πτωχός (
ptōchós｜
pto-khos'｜
adjective｜
poor)
[Grk]
πτωχός LN: 57.53,
65.16,
88.57 GK: G4777 Hebrew: אֶבְיֹון,
אָרַר,
דַּל,
חֵלְכָא,
עָנִי,
קָטָן,
רוּשׁ
Derivation: from
πτώσσω (to crouch);
Strong's: akin to πτοέω and the alternate of
πίπτω); a beggar (as cringing), i.e. pauper (strictly denoting absolute or public mendicancy, although also used in a qualified or relative sense; whereas
πένης properly means only straitened circumstances in private), literally (often as noun) or figuratively (distressed)
KJV: --beggar(-ly), poor.
See: πτοέωSee: πίπτωSee: πένης πτωχός, ή, όν, also ός, όν A. Ag. 1274, S. OC 444, 751: - beggar, Od. 14.400, 18.1, Hdt. 3.14, etc.; πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε Od. 6.208, cf. 17.475; πτωχὸς πτωχῷ φθονέει Hes. Op. 26; π. ἀνὴρ ἀλαλήμενος ἐλθών Od. 21.327; π. καὶ ἀλήμονες ἄνδρες 19.74; πτωχοὺς ἀλᾶσθαι E. Med. 515; πτωχοῦ βίος ζῆν ἐστιν μηδὲν ἔχοντα, τοῦ δὲ πένητος ζῆν φειδόμενον Ar. Pl. 552: prov., πτωχοῦ πήρη οὐ πίμπλαται Call. Fr. 360: πτωχή beggar-woman, Ath. 10.453a (so πτωχός (fem.), S. OC 444 ); χήρα πτωχή [Mar 12:42] .
2. metaph., οἱ π. τῷ πνεύματι Ev.[Mat 5:3], cf. Ev.[Luk 6:20] .
II as Adj., beggarly, πτωχῷ διαίτῃ S. OC 751; π. στοιχεῖα Ep.[Gal 4:9]: c. gen., beggared of, poor in, [ πηγὴ] π. νυμφῶν AP 9.258 ( Antiphan. ).
2. Comp. πτωχότερος Timocl. 6.10; prov., π. κίγκλου ’as poor as a church mouse’, Men. 221; irreg. πτωχίστερος Ar. Ach. 425: Sup. πτωχότατος AP 10.50 ( Pall. ).
3. Adv. -χῶς poorly, scantily, ἠροτρία π. μέν, ἀλλ’ ἀναγκαίως Babr. 55.2 .
πτωχός ptōchos 34x
reduced to beggary, mendicant;
poor, indigent, [Mat 19:21]; [Mat 26:9]; [Mat 26:11];
met. spiritually poor, [Rev 3:17];
by impl. a person of low condition, [Mat 11:4]; [Luk 4:18]; [Luk 7:22];
met. beggarly, sorry, [Gal 4:9];
met. lowly, [Mat 5:3]; [Luk 6:20] poor.
G4434 — πτωχός
πτωχή, πτωχόν (πτώσσω, to be thoroughly frightened, to cower down or hide oneself for fear; hence, πτωχός properly, one who slinks and crouches), often involving the idea of roving about in wretchedness (see πένης, at the end; "but it always had a bad sense till it was ennobled in the Gospels; see [Mat 5:3]; [Luk 6:20], cf. [2Co 8:9]" (Liddell and Scott, under I.)); hence,
1. in classical Greek from Homer down, reduced to beggary, begging, mendicant, asking alms: [Luk 14:13], [Luk 14:21]; [Luk 16:20], [Luk 16:22].
2. poor, needy (opposed to πλούσιος): [Mat 19:21]; [Mat 26:9], [Mat 26:11]; [Mar 10:21]; [Mar 12:42], [Mar 12:43]; [Mar 14:5], [Mar 14:7]; [Luk 18:22]; [Luk 19:8]; [Luk 21:3]; [Joh 12:5], [Joh 12:6], [Joh 12:8]; [Joh 13:29]; [Rom 15:26]; [2Co 6:10]; [Gal 2:10]; [Jam 2:2], [Jam 2:3], [Jam 2:6]; [Rev 13:16]; in a broader sense, destitute of wealth, influence, position, honors; lowly, afflicted: [Mat 11:5]; [Luk 4:18] (from [Isa 61:1]); Isa. 6:20; ; οἱ πτωχοί τοῦ κόσμου (partitive genitive), the poor of the human race, [Jam 2:5]; but the more correct reading is that of L T Tr WH viz. τῷ κόσμῳ (unto the world), i. e. the ungodly world being judge, cf. Winers Grammar, § 31, 4 a.; Buttmann, § 133, 14; (R. V. as to the world (see next head, and cf. κόσμος, 7)). tropically, destitute of the Christian virtues and the eternal riches, [Rev 3:17]; like the Latininops, equivalent to helpless, powerless to accomplish an end: στοιχεῖα, [Gal 4:9] (`bringing no rich endowment of spiritual treasure' (Lightfoot)).
3. universally, lacking in anything, with a dative of the respect: τῷ πνεύματι, as respects their spirit, i. e. destitute of the wealth of learning and intellectual culture which the schools afford (men of this class most readily gave themselves up to Christ's teaching and proved themselves fitted to lay hold of the heavenly treasure, [Mat 11:25]; [Joh 9:39]; [1Co 1:26], [1Co 1:27]; (others make the idea more inward and ethical: 'conscious of their spiritual need')), [Mat 5:3]; compare with this the Epistle of Barnabas 19 [ET], see ἔσῃ ἁπλοῦς τῇ καρδία καί πλούσιος τῷ πνεύματι, abounding in Christian graces and the riches of the divine kingdom. (The Sept. for עָנִי, דַּל, רָשׁ, אֶבְיון, etc.)
πτωχός , - ή , - όν
( < πτώσσω , to crouch, cower),
[in LXX for H6041, H1800, רָשׁ , etc.;]
of one who crouches and cowers, hence,
1. as subst ., a beggar: [Luk 14:13]; [Luk 14:21]; [Luk 16:20]; [Luk 16:22].
2. As adj. ,
(a) prop ., beggarly: metaph ., στοιχεῖα , [Gal 4:9] ( v. Lft ., in l );
(b) in broader sense ( opp . to πλούσιος ), poor: [Mat 11:5]; [Mat 19:21]; [Mat 26:9]; [Mat 26:11], [Mar 10:21]; [Mar 12:42-43]; [Mar 14:5]; [Mar 14:7], [Luk 4:18]; [Luk 7:22]; [Luk 18:22]; [Luk 19:8]; [Luk 21:3], [Joh 12:5-6]; [Joh 12:8]; [Joh 13:29], Rom 15:26 , [2Co 6:10], [Gal 2:10], [Jas 2:2-3]; [Jas 2:6], [Rev 13:16]; Papyri τ . κόσμῳ , [Jas 2:5]; metaph ., [Luk 6:20], [Rev 3:17]; Papyri τ . πνεύματι , [Mat 5:3]. †
SYN.: πένης G3993, q.v.
πτωχός原文音譯：ptwcÒj 普拖何士
詞類次數：形容詞（34）
原文字根：貧窮 相當於：H34（אֶבְיׄון） H1800（דַּל） H4134（מוּךְ） H4270（מַחְסׄור） H6041（עָנִי） H7326（רוּשׁ） H7389（רֵישׁ）
字義溯源：乞丐，討飯的，無用的，窮人，貧窮人，貧窮，貧，窮，受壓制的，可憐的，缺乏；源自（G4431（πτῶσις）X*=蹲伏），類似（G4422（πτοέω）=驚慌*）。這是說到貧窮主要的一個編號，既指財物上的貧窮，也指屬靈上的貧窮。保羅說，主耶穌本來富足，卻為我們成了貧窮，叫我們因他的貧窮，可以成為富足（[林後8:9]）。這樣可以激勵信徒為基督的緣故，在地上自甘貧窮。參讀G3993（πένης）同義字
同源字：1）
G4432（
πτωχεία）赤貧 2）
G4433（
πτωχεύω）成了貧窮 3）
G4434（
πτωχός）乞丐
出現次數：總共（34）；太（5）；可（5）；路（10）；約（4）；羅（1）；林後（1）；加（2）；雅（4）；啓（2）
譯字彙編：
1）窮人（16）[太11:5]；[太19:21]；[太26:9]；[太26:11]；[可10:21]；[可14:5]；[可14:7]；[路7:22]；[路18:22]；[路19:8]；[約12:5]；[約12:6]；[約12:8]；[羅15:26]；[加2:10]；[雅2:3]；
2）窮（4）[可12:42]；[可12:43]；[路21:3]；[約13:29]；
3）貧窮（2）[林後6:10]；[啓3:17]；
4）貧窮人（2）[雅2:5]；[雅2:6]；
5）貧窮的人（2）[太5:3]；[路6:20]；
6）討飯的（2）[路16:20]；[路16:22]；
7）貧窮的（2）[路14:13]；[路14:21]；
8）貧的（1）[啓13:16]；
9）給貧窮的（1）[路4:18]；
10）一個窮人（1）[雅2:2]；
11）無用的（1）[加4:9]