִּרְכַּי מִצּוֺם Paslm Isa 109:24 my knees totter from fasting; figurative [Isa 35:3] (|| רָפוֺת יָדַיִם) כּוֺשֵׁל tottering one, literal [Job 4:4]; [2Chr 28:15]; Paslm 2 Chron 105:37; hence figurative, fail, of strength (כֹּחַ) [Neh 4:4]; Paslm Neh 31:11; — Infinitive absolute כָּשׁוֺל, see below Niph`al
Niph`al Perfect consecutive וְנִכְשַׁל [Dan 11:9], וְנִכְשְׁלוּ [11:33], וְנִכְשָׁ֑לוּ [11:14]; Imperfect יִכָּשֵׁל [Ezek 33:12] + [Hosea 5:5]b (ᵐ5. as va, so We; כָּשַׁל ᵑ0), 2 masculine singular תִּכָּשֵׁל [Prov 4:12], בִּכָּֽשְׁלוּ [24:17] (yet see Ges§ 51, R. 1), בְּהִכָּֽשְׁלָם [Dan 11:34]; Participle נִכְשָׁל [Zech 12:8]; plural נִכְשָׁלִים [1Sam 2:4]; —
1 stumble (= Qal) [Nahum 2:6]; [Isa 63:13]; [Jer 31:9]; usually figurative:
a. of misfortune [Prov 24:17] (|| נפל), negative [4:12].
b. of divine judgement (with בְּ at) [Prov 4:19]; [24:16], negative [Ezek 33:12]; see also Hosea 14:10 (בְ location), [Jer 20:11]; [Dan 11:14], [35], מִמָּנֶיךָ וְיאֹבְדוּ יִכָּֽשְׁלוּ [Psa 9:4]; especially = be overthrown, of nations, armies, etc., [Hosea 5:5] (with בַּעֲוֺנָם, compare [14:2]
Qal), [Jer 6:15] || נפל, compare [8:12] (|| id.), [Dan 11:19] ( + נפל), [11:33] (בְ instrumental), [11:34]; [11:41].
2 be tottering, feeble, יִכָּשֵׁ֑לוּ כָּשׁוֺל [Isa 40:30] (opposed to כֹחַ יַחֲלִיפוּ [40:31]); so participle [1Sam 2:4]; [Zech 12:8].
Pi`el only apparent, תְּכַשְּׁלִי [Ezek 36:14], read תְּשַׁכְּלִי with Qr Vrss EV Sm Co Da (see also
Hiph`il near the end).
Hiph`il Perfect הִכְשִׁיל [Lam 1:14] הִכְשַׁלְתֶּם [Mal 2:8]; Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יַכְשִׁילְךָ[2Chr 25:8]; [2] feminine singular תַּכְשִׁלִי [Ezek 36:15] (but strike out ᵐ5 Co; read תשׁכלי, as [36:14] other Vrss Sm Da); 3 masculine plural יַכְשִׁילוּ [Prov 4:16] Qr (Kt see below
Qal), וַיַּכְשִׁילֻהוּ Paslm Prov 64:9, וַיַּכְשִׁלוּם [Jer 18:15] (so ᵑ7; Gie, after ᵐ5. וַיִּכְשְׁלוּ ᵑ6,, [< וַיִּכָּֽשִׁלוּ]); Infinitive construct הַכְשִׁיל[2Chr 25:8], sf הַכְשִׁילוֺ[28:23]; —
1 cause to stumble, figurative:
a. = bring injury or ruin to, abs [Prov 4:16]; of punishment [Psa 64:9] (indefinite subject; si vera lectio; text probably corrupt, see Che Bae).
b. = overthrow, of nation, army, etc., [2Chr 25:8] (followed by אוֺיֵב לִפְנֵי) compare [25:8] (opposed to עזר); cause overthrow[28:23]. — On [Ezek 36:15] see above
c. morally, [Jer 18:15] (בְּ local), [Mal 2:8] (בְּ instrumental).
2 make feeble, weak, כֹּחִי הִכְשִׁיל [Lam 1:14] (of God's dealing with Jerusalem)
Hoph`al only Participle לְפָנֶיךָ מֻכְשָׁלִים והיו [Jer 18:23] either and let them be ones who have stumbled before thee, i.e. regard them as such (Hi Gf VB), or and let them be ones overthrown before thee (Gie; so Qr according to Gf). So also in [Ezek 21:20] according to Co, compare Sm Da (מִכְשֹׁלִים ᵑ0, see מִכְשׁוֺל).