H8269. sar
שַׂר420 noun masculine chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince (Late Hebrew especially of angels; Assyrian šarru, king); — absolute שַׂר [2Sam 3:38] +, הַשַּׂר [Micah 7:3] +, שָׂ֑ר [Hosea 3:4] +; construct שַׂר [Judg 4:2] +; suffix שַׂרְכֶם [Dan 10:21]; plural שָׂרִים [1Kin 4:2] +; construct שָׂרֵי [Gen 12:15] +; suffix שָׂרַי [Judg 5:15]; [Isa 10:8], שָׂרֵיכֶם [Jer 44:21], שָׂרֵיהֶם [Isa 3:4] +; —
1 chieftain, leader:
a. plural of Israel [Num 21:18] (poem in J E; || הָעָם נְדִיֹב), of Issachar [Judg 5:15] (poem); גִלְעָד שָׂרֵי [10:18] is dubious (we should expect ׳וְשׂ, and compare ג ׳זִקְנֵי, instead, [11:5-11]); of Midian [7:25]; [8:3]; Philistines [1Sam 29:3] (twice in verse); [29:4] (twice in verse); [29:9]; (apparently = סְרָנִים [29:2]; [29:6]; [29:7] [We], yet distinguished by HPS and [with reserve] Bu; ᵑ9 ᵑ6 ᵐ5 Th Bu strike out in [29:4] b), compare [18:30]; in poetry, of כְּמוֺשׁ (i.e. the leading Moabites) [Jer 48:7], of מָלכם (q. v.; i.e. the leading Ammonites) [Amos 1:15] = [Jer 49:3].
b. singular David as leader of freebooters [1Sam 22:2]; compare ׳שׂ גְּדוּד [1Kin 11:24], plural [2Sam 4:2].
2 vassal, noble, official, under king (acting, on occasion, as counselor, commander, etc.):
a. plural, in Egypt [Gen 12:15] (J) + 3 t. Is + [30:4] Di Du Skinner (>of foreign embassy [compare || מַלְאָכָיו] Che and others reading [CheHeb.Hpt. Marti] שָׁשׂרִים), [Psa 105:22]; Moab [Num 22:8] [8]t. 22, 23 (JE), [Amos 2:3]; Edom [Isa 34:12] (|| הֹרִים); Assyrian [10:8]; [31:9]; Babylonian [21:5] [7]t. Jeremiah + [2Chr 32:31] (but here perhaps vaguely = authorities); other nations [Jer 49:38] [17]t. Ezra, Esther; in General [Isa 49:7]; officials, official class, under kings of Israel: David (only Chronicles) [1Chr 22:17] [5]t. 1Chronicles; [Ezra 8:20]; Solomon [1Kin 4:2]; Jehoiachin [2Kin 24:12], [14]; Zedak. [Jer 34:21]; [2Chr 36:18]; other kings 19 t. 2 Chronicles; in General [Eccl 10:16-17], see also (Judah) [Jer 1:18] 31t. Jeremiah ([17:25] a strike out ׳שׂ Gf Che Gie Du), 4 t. Lamentations; [Ezek 17:12]; [Zeph 1:8] (where distinguished from הַמֶּלֶךְ בְּנֵי, who are never called ׳שׂ); so, in General, [Neh 9:32], [34]; [Dan 9:6], [8]; and (Northern Israel) [Hosea 3:4] 6t. Hosea.
b. as having powers of magistrate (‡adi) [Exod 2:14] (E + שֹׁפֵט); under Moses (over groups of 1000, 100, 50, 10) [18:21] [7]t. 18 (E), [Deut 1:15] (4 t. in verse); later in Judah [Hosea 5:10] (Now reads תִשׁ ׳שָׂרֵי), [Isa 1:23], compare [3:4], [14]; [32:1]; [Micah 7:3] (singular; || שֹׁפֵט), [Zeph 3:3] (|| id.), [Ezek 22:27], compare [Prov 8:16] (|| נְדִיבִים); [28:2] read perhaps צָרֶיהָ, see Toy.
c. as ruler or magistrate of a district (מְרִינָה), [1Kin 20:14-15], [17], [19]; (compare [Est 1:3]; [8:9]; [9:3], וָעָם עַם שָׂרֵי [3:12]).
d. as commandant of city, ׳שׂ הָעִיר [Judg 9:30], compare [1Kin 22:26] [2Chr 18:25]; [2Kin 23:8]; [2Chr 34:8]; of citadel, ׳שׂ הַבִּירָה [Neh 7:2]; plural of city officials ׳שׂ סֻכּוֺת [Judg 8:6], [14] (distinguished from זְקֵנִים), compare [2Kin 10:1]; [2Chr 29:20].
3 specifically military, = captain, General:
a. שַׂרֿ(ה)צבא [Gen 21:22], [32] (E), [26:26] (J), [1Sam 12:9] [23]t., + ׳יֿ׳צֿ׳שׂ [Josh 5:14-15], (J E; צָבָא
1b), angel-captain in vision; see also 8, 9; הַצּ ׳שָׂרֵי [1Kin 1:25] [3]t. Chronicles, בַּצּ ׳שָׂרִים [1Chr 12:22] (Gi Baer; van d. H. v.[12:21]); צְבָאוֺת שָׂרֵי [Deut 20:9]; [1Kin 2:5]; [1Chr 27:3]; שַׂרהַֿחַ֫יִל [2Sam 24:2] (but read וְאֶלשָֿׂרֵי as ᵐ5L and || [1Chr 21:2] Th We Dr HPS Bu), (הַ)ח ׳שָׂרֵי [21:4]; [21:4]; [2Kin 9:5]; [2Chr 33:14]; [Neh 2:9], הַחֲיָלִים שָׂרֵי [1Kin 15:20] [2Chr 16:4]; [2Kin 25:23], [26]; [Jer 40:7], [13] [7]t. Jeremiah; מִלְחָמוֺת שָׂרֵי[2Chr 32:6]; so (ה)שׂר alone [2Sam 18:5]; [19:7]; [1Kin 9:22] [2Chr 8:9] ᵐ5.:B Be Kit (וְשָׁלִישָׁיו שָׁרָיו, for שׁ ׳שָׂרֵי ᵑ0), [2Kin 9:5] (twice in verse); [1Chr 11:6], [21] [9]t., + [Job 39:25]; [Dan 11:5]; ׳שׂ וְגָדוֺל [2Sam 3:38] (of Abner); possibly military figurative also in שָׁלוֺם שַׂר [Isa 9:5] (Messianic name).
b. leading companies of 50 [2Kin 1:9-14] [Isa 3:3], of 100 [1Sam 22:7] [16]t. + [8:12] (reading מֵאוֺת for ᵐ5 חֲמִשִּׁים HPS, compare We; Bu insert מֵאוֺת שָׂרֵי), of 1000 [17:18] [11]t., + וְהַמֵּאוֺת הָאֲלָפִים שָׂרֵי [1Chr 13:1]; [26:26] (distinguished from הַצָּבָא שָׂרֵי), [27:1]; [29:6]; [2Chr 1:2]; also ׳שׂ הָרֶכֶב captain of the chariotry [1Kin 22:31-32], [33] [2Chr 18:30]; [18:31]; [18:32] [3]t. + ׳ר וּפָרָשָׁיו שָׂרֵי [1Kin 9:22] [2Chr 8:9].
4. a. chief, head, of other official classes: הַטַּבָּחִים שַׂר, Egypt, [Gen 37:36] [5]t.; הָרָצִים שָׂרֵי [1Kin 14:27] [2Chr 12:10]; הַנִּצָּבִים שָׂרֵי 1 Kings 5:30; [1Kin 9:23] [2Chr 8:10]; even domestic positions (court of Pharaoh), הַמַּשְׁקִים שַׂר [Gen 40:2] [5]t., הָאוֺפוֺת שַׂר [40:2] [4]t. (all E); הַמּחְלְקוֺת שָׂרֵי [1Chr 28:1], i.e. of the successive courses of royal military officials; compare הַשַּׂר [27:28]; הַסָּרִיסִים שַׂר [Dan 1:7-8], [9], [10], [11], [18]; מְנוּחָה שַׂר [Jer 51:59].
b. = overseer: הַסֹּהַר בֵּית שַׂר [Gen 39:21], [23], מִקְנֶה שָׂרֵי [47:6] (all J; compare הָרֹעִים אַבִּיר [1Sam 21:8]), מִסִּים שָׂרֵי [Exod 1:11] (J); compare [1Chr 15:27]; [29:6]; [27:31]; [28:1]. — In [15:22] read probably הַמַּשָּׂא סַר (= שַׂר) overseer of the carrying (for בַּמַּשָּׂא יָסֹר בְּמַשָּׂא ᵑ0), so ᵐ5 Benz Kit, Be יָסֹר = יָשׂר; see another view יָסַר
Qal. 5. of religious office: הַכֹּהֲנִים שָׂרֵי [Ezra 8:24], [29]; [10:5]; [2Chr 36:14]; ׳שׂ הַלְוִיִּם [1Chr 15:16], [22]; [2Chr 35:9], compare [1Chr 15:5-6], [7], [8], [10] (twice in verse); heads of classes or courses of priests, called קֹרֶשׁ שָׂרֵי [24:5], ׳שׂ אֱלֹהִים [24:5]; — ק ׳שָׂרֵי [Isa 43:28] (usually consecrated princes, whether priests, or kings, or both) is probably corrupt, read perhaps שַׁעֲרֵי (Du) or ᵐ5 קָרְשִׁי שָׂרֶיךָ וַיְחַלְּלוּ Houb Klo CheHpt Gr (substantially).
6 late, of representative leaders of people, tribal heads, יִשׂ ׳שִׁבְטֵי ׳שׂ [1Chr 27:22]; [29:6], compare [28:1]; apparently = elders, ׳שׂ הָעָם [Ezek 11:1]; [2Chr 24:23]; ׳שׂ alone, [Psa 68:28] (3 t. in verse); in post-exilic Jerusalem [Ezra 9:1-2], [Neh 4:10]; [10:1]; [11:1] (הָעָם שָׂרֵי), + elders [Ezra 10:8], [14]; called יְהוּדָה שָׂרֵי [Neh 12:31-32], of district-rulers [3:9], [12], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]; of heads of families, הָאָבוֺת שָׂרֵי [Ezra 8:29]; [1Chr 29:6] (= ׳הָא רָאשֵׁי [24:31]; [27:1]; [Neh 7:70]).
7 late, as term of rank and dignity, [Isa 23:8] (compare 'merchant- princes'), [Job 3:15]; [29:9] (|| נְגִירִים), [34:19]; [Psa 45:17]; [82:7]; [148:11], opposed to עבד(יםׅ [Prov 19:10]; [Eccl 10:7]; formidable foes [Psa 119:23]; [119:161].
8 = patron-angel, only Daniel: מָּרַס (מַלְכוּת) שַׂר [Dan 10:13], [20], ׳שׂ יָוָן [10:20]; specifically of מִיכָאֵל [10:13], [21]; [12:1]
9 שַׂרהַֿצָּבָא [Dan 8:11] = God (probably, compare צָרָא 1c; yet see also ׳צ 1b), so שְׂרִים שַׂר [8:25].
סָרַר / שַׂר
原文音譯:rf; sar
詞類次數:名詞(421)
原文字根:關於;相當於G758(ἄρχων) G1543(ἑκατοντάρχης / ἑκατόνταρχος) G2232(ἡγεμών) G2233(ἐπιτροπεύω / ἡγέομαι)
字義溯源:首領,(軍)長,領袖,將軍,元帥,將帥,統領,統治者,管理人,督,法老,君,君王,大君,君尊的,族長,軍長,官長,臣宰,宰,大臣,使臣,群臣,臣子,頭目,為首,主人,王,王子,轄管者,管理,司獄。出自(H8323(שָׂרַר)*=統治)
出現次數:總共(421);創(26);出(10);民(17);申(5);書(2);士(9);撒上(17);撒下(15);王上(24);王下(25);代上(47);代下(51);拉(11);尼(17);斯(15);伯(4);詩(9);箴(3);傳(3);賽(17);耶(56);哀(4);結(3);但(18);何(8);摩(2);彌(1);番(2)
譯字彙編:
1)長(115)數量太多,不能盡錄;
2)首領(69)[出2:14];[士4:2];[士4:7];[士5:15];[士7:25];[士8:14];[撒下10:16];[撒下10:18];[撒下18:5];[撒下23:19];[王上1:25];[王上16:9];[王上16:16];[王下24:12];[王下24:14];[代上11:21];[代上12:21];[代上19:16];[代上22:16];[代上23:2];[代上27:5];[代上28:1];[代下24:23];[代下29:20];[尼9:32];[尼12:31];[尼12:32];[斯1:3];[斯2:18];[斯3:12];[斯9:3];[詩119:23];[詩119:161];[詩148:11];[賽34:12];[賽49:7];[耶1:18];[耶2:26];[耶24:1];[耶24:8];[耶25:18];[耶26:12];[耶26:21];[耶32:32];[耶34:21];[耶36:12];[耶36:12];[耶36:14];[耶36:21];[耶38:27];[耶39:3];[耶44:17];[耶44:21];[耶49:3];[耶52:10];[哀5:12];[結17:12];[結22:27];[但9:6];[但9:8];[何3:4];[何5:10];[何7:5];[何8:10];[何9:15];[摩1:15];[摩2:3];[番1:8];[番3:3];
3)的首領(32)[士8:6];[撒上29:3];[撒上29:3];[撒上29:4];[撒上29:4];[撒上29:9];[撒下10:3];[王下10:1];[代上19:3];[代上19:18];[代上21:2];[代上27:22];[代上28:1];[代上29:6];[代下8:9];[代下35:9];[拉8:29];[尼11:1];[詩68:27];[詩68:27];[詩68:27];[賽19:11];[賽19:13];[賽19:13];[賽43:28];[耶29:2];[耶34:19];[耶34:19];[耶38:17];[耶38:18];[耶39:3];[結11:1];
4)元帥(13)[書5:14];[書5:15];[撒上17:55];[撒上26:5];[撒下2:8];[撒下24:2];[王上2:5];[王上2:32];[王上2:32];[王下4:13];[王下5:1];[代上11:6];[代上27:34];
5)那些首領(12)[代下23:13];[代下28:14];[代下30:24];[拉9:1];[耶26:11];[耶26:16];[耶35:4];[耶36:19];[耶37:14];[耶37:15];[耶38:4];[耶38:25];
6)和首領(7)[斯1:3];[斯8:9];[賽3:14];[耶17:25];[耶17:25];[耶49:38];[哀2:9];
7)(那)族長(6)[代上15:5];[代上15:6];[代上15:7];[代上15:8];[代上15:9];[代上15:10];
8)王子(6)[代下32:31];[伯3:15];[伯34:19];[詩82:7];[箴8:16];[箴19:10];
9)軍長(6)[創21:22];[創21:32];[代上12:34];[代下33:14];[拉7:28];[伯39:25];
10)使臣(6)[民22:13];[民22:14];[民22:15];[民22:21];[民22:35];[民23:6];
11)的元帥(5)[撒上14:50];[撒下19:13];[王上1:19];[王上11:15];[王上11:21];
12)和那些首領(5)[代上24:6];[代下31:8];[拉8:20];[斯1:16];[斯1:21];
13)臣宰(5)[創12:15];[王下23:8];[代上28:1];[斯1:18];[斯3:1];
14)的眾首領(5)[士10:18];[代下12:6];[代下22:8];[代下24:17];[耶26:10];
15)(那些)首領(4)[代上29:24];[拉10:8];[耶4:9];[耶34:10];
16)君(4)[賽9:6];[但10:13];[但10:20];[但10:20];
17)管理(4)[尼3:12];[尼3:14];[尼3:15];[尼3:16];
18)將帥(3)[撒下19:6];[代下32:21];[代下33:11];
19)(那)首領(3)[代上15:27];[代下17:15];[代下24:10];
20)她的首領(3)[耶50:35];[耶51:57];[哀1:6];
21)司獄(3)[創39:21];[創39:22];[創39:23];
22)那管理(3)[尼3:17];[尼3:18];[尼3:19];
23)我們的首領(3)[拉10:14];[尼9:34];[尼9:38];
24)首領們(3)[民21:18];[代上25:1];[賽32:1];
25)宰(3)[王上22:26];[代下18:25];[代下34:8];
26)官長(3)[創37:36];[代上29:6];[代下8:10];
27)他首領(2)[耶8:1];[但11:5];
28)作首領的(2)[代上24:5];[代上24:5];
29)他們的首領(2)[賽30:4];[何7:16];
30)他的首領(2)[賽31:9];[耶25:19];
31)(那)將軍哪(2)[王下9:5];[王下9:5];
32)的族長(2)[代上15:16];[代上15:22];
33)眾首領(2)[撒下24:4];[撒下24:4];
34)(那些)官長(2)[王上14:27];[尼4:16];
35)(那)君(2)[但10:13];[但12:1];
36)使臣們(2)[民22:8];[民23:17];
37)長的(2)[創41:12];[王下25:19];
38)之君(2)[但8:11];[但8:25];
39)的軍長(2)[撒上18:30];[代上28:1];
40)(那些)臣宰(2)[王上4:2];[斯1:16];
41)主人(1)[傳10:7];
42)你的群臣(1)[傳10:16];
43)大臣(1)[斯6:9];
44)王子們(1)[伯29:9];
45)其君王(1)[箴28:2];
46)他的臣宰(1)[詩105:22];
47)與那眾臣宰(1)[斯5:11];
48)你群臣(1)[傳10:17];
49)王(1)[詩45:16];
50)(那些)臣(1)[斯1:11];
51)大臣:(1)[斯1:14];
52)首領那裏(1)[耶38:22];
53)眾君(1)[但8:25];
54)和其首領(1)[哀2:2];
55)你們的大君(1)[但10:21];
56)使首領(1)[何7:3];
57)(那)君王(1)[彌7:3];
58)和諸首領(1)[何13:10];
59)官長的(1)[耶52:25];
60)的大臣(1)[耶51:59];
61)我的臣宰(1)[賽10:8];
62)作他們的首領(1)[賽3:4];
63)首領阿(1)[賽21:5];
64)是王子(1)[賽23:8];
65)與首領(1)[耶48:7];
66)宰官(1)[尼7:2];
67)你的官長(1)[賽1:23];
68)將軍(1)[代下26:11];
69)的頭目(1)[王上11:24];
70)統領(1)[王上9:22];
71)官員(1)[王上5:16];
72)那些官長(1)[王下11:14];
73)族長(1)[代上12:28];
74)的管理官員(1)[代上27:31];
75)(那)首領是(1)[代上27:8];
76)一個元帥(1)[撒下3:38];
77)長麼(1)[撒上22:7];
78)督(1)[出1:11];
79)看(1)[創47:6];
80)法老前(1)[創12:15];
81)(那些)使臣們(1)[民22:40];
82)的兩個首領(1)[士8:3];
83)頭目(1)[撒上22:2];
84)(那)宰(1)[士9:30];
85)那眾首領(1)[代上28:21];
86)的首領們(1)[代下12:5];
87)他的眾首領(1)[代下35:8];
88)他的首領們(1)[代下32:3];
89)與那眾首領(1)[代下30:12];
90)與眾首領(1)[代下36:18];
91)與他的軍長(1)[拉8:25];
92)而那些首領(1)[拉9:2];
93)(那些)族長(1)[拉8:29];
94)和眾首領(1)[代下30:6];
95)和他的眾首領(1)[代下30:2];
96)(那)為首(1)[代下17:14];
97)臣子(1)[代下17:7];
98)幾個首領(1)[代下21:4];
99)他的軍長(1)[代下21:9];
100)與那些首領(1)[代下29:30];
101)並那些首領(1)[代下28:21];
102)他管理(1)[尼3:9]