σῶμα, ατος, τό

(Arc. dat. pl. σωμάτεσι IG 5(2).357.156 (Stymphalus, iii B.C.)),

body of man or beast, but in Hom., as Aristarch. remarks (v. Apollon. Lex.), always dead body, corpse (whereas the living body is δέμας), ὥς τε λέων ἐχάρη μεγάλῳ ἐπὶ σώματι κύρσας Il. 3.23, cf. 18.161; ς. δὲ οἴκαδ’ ἐμὸν δόμεναι πάλιν 7.79; ς. κατελείπομεν ἄθαπτον Od. 11.53; ὦν.. σώματ’ ἀκηδέα κεῖται 24.187; so also in Hes. Sc. 426, Simon. 119, Pi. O. 9.34, Hdt. 7.167, Posidon. 14 J., Mar 15:43, etc.; τὸ ς. τοῦ τεθνεῶτος Pl. R. 469d, cf. Grg. 524c, D. 43.65; ς. νεκρόν POxy. 51.7 (ii A.D.); νεκρὸν ς. Gal. 18(2).93, cf. νεκρός 11.1; μέγιστον ς... σποδου, = ς. μέγιστον ὃ νῦν σποδός ἐστι, S. El. 758; also later, Wilcken Chr. 499 (ii/iii A.D.).

2. the living body, Hes. Op. 540, Batr. 44, Thgn. 650, Pi. O. 6.56, P. 8.82, Hdt. 1.139, etc.; δόμοι καὶ σώματα A. Th. 896 (lyr.); γενναῖος τῷ ς. S. Ph. 51; εὔρωστος τὸ ς. X. HG 6.1.6; τὸ ς. σῴζειν or -εσθαι save one’s life, D. 22.55, Th. 1.136; διασῴζειν or -εσθαι Isoc. 6.46, X. An. 5.5.13; περὶ πολλῶν ς. καὶ χρημάτων βουλεύειν Th. 1.85; περὶ τοῦ ς. ἀγωνίζεσθαι for one’s life, Lys. 5.1; ἔχειν τὸ ς. κακῶς, ὡς βέλτιστα, etc., to be in a bad, a good state of bodily health, X. Mem. 3.12.1, 3.12.5.

3. body, opp. spirit (εἴδωλον), Pi. Fr. 131; opp. soul (ψυχή), Pl. Grg. 493a, Phd. 91d; τὰ τοῦ ς. ἔργα bodily labours, X. Mem. 2.8.2; αἱ τοῦ ς. ἡδοναί, αἱ κατὰ τὸ ς. ἡδ., ib. 1.5.6, Pl. R. 328d; τὰ εἰς τὸ ς. τιμήματα bodily punishments, Aeschin. 2.139; τὰ εἰς τὸ ς. ἀδικήματα PHal. 1.193 (iii B.C.).

4. animal body, opp. plants, Pl. R. 564a (pl.); but of plants, 1Co 15:38.

5. civic rights (like Lat. caput), Lys. 23.12; ἄτιμοι τὰ ς. And. 1.74; μέρος ἠτιμῶσθαι τοῦ ς. D. 51.12.

6. in NT, of the sacramental body of Christ, τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ς. μου Mat 26:26; Ephesians 1Co 10:16. of the body of Christ’s church, οἱ πολλοὶ ἓν ς. ἐσμεν ἐν Χριστῷ Rom 12:5; ἡ ἐκκλησία ἥτις ἐστὶ τὸ ς. [τοῦ Χριστοῦ ] Eph 1:23.

II periphr., ἀνθρώπου ς. ἓν οὐδέν, = ἄνθρωπος οὐδὲ εἷς, Hdt. 1.32; esp. in Trag., σῶμα θηρός, = θήρ, S. OC 1568 (lyr.); τεκέων σώματα, = τέκνα, E. Tr. 201 (lyr.); τὸ σὸν ς., = σύ, Id. Hec. 301; rarely in sg. of many persons, σῶμα τέκνων Id. Med. 1108 (anap.).

2. a person, human being, τὰ πολλὰ ς., = οἱ πολλοί, S. Ant. 676; λευκὰ γήρᾳ ς. E. HF 909 (lyr.); ς. ἄδικα Id. Supp. 223, cf. Pl. Lg. 908a, PSI 4.359.9 366.7 (iii B.C.), etc.; ἑκάστου τοῦ σώματος, IG 12.22.14; κατὰ σῶμα per person, PRLaws 50.9 (iii B.C.); καταστήσαντες τὸ ς. ἀφείσθωσαν τῆς ἐγγύης PMich.Zen. 70.12 (iii B.C.); ἐργαζομένη αὑτῇ τῷ ἰδίῳ ς. working for her self, earning her own living, PEnteux. 26.7 (iii B.C.); τὰ φίλτατα ς., of children, Aeschin. 3.78; freq. of slaves, αἰχμάλωτα ς. D. 20.77, IG 12(7).386.25 (Amorgos, iii B.C.), SIG 588.64 (Milet., ii B.C.), etc.; οἰκετικὰ ς. Lexap. Aeschin. 1.16, cf. SIG 633.88 (Milet., ii B.C.); δοῦλα Poll. 3.78; ἐλεύθερα ς. X. HG 2.1.19, Plb. 2.6.6, etc.; later, σῶμα is used abs. for a slave, PHib. 1.54.20 (iii B.C.), Plb. 12.16.5, Rev 18:13, etc.; ς. γυναικεῖον, ᾇ ὄνομα.. GDI 2154.6 (Delph., ii B.C.); a usage censured by Poll.l.c. and Phryn. 355; also of troops, τὴν τῶν ς. σύνταξιν Aen.Tact. 1.1; μηχανήμασιν ἢ σώμασιν ἐναντιοῦσθαι ὧδε Id. 32.1.

III generally, a body, i.e. any corporeal substance, δεῖ αὐτὸ (sc. τὸ ὄν) ς. μὴ ἔχειν Meliss. 9; ἢ μέγεθός ἐστιν ἢ ς. ἐστιν Gorg. 3; ς. ἄψυχον, ἔμψυχον, Pl. Phdr. 245e, cf. Plt. 288e, Arist. Ph. 265b29, al.; ὁ λίθος ς. ἐστι Luc. Vit.Auct. 25; φασὶν οἱ μὲν ς. εἶναι τὸν χρόνον, οἱ δὲ ἀσώματον S.E. M. 10.215; κυκλικὸν ς., of one of the spheres, Jul. Or. 5.162b, al.; τὸ πέμπτον ς. the fifth element, Philol. 12, Placit. 1.3.22, Jul. Or. 4.132c; metallic substance, Olymp. Alch.p.71 B.

2. Math., figure of three dimensions, solid, opp. a surface, etc., Arist. Top. 142b24,

Metaph. 1020a14, al. the body or whole of a thing, esp. of complete parts of the body, τὸ ς. τῶν νεφρῶν Id. HA 497a9; τὰ ς. τῶν αἰσθητηρίων Id. GA 744b24; τὸ ς. τῆς γαστρός, τῆς κοιλίας, Gal. 15.667,806; ς. παιδοποιόν Ael. NA 17.42: generally, the whole body or frame of a thing, ὑπὸ σώματι γᾶς A. Th. 947 (lyr.); τὸ ς. τοῦ παντός, τοῦ κόσμου, Pl. Ti. 31b. 32c; ὕδωρ, ποταμοῦ ς. Chaerem. 17; τὸ ς. τῆς πίστεως the body of the proof, i.e. arguments, Arist. Rh. 1354a15; τῆς λέξεως Longin. Rh. p.188 H.; of a body of writings, Cic. Att. 2.1.4; text of a document, opp. ὑπογραφή, BGU 187.12 (ii A.D.), cf. PFay. 34.20 (ii A.D.); of a will, POxy. 494.30 (ii A.D.).

2. ξύλα σώματα logs, opp. κλάδοι, POxy. 1738.3 (iii A.D.); ς. μέγα περσέας CPHerm. 7 ii 27, cf. iii 8 (iii A.D.).

σῶμα sōma 142x

the body of an animal;

    a living body, Mat 5:29-30; Mat 6:22-23; Mat 6:25; Jas 3:3;

    a person, individual, 1Co 6:16;

    a dead body; corpse, carcass, Mat 14:12; Mat 27:52; Mat 27:58; Heb 13:11;     

    the human body considered as the seat and occasion of moral imperfection, as inducing to sin through its appetites and passions, Rom 7:24; Rom 8:13;

    genr. a body, a material substance, 1Co 15:37-38; 1Co 15:40;

    the substance, reality, as opposed to ἡ σκιά, Col 2:17;

    in NT met., the aggregate body of believers, the body of the Church, Rom 12:5; Col 1:18 body.

G4983 — σῶμα

σώματος, τό (apparently from σῶς 'entire' (but cf. Curtius, § 570; others from the root, ska, sko, 'to cover', cf. Vanicek, p. 1055; Curtius, p. 696)), the Sept. for בָּשָׂר, גְּוִיָּה, etc.; נְבֵלָה (a corpse), also for Chaldean גֶּשֶׁם; a body; and:

1. the body both of men and of animals (on the distinction between it and σάρξ see σάρξ, especially 2 at the beginning; (cf. Dickson, St. Paul's use of 'Flesh' and 'Spirit', p. 247ff));

a. as everywhere in Homer (who calls the living body δέμας and not infreqently in subsequently Greek writings, a dead body or corpse: universally, Luk 17:37; of a man, Mat 14:12 R G; (Mar 15:45 R G); Act 9:40; plural Joh 19:31; τό σῶμα τίνος, Mat 27:58; Mar 15:43; Luk 23:52, Luk 23:55; Joh 19:38, Joh 19:40; Joh 20:12; Jude 1:9; of the body of an animal offered in sacrifice, plural Heb 13:11 (Exo 29:14; Num 19:3).

b. as in Greek writings from Hesiod down, the living body: — of animals, Jam 3:3; — of man: τό σῶμα, absolutely, Luk 11:34; Luk 12:23; 1Co 6:13, etc.; ἐν σώματι εἶναι, of earthly life with its troubles, Heb 13:3; distinguished from τό αἷμα, 1Co 11:27; τό σῶμα and τά μέλη of it, 1Co 12:12, 1Co 12:14-20; Jam 3:6; τό σῶμα the temple of τό ἅγιον πνεῦμα, 1Co 6:19; the instrument of the soul, τά διά τοῦ σωματου namely, πραχθεντα, 2Co 5:10; it is distinguished — from τό πνεῦμα, in Rom 8:10; 1Co 5:3; 1Co 6:20 Rec.; ; Jam 2:26 (4 Macc. 11:11); — from ἡ ψυχή, in Mat 6:25; Mat 10:28; Luk 12:22 (Wis. 1:4 Wis. 8:19f; 2 Macc. 7:37 2Macc. 14:38; 4 Macc. 1:28, etc.); — from ἡ ψυχή and τό πνεῦμα together, in 1Th 5:23 (cf. Song of the Three, 63); σῶμα ψυχικόν and σῶμα πνευματικόν are distinguished, 1Co 15:44 (see πνευματικός, 1 and ψυχικός, a.); τό σῶμα τίνος, Mat 5:29; Luk 11:34; Rom 4:19; Rom 8:23 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 187 (176)), etc.; ὁ ναός τοῦ σωματου αὐτοῦ, the temple which was his body, Joh 2:21; plural, Rom 1:24; 1Co 6:15; Eph 5:28; the genitive of the possessor is omitted where it is easily learned from the context, as 1Co 5:3; 2Co 4:10; 2Co 5:8; Heb 10:22(23), etc.; τό σῶμα τῆς ταπεινώσεως ἡμῶν, the body of our humiliation (subjective genitive), i. e. which we wear in this servile and lowly human life, opposed to τό σῶμα τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ (i. e. τοῦ Χριστοῦ), the body which Christ has in his glorified state with God in heaven, Phi 3:21; διά τοῦ σωματου τοῦ Χριστοῦ, through the death of Christ's body, Rom 7:4; διά τῆς προσφοράς τοῦ σωματου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, through the sacrificial offering of the body of Jesus Christ, Heb 10:10; τό σῶμα τῆς σαρκός, the body consisting of flesh, i. e. the physical body (tacitly opposed to Christ's spiritual body, the church, see 3 below), Col 1:22 (differently in Col 2:11 (see just below)); σῶμα τοῦ θανάτου, the body subject to death, given over to it (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30, 2 β.), Rom 7:24; the fact that the body includes ἡ σάρξ:, and in the flesh also the incentives to sin (see σάρξ, 4), gives origin to the following phrases: μή βασιλευέτω ἡ ἁμαρτία ἐν τῷ θνητῷ ὑμῶν σώματι, Rom 6:12 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 524 (488)); αἱ πράξεις τοῦ σώματος, Rom 8:13. Since the body is the instrument of the soul (2Co 5:10), and its members the instruments either of righteousness or of iniquity (Rom 6:13, Rom 6:19), the following expressions are easily intelligible: σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας, the body subject to, the thrall of, sin (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30, 2 β.), Rom 6:6; τό σῶμα τῆς σαρκός, subject to the incitements of the flesh, Col 2:11 (where Rec. has τό σῶμα τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν τῆς σαρκός). δοξάζετε τόν Θεόν ἐν τῷ σώματι ὑμῶν, 1Co 6:20; μεγαλύνειν τόν Χριστόν ἐν τῷ σώματι, εἴτε διά ζωῆς, εἴτε διά θανάτου, Phi 1:20; παραστῆσαι τά σώματα θυσίαν... τῷ Θεῷ (i. e. by bodily purity (cf. Meyer at the passage)), Rom 12:1.

c. Since according to ancient law in the ease of slaves the body was the chief thing taken into account, it is a usage of later Greek to call slaves simply σώματα; once so in the N. T.: Rev 18:13, where the Vulg. correctly translates bymancipia (A. V. slaves) (σώματα τοῦ οἴκου, Gen 36:6; σώματα καί κτήνη, Tobit 10:10; Ἰουδαικα σώματα, 2 Macc. 8:11; examples from Greek writings are given by Lob. ad Phryn., p. 378f (add (from Sophocles Lexicon, under the word), Polybius 1, 29, 7; 4, 38, 4, also 3, 17, 10 bis); the earlier and more elegant Greek writings said σώματα δοῦλα, ὀικετικα, etc.).

2. The name is transferred to the bodies of plants, 1Co 15:37f, and of stars (cf. our 'heavenly bodies'), hence, Paul distinguishes between σώματα ἐπουράνια, bodies celestial, i. e. the bodies of the heavenly luminaries and of angels (see ἐπουράνιος, 1), and σώματα ἐπίγεια, bodies terrestrial (i. e. bodies of men, animals, and plants), 1Co 15:40 (ἅπαν σῶμα τῆς τῶν ὅλων φύσεως... τό σῶμα τοῦ κόσμου, diod. 1, 11).

3. tropically σῶμα is used of a (large or small) "number of men closely united into one society, or family as it were; a social, ethical, mystical body"; so in the N. T. of the church: Rom 12:5; 1Co 10:17; 1Co 12:13; Eph 2:16; Eph 4:16; Eph 5:23; Col 1:18; Col 2:19 Col 3:15; with τοῦ Χριστοῦ added, 1Co 10:16; 1Co 12:27; Eph 1:23; Eph 4:12; Eph 5:30; Col 1:24; of which spiritual body Christ; is the head, Eph 4:15; Eph 5:23; Col 1:18; Col 2:19, who by the influence of his Spirit works in the church as the soul does in the body. ἕν σῶμα καί ἕν πνεῦμα, Eph 4:4.

4. ἡ σκιά and τό σῶμα are distinguished as the shadow and the thing itself which casts the shadow: Col 2:17; σκιάν αἰτησόμενος βασιλείας, ἧς ἥρπασεν ἑαυτῷ τό σῶμα, Josephus, b. j. 2, 2, 5; ((Philo de confus. ling. § 37; Lucian, Hermot. 79)).

σῶμα , - τος , τό ,

[in LXX for H1320, H1472, etc., and for Aram.]

a body.

1. Prop ., of the human body,

(a) as always in Hom . ( opp . to δέμας ), of the dead body: Mat 27:58-59, Mar 15:43, al. ;

(b) of the living body: Luk 11:34 , 1Co 6:13, al. ; ἐν σ . εἶναι , Heb 13:3; as the instru-ment of the soul, τὰ διὰ τοῦ σ ., 2Co 5:10; opp . to πνευμα , Rom 8:10, 1Co 5:3 ; 1Co 7:4, Jas 2:26; to ψυχή , Mat 6:25; Mat 10:28, Luk 12:22 ( cf. Wis 1:4 , al. ); to τὸ Papyri καὶ ἡ ψ ., 1Th 5:23; σ . ψυχικόν , opp . to σ . πνευματικόν , 1Co 15:44; ὁ ναὸς τοῦ σ . αὐτοῦ ( gen . epexeg .), Joh 2:21; τὸ σ . τ . ταπεινώσεως ἡμῶν (Hebraistic " gen . of definition"; M , Pr., 73 f .; B1., § 35, 5), opp . to τὸ σ . τ . δοξῆς αὐτοῦ , Php 3:21; similarly, τὸ σ . τ . σαρκός , Col 1:22; σ . τοῦ θανάτου (subject to death), Rom 7:24; σ . τ . ἁμαρτίας , Rom 6:6;

( c ) periphr., ἀνθρώπου σ ., then absol. , σῶμα ( Soph ., Xen ., a1.), a person, and in later writers ( Polyb ., al. ), a slave: Rev 18:13 ( cf. MM , i, ii, xxiv; Deiss., BS , 160).

2. Of the bodies of animals: living, Jas 3:3; dead, Heb 13:11 (Exo 29:14, al. ).

3. Of inanimate objects ( cf. Eng. "heavenly bodies"): 1Co 15:37-38; 1Co 15:40 ( Diod ., al. ).

4. Of any corporeal substance ( Plat ., al. ): opp . to σκιά , Col 2:17. Metaph ., of a number of persons united by a common bond; in NT, of the Church as the spiritual body of Christ: Rom 12:5, 1Co 10:16-17; 1Co 12:13 ; 1Co 12:27, Eph 1:23; Eph 2:16; Eph 4:4; Eph 4:12; Eph 4:16; Eph 5:23; Eph 5:30, Col 1:18; Col 1:24; Col 2:19; Col 3:15; ἓν σ . κ . ἓν πνεῦμα , Eph 4:4.

詞類次數：名詞（146）

原文字根：身體 相當於：H1320（בָּשָׂר‎） H1472（גְּוִיָּה‎）

字義溯源：身體，身，體，身子，身上，本身，肉身，形體，活的身體，死的身體，死人，屍首，屍體；（有如一個）完全的整體，源自（G4982（ἐκσῴζω / σῴζω）=救），而G4982（ἐκσῴζω / σῴζω）出自（G4987（σωρεύω）X*=穩妥，安全）

同源字：1）G4954（σύσσωμος）同為一體 2）G4983（σῶμα）身體 3）G4984（σωματικός）形體的 4）G4985（σωματικῶς）有形地

出現次數：總共（142）；太（13）；可（4）；路（13）；約（6）；徒（1）；羅（13）；林前（47）；林後（10）；加（1）；弗（9）；腓（3）；西（8）；帖前（1）；來（5）；雅（5）；彼前（1）；猶（1）；啓（1）

譯字彙編：

1）身體（93）太6:25；太6:25；太10:28；太10:28；太26:26；太27:52；太27:58；太27:59；可14:8；可14:22；可15:43；路11:34；路12:4；路12:22；路12:23；路22:19；路23:52；路23:55；路24:3；路24:23；約2:21；約19:38；約19:38；約19:40；約20:12；羅1:24；羅4:19；羅6:6；羅6:12；羅7:4；羅7:24；羅8:10；羅8:11；羅8:13；羅8:23；羅12:1；羅12:4；林前5:3；林前6:13；林前6:13；林前6:15；林前6:18；林前6:18；林前6:19；林前6:20；林前7:4；林前7:4；林前7:34；林前9:27；林前10:16；林前10:17；林前11:24；林前11:29；林前12:12；林前12:12；林前12:12；林前12:13；林前12:14；林前12:15；林前12:15；林前12:16；林前12:16；林前12:18；林前12:19；林前12:20；林前12:24；林前12:25；林前12:27；林前13:3；林前15:35；林前15:44；林前15:44；林前15:44；林前15:44；林後5:6；林後5:8；弗1:23；弗4:4；弗4:12；弗4:16；弗5:23；弗5:28；腓3:21；腓3:21；西1:18；西1:24；西2:23；西3:15；來10:10；來10:22；雅2:16；雅2:26；彼前2:24；

2）身（25）太5:29；太5:30；太6:22；太26:12；路11:34；路11:36；羅12:5；林前11:27；林前12:17；林後4:10；林後4:10；林後5:10；林後12:2；林後12:2；林後12:3；林後12:3；加6:17；弗4:16；腓1:20；西1:22；西2:11；西2:19；雅3:2；雅3:3；雅3:6；

3）形體（4）林前15:37；林前15:38；林前15:40；林前15:40；

4）屍首（3）路17:37；約19:31；猶1:9；

5）身上（3）可5:29；路11:34；弗5:30；

6）體（3）林前6:16；弗2:16；帖前5:23；

7）身體上（2）林前12:22；林前12:23；

8）肉身（1）來13:3；

9）身子（1）來13:11；

10）奴僕（1）啓18:13；

11）一個身體（1）來10:5；

12）實體（1）西2:17；

13）身上的（1）太6:22；

14）一個形體（1）林前15:38；

15）本身（1）林後10:10；

16）死人（1）徒9:40