τε,
enclitic Particle, with two main uses (v. infr. A, B). as a Conjunction,
I τε.. τε, both.. and, joining single words, phrases, clauses, or sentences, the first τε merely pointing forward to the second, ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Il. 1.544; ἀγαθῶν τε κακῶν τε Hes. Op. 669; δίψῃ τε λιμῷ τε A. Pers. 491, cf. S. Aj. 34, 35, Ar. Ach. 370, 375; τήν τε νῆσον τήν τε ἤπειρον Th. 4.8, cf. Antipho 2.3.3, Pl. R. 373b; λυσόμενός τε θύγατρα, φέρων τ’ ἀπερείσι’ ἄποινα Il. 1.13; παῖδά τε σοὶ ἀγέμεν Φοίβῳ θ’ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην ῥέξαι ib. 443; the elements joined by τε.. τε are usu. short in Hom., longer in later Gr., e.g. ἐπειδὴ πρόξενοί τέ εἰσιν Ἀθηναίων καὶ εὐεργέται.., ἔν τε τῇ στήλῃ γέγραπται IG 12.103.7; ἥ τε γὰρ γῆ.. εὔυδρός ἐστι, ποταμοί τε δι’ αὐτῆς ῥέουσι Hdt. 4.47; χρὴ.. τούς τε πρεσβυτέρους ὁμοιωθῆναι τοῖς πρὶν ἔργοις, τούς τε νεωτέρους.. μὴ αἰσχῦναι κτλ. Th. 4.92, cf. Pl. R. 474c, X. Cyr. 1.4.25, Isa 1.50; τά τε γὰρ ληφθέντα πάντ’ ἂν σῴζοιτο οἵ τ’ ἀδικήσαντες κατ’ ἀξίαν λάβοιεν τὰ ἐπιτίμια Aen. Tact. 16.8, cf. Gp. 2.49.1, 12.3.2-3; τούτου γὰρ γενομένου.. τά τε ἐχφόρια Χρυσέρμῳ δυνήσομαι ἀποδοῦναι, ἐγώ τε ἔσομαι παρὰ σοῦ φιλανθρωπίας τετευχώς PEnteux. 60.11 (iii B.C.); κλείειν τε τὰ βλέφαρα δεομένων ἐλπιζόντων τε κοιμηθήσεσθαι Gal. 16.494, cf. 495,501; this use is common at all times in οὔτε.. οὔτε, μήτε.. μήτε, εἴτε.. εἴτε (qq.v.); τε may be used three or more times, ἔν τ’ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρί, ἔπος τ’ ἔφατ’ ἔκ τ’ ὀνόμαζεν Od. 15.530, cf. Il. 1.177, 2.58, A. Pr. 89s q., B. 17.19s q., Lys. 19.17, X. Cyr. 3.3.36: - ἑνδεκάτη τε δυωδεκάτη τε prob. means the eleventh or twelfth, Od. 2.374, 4.588: - sts. τε.. τε couples alternatives, ἀπόρως εἶχε δοῦναί τε μὴ δοῦναί τε E. IA 56, cf. Heracl. 153, El. 391; hence we find τε.. ἢ.., Pl. Tht. 143c, Ion 535d; on ἢ (or ἦ).. τε in Il. 2.289 and A. Eu. 524 (lyr.) v. ἦ 1.3.
2. the first clause may be negative, the second affirmative, as ἐκκλησίαν τε οὐκ ἐποίει.., τήν τε πόλιν ἐφύλασσε Th. 2.22; but οὔτε.. τε is more freq., as οὔτε ποσίν εἰμι ταχύς.., γιγνώσκω τε X. Cyr. 2.3.6 (v. οὔτε 11.4); we also find οὐ.. τε.., as οὐχ ἡσύχαζον.., παρεκάλουν τε τοὺς ξυμμάχους Th. 1.67; and μὴ.. τε.., as ἵνα μή τι διαφύγῃ ἡμᾶς, εἴ τέ τι βούλει κτλ. Pl. Phd. 95e.
3. τε (both) sts. corresponds to a following δέ (and), or τε (and) to a preceding μέν, e.g. τε.. δὲ.., as κόμισαί τέ με, δὸς δέ μοι ἵππους Il. 5.359, cf. 7.418, S. OC 367, Tr. 285, E. Ph. 1625; ἐσθὰς ἀμφότερόν νιν ἔχεν, ἅ τε.. ἐπιχώριος.., ἀμφὶ δὲ παρδαλέᾳ στέγετο Pi. P. 4.80; διήκουέ τε.., ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ ἐπῄνεσε X. Cyr. 4.4.3; so with ἅμα δὲ καὶ.., ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ.., Th. 1.25, Pl. Smp. 186e: - so τε.., ἀτὰρ οὖν καὶ.., Id. Hp.Ma. 295e. μὲν.. τε.., ἄνδρα μὲν.., τρεῖς τε κασιγνήτους Il. 19.291 - 3, cf. Od. 22.475 - 6, Pi. O. 6.88, 7.88, A. Th. 924, Ch. 585 (lyr.), S. Ant. 963 (lyr.), E. Heracl. 337 codd., Cyc. 41 (lyr.), Ar. Nu. 563 (lyr.), Pl. Phdr. 266c, Lg. 927b: v. μέν A. 11.6c.
4. a single τε (and) joins a word, phrase, or (esp. later) clause or sentence to what precedes, τελευτὴν κεφαλήν τε Pl. Ti. 69a; θνητὰ ἀθάνατά τε ib.c; Ζεῦ ἄλλοι τε θεοί Il. 6.476; κύνεσσιν οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι 1.5; ῥίγησέν τ’ ἂρ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων v.l. for δ’ ἂρ in 11.254; ἕν τε οὐδὲν κατέστη ἴαμα.., σῶμά τε αὔταρκες ὂν οὐδὲν διεφάνη.., Th. 2.51; τά τε ἱερὰ.. νεκρῶν πλέα ἦν.. ib. 52; νόμοι τε πάντες ξυνεταράχθησαν ibid.; δάκνει σ’ ἀδελφὸς ὅ τε θανὼν ἴσως πατήρ E. El. 242, cf. 253, 262, al.; εἴς τε τὰς ἄλλας.. ἀθροίζεσθαι Aen.Tact. 3.5; τῶν τε ἀρχόντων.. ib. 6, cf. 10.8, al.; ὅ τε γραφεὶς κύκλος.. Archim. Spir. 11 Def. 7; πρός τε τούτοις φησὶν.. PEnteux. 63.18 (iii B.C.); χωρίς τε τούτων Plb. 2.56.13, 61.1, 3.17.7; ταῦτά τ’ ἐγίνετο.. Id. 2.43.6, cf. 3.70.4; ἀπαιτούμενός τε ὑπ’ ἐμοῦ τὰ ἔρια οὐκ ἀποδίδωσί PEnteux. 2.6, cf. 8.4, al. (iii B.C.); γράψαι Ἀγαθοκλεῖ τῷ ἐπιστάτῃ διασαφῆσαί τε αὐτῷ ib. 81.21 (iii B.C.); καθόλου τε.. Arr. Epict. 1.19.13, cf. 2.2.17; ἀταράχους τήν τε δύναμιν ἀκαθαιρέτους Sor. 1.21, cf. 24, al.; ὄξει βαφικῷ στυπτηρίᾳ τε PHolm. 1.4, cf. Gem. 16.6; χρὴ.. λαχάνων ἅπτεσθαι, κοιλίαν τε λύειν Gp. 1.12.19, cf. 2.2.2, al.; this τε may be used any number of times, Od. 4.149 - 150, 14.75, 158 - 9, Men. Pk. 15, 16, 20, Hipparch. 1.9.8, [Act 2:43]; [Act 2:46]; [Act 4:13-14], al.
II τε.. καὶ.., or τε καὶ.., both.. and.., where τε points forward to καί, and usu. need not be translated, e.g. Ἀτρείδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς Il. 1.7; εἰ δὴ ὁμοῦ πόλεμός τε δαμᾷ καὶ λοιμὸς Ἀχαιούς ib. 61; δειλός τε καὶ οὐτιδανὸς καλεοίμην ib. 293; ζωόν τε καὶ ἀρτεμέα 7.308, cf. 327, 338, al.; τῆς τε γῆς ἐούσης ἐπιτηδέης καὶ τῶν ποταμῶν ἐόντων σφι συμμάχων Hdt. 4.47; βούλεταί τε καὶ ἐπίσταται Th. 2.35; ὁ φύς τε καὶ τραφείς Pl. R. 396c; βάσιν τε γὰρ πάλιν τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχουσι τὴν ΖΒ καὶ.. Euc. 1.47; sts. the elements joined by τε.. καὶ.. are joined in order to be compared or contrasted rather than simply joined, κάκιστος νῦν τε καὶ πάλαι δοκεῖ S. Ant. 181; μεσαμβρίη τέ ἐστι καὶ τὸ κάρτα γίνεται ψυχρόν Hdt. 4.181; ἔτυχόν τε ὕσταται ἐξαναχθεῖσαι καί κως κατεῖδον Id. 7.194; ἐπαύσατό τε ὁ ἄνεμος καὶ τὸ κῦμα ἔστρωτο ib. 193; ταὐτὰ.. νῦν τε καὶ τότε Ar. Av. 24; χωρὶς τό τ’ εἰπεῖν πολλὰ καὶ τὰ καίρια S. OC 808; ὅσον τό τ’ ἄρχειν καὶ τὸ δουλεύειν δίχα A. Pr. 927; sts. (like τε.. τε) even used of alternatives, διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν, ἵππους τε στρέψαι καὶ ἐναντίβιον μαχέσασθαι Il. 8.168; ἐν δίκᾳ τε καὶ παρὰ δίκαν Pi. O. 2.16; θεοῦ τε.. θέλοντος καὶ μὴ θέλοντος A. Th. 427; πείσας τε.. καὶ μὴ τυχών Th. 3.42: - on οἵ τε ἄλλοι καὶ.., e.g. τοῖς τε ἄλλοις ἅπασι καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις Isoc. 12.249, and ἄλλως τε καὶ.., v. ἄλλος 11.6, ἄλλως 1.3.
2. in this sense τ’ ἠδέ is only , σκῆπτρόν τ’ ἠδὲ θέμιστας Il. 9.99, cf. 1.400, al.; also τε.., ἰδέ, χαλκόν τε ἰδὲ λόφον 6.469, cf. 8.162.
3. καὶ.. τε, both.. and.., is occasionally found, as καὶ μητέρα πατέρα τ ’ E. Alc. 646. καὶ.. τε perh. means and.. also in καὶ ναυτικῷ τε ἅμα Th. 1.9; καὶ πρός τε τοὺς Ῥηγίνους Id. 6.44; καὶ αὐτός τε Id. 8.68; v. infr. c. 10.
4. τε.. τε or τε.. καὶ.. sts. join elements which are not syntactically parallel, esp. a part. and a finite verb, ἰοῖσίν τε τιτυσκόμενοι λάεσσί τ’ ἔβαλλον (for βάλλοντες) Il. 3.80; ἄλλα τε ἐπιφραζόμενος καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐπεπόμφεε Hdt. 1.85; ἀλλῳ τε τρόπῳ πειράζοντες καὶ μηχανὴν προσήγαγον Th. 4.100; τῆς τε ὥρας.. ταύτης οὔσης.., καὶ τὸ χωρίον.. χαλεπὸν ἦν Id. 7.47, cf. 4.85, 8.81, 95.
5. the copulative τε becomes rare in later Gr.; it is found about 340 times in LXX, mostly in the Pentateuch and 1- 4 Ma., only 3 times in Ps.; in the NT it is found about 150 times in [Act 20:1-38] times in Hebr., and very rarely in the other books. In (more rarely in other dactylic verse, v. infr. 11) τε stands in general or frequentative statements or in statements of what is well known; such statements are freq. made as justifications of a preceding particular statement or of a preceding exhortation to a particular person or persons; the sense of τε thus approaches that of τοι (cf. τοι and τε in Od. 2.276 - 7, and cf. Il. 13.115 with 15.203); although associated with numerous particles and other words of particular types (v. infr.) its meaning remains independent of these and applies to the whole sentence in which it stands: αἶψά τε φυλόπιδος πέλεται κόρος ἀνθρώποισιν Il. 19.221; οὐ γάρ τ’ αἶψα θεῶν τρέπεται νόος αἰὲν ἐόντων Od. 3.147; θεοὶ δέ τε πάντα ἴσασιν 4.379, cf. 5.79, 447, 10.306, 17.485, Il. 9.497, 16.688, 17.176, 21.264; ξυνὸς Ἐνυάλιος καί τε κτανέοντα κατέκτα 18.309, cf. Od. 11.537, Il. 24.526; ἤ τ’ ἔβλητ’ ἤ τ’ ἔβαλ’ ἄλλον 11.410; οὐ μὲν γάρ τε κακὸν βασιλευέμεν Od. 1.392; οἳ φύλλοισιν ἐοικότες ἄλλοτε μέν τε ζαφλεγέες τελέθουσιν.. ἄλλοτε δὲ.. Il. 21.464; ἄλλος γάρ τ’ ἄλλοισιν ἀνὴρ ἐπιτέρπεται ἔργοις Od. 14.228, cf. 8.169, 170, 15.400; τοῦ γάρ τε ξεῖνος μιμνήσκεται ἤματα πάντα, ἀνδρὸς ξεινοδόκου, ὅς κεν φιλότητα παράσχῃ ib. 54, cf. 17.322; ῥεχθὲν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω Il. 17.32; παθὼν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω Hes. Op. 218; αἰεὶ γάρ τε νεώτεροι ἀφραδέουσιν Od. 7.294; δύσζηλοι γάρ τ’ εἰμὲν ἐπὶ χθονὶ φῦλ’ ἀνθρώπων ib. 307; τοῦ δέ τε πολλοὶ ἐπαυρίσκοντ’ ἄνθρωποι, καί τε πολέας ἐσάωσε Il. 13.733 - 4; τοῦ μὲν γάρ τε κακοῦ τρέπεται χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ, ἐν δέ τέ οἱ κραδίη στέρνοισι πατάσσει.., πάταγος δέ τε γίγνετ’ ὀδόντων ib. 279 - 83; ὀλίγη δέ τ’ ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο 18.201; νέῳ δέ τε πάντ’ ἐπέοικεν.. κεῖσθαι 22.71; κατέλεξεν ἅπαντα κήδε’ ὅσ’ ἀνθρώποισι πέλει, τῶν ἄστυ ἁλώῃ· ἄνδρας μὲν κτείνουσι, πόλιν δέ τε πῦρ ἀμαθύνει, τέκνα δέ τ’ ἄλλοι ἄγουσι, βαθυζώνους τε γυναῖκας 9.592 - 4, cf. 22.492, 495, 499; νεμεσσῶμαί γε μὲν οὐδέν· καὶ γάρ τίς τ’ ἀλλοῖον ὀδύρεται ἄνδρ’ ὀλέσασα.. ἢ Ὀδυσῆ’ Od. 19.265; σχέτλιε, καὶ μέν τίς τε χερείονι πείθεθ’ ἑταίρῳ.., αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ θεός εἰμι 20.45, cf. 23.118, Il. 2.292, 9.632; νῦν δὲ μνησώμεθα δόρπου· καὶ γάρ τ’ ἠΰκομος Νιόβη ἐμνήσατο σίτου κτλ. 24.602 (where a general inference is implied); ὃν Βριάρεων καλέουσι θεοί, ἄνδρες δέ τε πάντες Αἰγαίων’ 1.403, cf. 2.814, 5.306, 10.258, 14.290; sts.
of repeated action by particular persons, ἄλλοτε μέν τε γόῳ φρένα τέρπομαι Od. 4.102; οὐ μὰ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα Διὶ φίλον, ᾧ τε σύ, Κάλχαν, εὐχόμενος.. θεοπροπίας ἀναφαίνεις Il. 1.86; ἡ δὲ.. μ’ αἰεὶ.. νεικεῖ, καί τέ μέ φησι μάχῃ Τρώεσσιν ἀρήγειν ib. 521; μήτηρ γάρ τέ μέ φησι θεά, Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα, διχθαδίας κῆρας φερέμεν θανάτοιο τέλοσδε 9.410.
2. in exhortations addressed to an individual, a subsidiary sentence or relative clause in which he is reminded of his special or characteristic sphere of activity is marked by τε, e.g. Ἑρμεία, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε φίλτατόν ἐστιν ἀνδρὶ ἑταιρίσσαι καί τ’ ἔκλυες ᾧ κ’ ἐθέλῃσθα, βάσκ’ ἴθι.. Il. 24.334; Ἀτρεΐδη, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν πείσονται μύθοισι.., νῦν δ’ ἀπὸ πυρκαϊῆς σκέδασον.. 23.156; δεῦρο δὴ ὄρσο, γρηῢ.., ἥ τε γυναικῶν δμῳάων σκοπός ἐσσι.., ἔρχεο Od. 22.395, cf. Il. 17.249.
3. similarly in general and frequentative statements consisting of two clauses (one of which may be a relative clause, freq. containing the subj. or opt.), in which the fulfilment of the condition stated in the subsidiary or subordinate clause is declared to be generally or always followed by the result stated in the principal clause, either or both clauses may contain τε: the principal clause alone contains τε, ὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται, μάλα τ’ ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ Il. 1.218; ὃς δ’ ἂν ἀμύμων αὐτὸς ἔῃ καὶ ἀμύμονα εἰδῇ, τοῦ μέν τε κλέος εὐρὺ διὰ ξεῖνοι φορέουσι πάντας ἐπ’ ἀνθρώπους, πολλοί τέ μιν ἐσθλὸν ἔειπον Od. 19.333; εἴ περ γὰρ θυμῷ γε μενοινάᾳ πολεμίζειν, ἀλλά τε λάθρῃ γυῖα βαρύνεται.., βλάβεται δέ τε γούνατ’ ἰόντι Il. 19.165 - 6; ᾧ μέν κ’ ἀμμείξας δώῃ Ζεὺς τερπικέραυνος, ἄλλοτε μέν τε κακῷ ὅ γε κύρεται ἄλλοτε δ’ ἐσθλῷ 24.530. the subordinate clause alone contains τε, λάζετο δ’ ἔγχος.. τῷ δάμνησι στίχας ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων οἷσίν τε κοτέσσεται ὀβριμοπάτρη 5.747; ῥεῖα δ’ ἀρίγνωτος γόνος ἀνέρος ᾧ τε Κρονίων ὄλβον ἐπικλώση Od. 4.207; ἀντί νυ πολλῶν λαῶν ἐστιν ἀνὴρ ὅν τε Ζεὺς κῆρι φιλήσῃ Il. 9.117, cf. 7.298, Od. 6.287, 7.74, 8.547, 18.276; with opt., ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρώτιστος.. ἕλεσκον ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων ὅ τέ μοι εἴξειε πόδεσσι 14.221: it is prob. that τε has been replaced by κε in the text of Hom. in Il. 1.218, 9.510 (cf. 508), and some other passages in which κε seems to be used, exceptionally, in general relative clauses. both clauses contain τε, ὃς μέν τ’ αἰδέσεται κούρας Διὸς ἆσσον ἰούσας, τὸν δὲ μέγ’ ὤνησαν καί τ’ ἔκλυον εὐχομένοιο Il. 9.508 - 9; εἴ περ γάρ τε χόλον γε καὶ αὐτῆμαρ καταπέψῃ, ἀλλά τε καὶ μετόπισθεν ἔχει κότον 1.82 - 3.
4. in the subordinate clause of a collective sentence, in which the principal clause states something to be true of all those (i.e. each individual) to whom the predicate of the subordinate clause applies, ὑπόσχωμαι.. κτήματα.. πάντα μάλ’ ὅσσα τ’ Ἀλέξανδρος.. ἠγάγετο Τροίηνδ’.. δωσέμεν Il. 22.115; πάντων ὅσσα τε γαῖαν ἔπι πνείει τε καὶ ἕρπει 17.447, cf. Od. 18.131, Il. 19.105; βάλλειν ἄγρια πάντα τά τε τρέφει οὔρεσιν ὕλη 5.52, cf. 18.485.
5. in relative clauses (and in parenthetic principal clauses) which indicate what is customary, ἐπεὶ οὐχ ἱερήϊον οὐδὲ βοείην ἀρνύσθην, ἅ τε ποσσὶν ἀέθλια γίγνεται ἀνδρῶν which are the usual prizes.., Il. 22.160; ἔργ’ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε, τά τε κλείουσιν ἀοιδοί Od. 1.338, cf. 3.435, 4.85, 13.410, 14.226, 17.423, Il. 5.332; κύματος ἐξαναδύς, τά τ’ ἐρεύγεται ἤπειρόνδε Od. 5.438; μολπή τ’ ὀρχηστύς τε, τὰ γάρ τ’ ἀναθήματα δαιτός 1.152: similarly in clauses with οἷά τε (πολλά), κῆτος ἐπισσεύῃ μέγα δαίμων ἐξ ἁλός, οἷά τε πολλὰ τρέφει.. Ἀμφιτρίτη 5.422; οὐ γάρ σ’ οὐδέ.. δαήμονι φωτὶ ἐΐσκω ἄθλων, οἷά τε πολλὰ μετ’ ἀνθρώποισι πέλονται 8.160, cf. 11.364, 14.63, 15.324, 379.
6. in relative clauses indicating what is true of all persons or things denoted by the same word, οὐ γάρ τις νήσων ἱππήλατος οὐδ’ εὐλείμων αἵ θ’ ἁλὶ κεκλίαται no one of the islands which lie in the sea (as all islands do, i.e. no island at all), Od. 4.608; ἡμίονον.. ἥ τ’ ἀλγίστη δαμάσασθαι Il. 23.655; ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν γαμβρὸς ἢ πενθερός, οἵ τε μάλιστα κήδιστοι τελέθουσι Od. 8.582; αἰετοῦ οἴματ’ ἔχων.. ὅς θ’ ἅμα κάρτιστός τε καὶ ὤκιστος πετεηνῶν Il. 21.252, cf. 24.294; οὐδέ μιν εἰσοιχνεῦσι κυνηγέται, οἵ τε καθ’ ὕλην ἄλγεα πάσχουσιν Od. 9.120; δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας πρὸς Διὸς εἰρύαται Il. 1.238, cf. Od. 5.67, 101, Il. 1.279, 19.31, 24.415; οἶνός σε τρώει.., ὅς τε καὶ ἄλλους βλάπτει Od. 21.293, cf. 14.464; πάρφασις, ἥ τ’ ἔκλεψε νόον πύκα περ φρονεόντων Il. 14.217; οἰκωφελίη, ἥ τε τρέφει ἀγλαὰ τέκνα Od. 14.223.
7. when the antecedent is a definite group of gods or men, the relative clause with τε indicates an essential characteristic of the antecedent, Ἐρινύες, αἵ θ’ ὑπὸ γαῖαν ἀνθρώπους τείνυνται Il. 19.259; Σειρῆνας.., αἵ ῥά τε πάντας ἀνθρώπους θέλγουσιν Od. 12.39; Φαίηκές μ’ ἄγαγον ναυσίκλυτοι, οἵ τε καὶ ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους πέμπουσιν 16.227, cf. 20.187; νυμφάων αἵ τ’ ἄλσεα καλὰ νέμονται καὶ πηγὰς ποταμῶν Il. 20.8; Λωτοφάγων, οἵ τ’ ἄνθινον εἶδαρ ἔδουσι Od. 9.84: similarly when the antecedent is an individual person (incl. god) or thing, the relative clause with τε indicates one of his or its general or essential characteristics or aspe
G5037 — τέ
(as δέ comes from δή, μέν from μήν, so τέ from the adverb τῇ, properly, as; (others ally it with καί, cf. Curtius, §§ 27, 647; Vanicek, p. 95; Fick Part i., 32; Donaldson, New Crat. § 195)), a copulative enclitic particle (on the use of which cf. Hermann ad Vig., p. 833; Klotz ad Devar. II. 2, pp. 739ff); in the N. T. it occurs most frequently in the Acts, then in the Epistle to the Hebrews, somewhat rarely in the other books (in Matt. three or four times, in Mark once, viz. [Mar 15:36] R G; in John's Gospel three times; nowhere in the Epistles to the Galatians, Thessalonians, or Colossians, nor in the Epistles of John and Peter; twice in text. Rec. of Revelation, viz. [Rev 1:2]; [Rev 21:12]); and, Latinque, differing from the particle καί in that the latter is conjunctive, τέ adjunctive (Winers Grammar, § 53, 2; according to Bäumlein (Griech. Partikeln, p. 145), καί introduces something new under the same aspect yet as an external addition, whereas τέ marks it as having an inner connection with what precedes; hence, καί is the more general particle, τέ the more special and precise; καί may often stand for τέ, but not τέ for καί. (Cf. Ebeling, Lex. Homer, under the word καί, at the beginning)).
1. τέ, standing alone (i. e. not followed by another τέ, or by καί, or other particle), joins a. parts of one and the same sentence, as συναχθέντες συμβούλιον τέ λαβόντες, [Mat 28:12]; ἐν ἀγάπη πνεύματι τέ πρᾳότητος, [1Co 4:21]; add, [Act 2:33]; [Act 10:22]; [Act 11:26]; [Act 20:11]; [Act 23:10] (WH text omits), ; [Act 24:5]; [Act 27:20]f; 28:23>; [Heb 1:3]; [Heb 6:5]; [Heb 9:1].
b. complete sentences: [Joh 4:42]; [Joh 6:18]; [Act 2:37]; [Act 4:33]; [Act 5:19], [Act 5:35], [Act 5:42]; [Act 6:7], [Act 6:12]; [Act 8:3], [Act 8:13], [Act 8:25], [Act 8:31]; [Act 10:28], [Act 10:33], [Act 10:48] (here T Tr WH δέ (see 6 below)); [Act 11:21]; [Act 12:6],8> (L Tr WH ; (see 6 below)),.; [Act 13:4]; [Act 15:4],39; 16:13,23> (WH text δέ; (see 6 below)),; (R G), (Tr text WH δέ (see 6 below)),; (R G),; [Act 19:11],18,29; 20:3,7>; 21:(a Tdf.),[Act 21:18]b,20> (not Lachmann),; [Act 22:8]; [Act 23:5]; [Act 24:27]; [Act 27:5],8,17,29> (Tr marginal reading δέ (see 6 below)),; [Rom 2:19]; [Heb 12:2]; introduces a sentence serving to illustrate the matter in hand, [Act 1:15]; [Act 4:13].
2. τέ... καί, and τέ καί, not only... but also, as well... as, both... and; things are thus connected which are akin, or which are united to each other by some inner bond, whether logical or real; (according to Winers Grammar, 439 (408); Bäumlein as above, p. 224f, these particles give no intimation respecting the relative value of the two members; but according to Rost, Griech. Gram. § 134,4; Donaldson, Gr. Gram. § 551; Jelf, § 758; Klotz ad Devar. II. 2, p. 740, the member with καί is the more emphatic);
a. parts of one and the same sentence (which is completed by a single finite verb): ἐσθίειν τέ καί πίνειν, [Luk 12:45]; φόβητρά τέ καί σημεῖα, [Luk 21:11]: ἀρχιερεῖς τέ καί γραμματεῖς, [Luk 22:66]; πονηρούς τέ καί ἀγαθούς, [Mat 22:10]; Ἡρῴδης τέ καί Πόντιος Πιλᾶτος, [Act 4:27]; ἄνδρες τέ καί γυναῖκες, [Act 8:12]; [Act 9:2]; [Act 22:4]; πάντῃ τέ καί πανταχοῦ, [Act 24:3]; ἀσφαλῆ τέ καί βεβαίαν, [Heb 6:19]; add, [Act 1:1]; [Act 2:9]; [Act 9:29]; [Act 14:1], [Act 14:5]; [Act 15:9]; [Act 18:4]; [Act 19:10], [Act 19:17]; [Act 20:21]; [Act 21:12]; [Act 26:22]; [Rom 1:12], [Rom 1:14], [Rom 1:16]; [Rom 3:9]; [Rom 10:12]; [1Co 1:2] (R G),[1Co 1:24],30>; [Heb 4:12]{a} Rec., 12{b}; (here L omits; Tr WH brackets τέ), [Heb 5:7],14>; [Heb 8:3]; [Heb 9:9],19; 10:33; 11:32>; [Jam 3:7]; τέ is annexed to the article, which is — either repeated after the teal before the following noun, [Luk 2:16]; [Luk 23:12]; [Joh 2:15]; [Act 5:24]; [Act 8:38]; [Act 17:10]; [Act 18:5]; [Act 21:25] (R G); ; — or (less commonly) omitted, [Act 1:13]; [Act 13:1]; ( L T Tr WH); [Rom 1:20]. τέ is annexed to a preposition, which after the following καί is — either repeated, [Act 1:8] where L omits; Tr brackets the repeated ἐν; [Phi 1:7] (R omits; L brackets the second ἐν): — or omitted, [Act 10:39] (Tr text WH); [Act 25:23]; . τέ is annexed to a relative pronoun, although it does not belong so much to the pronoun as to the substantive connected with it, [Act 26:22]. it is annexed to an adverb, ἔτι τέ καί (and moreover), [Act 21:28]. When more than two members are joined together, the first two are joined by τέ καί or τέ... καί, the rest by καί: [Luk 12:45]; [Act 1:13]; [Act 5:24] (R G); ; [1Co 1:30]; [Heb 2:4].
b. τέ... καί connect whole sentences (each of which has its own finite verb, or its own subject): [Act 2:3]f R G; R G; τέ... καί... καί, [Act 21:30].
3. τέ... δέ are so combined that τέ adds a sentence to what has been previously said, and δέ introduces something opposed to this added sentence (Winer's Grammar, 439 (409)): [Act 19:2] L T Tr WH; [Act 19:3] R G L Tr text WH text; [Act 22:28] R G.
4. τέ... τέ presents as parallel (or coordinate) the ideas or sentences which it connects, as... so (cf. kühner § 520; (Jelf, § 754, 3; Winers Grammar, § 53,4); on the Latinque... que cf. Herzog on Sallust, Cat. 9, 3): [Act 2:46]; [Act 16:11]f R G; [Act 17:4]; L T Tr WH text; [Act 26:16]; [Heb 6:2] (Tr brackets; WH text omits second τέ) (Wis. 7:13 Wis. 15:7); τέ καί τέ, [Act 9:15] (L T Tr WH); τέ καί... τέ... καί, [Act 26:20] (L T Tr WH). εἴτε... εἴτε, see εἰ, III. 15; ἐάν τέ... ἐάν τέ, see ἐάν, I. 3 e. μήτε... μήτε... τέ, neither... nor... and, [Act 27:20] (Xenophon, an. 4, 4, 6).
5. τέ γάρ (which began to be frequent from Aristotle down), Latinnamque, etenim, for also, for indeed (Winer's Grammar, 448 (417)), are so used that the former particle connects, the latter gives the reason: [Rom 1:26] (so that in [Rom 1:27] we must read ὁμοίως δέ καί (with L Tr marginal reading), see in 6 below); [Rom 7:7] (4 Macc. 5:22); τέ γάρ... καί, [Heb 2:11]; ἐάν τέ γάρ... ἐάν τέ, for whether... or (whether), [Rom 14:8]; ἐάν τέ γάρ καί, for although (Latinnamque etiamsi), [2Co 10:8] (R G).
6. The reading often varies in manuscripts and editions between τέ and δέ; as, [Mat 23:6]; [Act 3:10]; [Act 4:14]; [Act 8:1], [Act 8:6]; [Act 9:24]; [Act 13:46]; Jude 1:6, etc. (see in 1 b. above). In [Rom 1:27], following Lachmann (Tr marginal reading), we ought certainly to read ὁμοίως δέ καί; cf. Fritzsche at the passage, p. 77; (Buttmann, 361 (309) n.).
7. As respects position (cf. Kühner, § 520 Anm. 5; Winer's Grammar, 559f (520)), τέ is properly annexed to that word or idea which is placed in parallelism with another (as Ἰουδαῖοι τέ καί Ἕλληνες); but writers also take considerable liberty in placing it, and readily subjoin it to an article or a preposition; for examples see in 2 a. above.