οὐ, the negative of fact and statement, as μή of will and thought; οὐ denies, μή rejects; οὐ is absolute, μή relative; οὐ objective, μή subjective. -

The same differences hold for all compds. of οὐ and μή, and some examples of οὐδέ and οὐδείς are included below. -

As to the Form, v. infr. G. USAG E.

I as the negative of single words,

II as the negative of the sentence.

I οὐ adhering to single words so as to form a quasi-compd. with them: - with Verbs: οὐ δίδωμι withhold, Il. 24.296; οὐκ εἰῶ prevent, 2.132, 4.55, al.; οὐκ ἐθέλω refuse, 1.112, 3.289, al.; οὔ φημι deny, 7.393, 23.668, al. (In most of these uses μή can replace οὐ when the constr. requires it, e.g. εἰ μή φησι ταῦτα ἀληθῆ εἶναι Lycurg. 34; but sts. οὐ is retained, εἰ δ’ ἂν.. οὐκ ἐθέλωσιν Il. 3.289; εἰ δέ κ’.. ου’κ εἰῶσι 20.139; ἐὰν οὐ φάσκῃ Lys. 13.76; ἐάντε.. οὐ (v.l. μή) φῆτε ἐάντε φῆτε Pl. Ap. 25b): -

with Participles: οὐκ ἐθέλων Il. 4.224, 300, 6.165, etc.: - with Adjectives: οὐκ ἀέκοντε 5.366, 768, al.; οὐ πολλήν Th. 6.7, etc.: - with Adverbs: οὐχ ἥκιστα Id. 1.68, etc.: rarely with Verbal Nouns (v. infr. 11.10). -

On the use of οὐ in contrasts, v. infr. B.

II as negativing the whole sentence,

1 οὐ is freq. used alone, sts. with the ellipsis of a definite Verb, οὔκ (sc. ἀποκερῇ), ἄν γε ἐμοὶ πείθῃ Pl. Phd. 89b: sts. as negativing the preceding sentence, Ar. Pax 850, X. HG 1.7.19: as a Particle of solemn denial freq. with μά (q. v.) and the acc.; sts. without μά, οὐ τὸν πάντων θεῶν θεὸν πρόμον Ἅλιον S. OT 660 (lyr.), cf. 1088 (lyr.), El. 1063 (lyr.), Ant. 758.

2. with ind. of statement, τὴν δ’ ἐγὼ οὐ λύσω Il. 1.29, cf. 114, 495; οὐ φθίνει Κροίσου φιλόφρων ἀρετά Pi. P. 1.94; ἔνθα κεν οὔ τιν’ ἀδάκρυτόν γ’ ἐνόησας Ἀργείων Od. 24.61; οὔ κεν.. ἔπαξε Pi. N. 7.25; οὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε Il. 8.369.

3. with subj. in fut. sense, only in , οὐ γάρ τίς με βίῃ γε ἑκὼν ἀέκοντα δίηται 7.197; οὐκ ἄν τοι χραίς μῃ κίθαρις 3.54, cf. 11.387.

4. with opt. in potential sense (without ἄν or κεν), also , ὃ οὐ δύο γ’ ἄνδρε φέροιεν 5.303, 20.286.

5. with opt. and ἄν, κείνοισι δ’ ἂν οὔ τις.. μαχέοιτο 1.271, cf. 301, 2.250, Hdt. 6.63, A. Pr. 979, S. Aj. 155 (anap.), E. IA 310, Ar. Ach. 403, etc.

6. in dependent clauses οὐ is used, with ὅτι or ὡς, after Verbs of saying, knowing, and showing, ἐκ μέν τοι ἐρέω.. ὡς ἐγὼ οὔ τι ἑκὼν κατερύκομαι Od. 4.377, cf. S. El. 561, D. 2.8, etc.: so with ind. or opt. and ἄν, ἀπελογοῦντο ὡς οὐκ ἄν ποτε οὕτω μωροὶ ἦσαν X. HG 5.4.22, cf. Pl. R. 330a; ὡς δὲ οὐκ ἂν δικαίως αὐτοὺς δέχοισθε μαθεῖν χρή Th. 1.40, cf. X. Cyr. 1.1.3, etc.: with opt. representing ind. in orat. obliq., ἔλεξε παιδὶ σῷ.. ὡς.. Ἕλληνες οὐ μενοῖεν A. Pers. 358, cf. S. Ph. 346, Th. 1.38, X. HG 6.1.1, Pl. Rev 22:1-21 b, etc.: for μή in such sentences, v. μή B. 3. in all causal sentences, and in temporal and Relat. sentences unless there is conditional or final meaning, χωσαμένη, ὅ οἱ οὔ τι θαλύσια.. ῥέξε Il. 9.534; ἄχθεται ὅτι οὐ κάρτα θεραπεύεται Hdt. 3.80; διότι οὐκ ἦσαν δίκαι, οὐ δυνατοὶ ἦμεν παρ’ αὐτῶν ἃ ὤφειλον πράξασθαι Lys. 17.3; μή με κτεῖν’, ἐπεὶ οὐχ ὁμογάστριος Ἕκτορός εἰμι Il. 21.95, etc.; νῦν δὲ ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἐθέλεις.., εἶμι Pl. Prt. 335c; ἐπειδὴ τὸ χωρίον οὐχ ἡλίσκετο Th. 1.102; νηπιάχοις οἷς οὔ τι μέλει πολεμήϊα ἔργα Il. 2.338, etc.: in causal relative sentences, οἵτινές σε οὐχὶ ἐσώσαμεν Pl. Cri. 46a; esp. in the combinations, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις οὐ.., as οὐκ ἔστ’ ἐραστὴς ὅστις οὐκ ἀεὶ φιλεῖ E. Tr. 1051, cf. Hec. 298; οὔτις ἔσθ’ ὃς οὔ S. Aj. 725; οὐδείς ἐστιν ὅστις οὐ.. Isoc. 15.180. after ὥστε with ind. or opt. with ἄν, ὥστ’ οὐ δυνατόν σ’ εἵργειν ἔσται Ar. V. 384, cf. S. Aj. 98, OT 411; οὕτως αὐτοὺς ἀγαπῶμεν.. ὥστε.. οὐκ ἂν ἐθελήσαιμεν Isoc. 8.45; οὐκ ἂν ὡρκίζομεν αὐτὸν ὥστε τῆς εἰρήνης ἂν διημαρτήκει καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἀμφότερ’ εἶχε D. 18.30: ὥστε οὐ with inf. is almost invariably due to orat. obliq., ὥστ’ οὐκ αἰσχύνεσθαι (for οὐκ αἰσχύνονται) Id. 19.308, cf. Th. 5.40, 8.76, Lys. 18.6, Isa 11.27 (cj. Reiske). - Rarely not in orat. obliq., S. El. 780, E. Ph. 1358, Hel. 108, D. 53.2, 9.48.

7. in a conditional clause μή is necessary, except, in Hom., when the εἰ clause precedes the apodosis and the verb is indic., εἰ δέ μοι οὐκ ἐπέεσσ’ ἐπιπείσεται Il. 15.162, cf. 178, 20.129, 24.296, Od. 2.274, Il. 4.160, Od. 12.382, 13.144 (9.410 is an exception). when the εἰ clause is really causal, as after Verbs expressing surprise or emotion, μὴ θαυμάσῃς, εἰ πολλὰ τῶν εἰρημένων οὐ πρέπει σοι Isoc. 1.44; κατοικτῖραι.., εἰ.. οὐδεὶς ἐς ἑκατοστὸν ἔτος περιέσται Hdt. 7.46, cf. S. Aj. 1242; so also δεινὸν γὰρ ἂν εἴη πρῆγμα, εἰ Σάκας μὲν καταστρεψάμενοι δούλους ἔχομεν, Ἕλληνας δὲ οὐ τιμωρησόμεθα Hdt. 7.9, cf. And. 1.102, Lys. 20.8 (prob.), D. 8.55; οὐκ αἰσχρόν, εἰ τὸ μὲν Ἀργείων πλῆθος οὐκ ἐφοβήθη τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων ἀρχήν, ὑμεῖς δ’ ὄντες Ἀθηναῖοι βάρβαρον ἄνθρωπον.. φοβήσεσθε; Id. 15.23, cf. Hdt. 5.97, Lys. 22.13. when οὐ belongs closely to the next word (v. A. I), or is quoted unchanged, εἰ, ὡς νῦν φήσει, οὐ παρεσκευάσατο D. 54.29 codd.; εἰ δ’ οὐκέτ’ ἐστί (sc. ὥσπερ λέγεις), τίνι τρόπῳ διεφθάρη; E. Ion 347.

8. οὐ is used with inf. in orat. obliq., when it represents the ind. of orat. recta, φαμὲν δέ οἱ οὐ τελέεσθαι Od. 4.664, cf. Il. 17.174, 21.316, S. Ph. 1389, etc.; λέγοντες οὐκ εἶναι αὐτόνομοι Th. 1.67, cf. Pl. R. 348c, X. Cyr. 1.6.18; οἶμαι.. οὐκ ὀλίγον ἔργον αὐτὸ εἶναι Pl. R. 369b, cf. S. OT 1051, Th. 1.71, etc.; ἡγήσαντο ἡμᾶς οὐ περιόψεσθαι ib. 39. (For the occasional use of μή, v. μή B. 5c; sts. we have οὐ and μή in consecutive clauses, οἶμαι σοῦ κάκιον οὐδὲν ἂν τούτων κρατύνειν μηδ’ ἐπιθύνειν χερί S. Ph. 1058s q.; αὐτὸ ἡγοῦμαι οὐ διδακτὸν εἶναι μηδὲ.. παρασκευαστόν Pl. Prt. 319b.)

9. οὐ is used with the part., when it can be resolved into a finite sentence with οὐ, as after Verbs of knowing and showing, τὸν κατθανόνθ’ ὁρῶντες οὐ τιμώμενον E. Hec. 316; κατενόησαν οὐ πολλοὺς τοὺς Θηβαίους ὄντας Th. 2. 3; ἔργῳ δηλώσω οὐ παραγενόμενος Antipho 2.4.8, etc.; or into a causal sentence, τῶν βαρβάρων οἱ πολλοὶ ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ διεφθάρησαν νέειν οὐκ ἐπιστάμενοι Hdt. 8.89; τὴν Μένδην πόλιν ἅτε οὐκ ἀπὸ ξυμβάσεως ἀνοιχθεῖσαν διήρπασαν Th. 4.130; or into a concessive sentence, δόξω γυναῖκα καίπερ οὐκ ἔχων ἔχειν E. Alc. 352, cf. S. Ph. 377, etc.: regularly with ὡς and part., ὡς οὐχὶ συνδράσουσα νουθετεῖς τάδε Id. El. 1025, etc.; ἐθορυβεῖτε ὡς οὐ ποιήσοντες ταῦτα Lys. 12.73, cf. S. Ph. 884, Aj. 682, Hdt. 7.99, Th. 1.2, 5, 28, 68, 90; ὥσπερ οὐ πάντας τούτῳ τῷ τεκμηρίῳ χρωμένους Lycurg. 90, cf. Th. 8.1, Isoc. 4.11: - for exceptions, v. μή B. 6. when the part. is used with the Art., μή is generally used, unless there is a distinct reference to a fact, when οὐ is occasionally found, ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς οὐκ οὔσης ἔτι [πόλεως] ὁρμώμενοι Th. 1.74; τοὺς ἐν τῇ πόλει οὐδὲν εἰδότας Id. 4.111; οἱ οὐκ ἐθέλοντες Antipho 6.26; τῶν οὐ βουλομένων And. 1.9; τοὺς οὐδὲν ἀδικοῦντας ἀκρίτους ἀπέκτειναν Lys. 12.82, cf. τὸν οὐδὲ συμπενθῆσαι τὰς τῆς πατρίδος συμφορὰς τολμήσαντα (preceded by τὸν.. μήτε ὅπλα θέμενον ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος μήτε τὸ σῶμα παρασχόντα κτλ.) Lycurg. 43; τὸ οὐχ εὑρημένον Pl. R. 427e.

10. Adjectives and abstract Substantives with the article commonly take μή (v. μή B. 7) but οὐ is occasionally used, τὰς οὐκ ἀναγκαίας πόσεις X. Lac. 5.4; τοὺς οὐδένας E. IA 371; τὸν οὐδέν Id. Ph. 598 (whereas ὁ μηδείς, τὸ μηδέν is the rule); τὴν τῶν γεφυρῶν οὐ διάλυσιν the non - dissolution of the bridges, the fact of their not being broken up, Th. 1.137; ἡ οὐ περιτείχισις Id. 3.95; ἡ τῶν χωρίων οὐκ ἀπόδοσις Id. 5.35, cf. E. Hipp. 196 (anap.); so without the article, ἐν οὐ καιπῷ Id. Ba. 1287; οὐ πάλης ὕπο ib. 455.

11. for οὐ μή, v. sub voc.

12. in questions οὐ ordinarily expects a positive answer, οὔ νυ καὶ ἄλλοι ἔασι..; Il. 10.165; οὐχ ὁράᾳς..; dost thou not see? Od. 17.545; οὐκ.. ᾐσθόμην; A. Pr. 956: so as a strong form of imper., οὐκ ἀπαλλάξει; E. Ion 524; οὐκ ἀποκτενεῖτε τὸν μιαρὸν τοῦτον ἄνθρωπον; Din. 1.18; οὐκ εἶ καταπιὼν Εὐριπίδην; Ar. Ach. 484; βάλλε, βάλλε folld. by οὐ βαλεῖς; οὐ βαλεῖς; ib. 281 and 283, cf. S. Ant. 885: also with opt. and ἄν, οὐκ ἂν δὴ τόνδ’ ἄνδρα μάχης ἐρύσαιο (= ἔρυσαι); Il. 5.456; οὐκ ἂν φράσειας (= φράσον); S. Ph. 1222; but in questions introduced by οὐ δή, οὐ δή του, οὔ που, οὔ τί που, a doubt is implied of the statement involved, and an appeal is made to the hearers, οὐ δή ποθ’ ἡμῖν ξυγγενὴς ἥκεις ποθέν; surely you are not..? Id. El. 1202, cf. Ph. 900; οὔ τί που οὗτος Ἀπόλλων..; Pi. P. 4.87, cf. S. Ph. 1233, E. IA 670, Hel. 135, Ion 1113, Ar. Ra. 522, 526.

POSITION. οὐ is generally put immediately before the word which it negatives, οὐκ ἐκεῖνον ἐθεώμην. - ἀλλὰ τίνα μήν ; ἔφη ὁ Τιγράνης X. Cyr. 3.1.41; οὐχ αἱ τρίχες ποιοῦσιν αἱ λευκαὶ φρονεῖν Men. 639; οὐ διὰ τὸ μὴ ἀκοντίζειν οὐκ ἔβαλον αὐτὸν ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ μηδενὶ ὑπὸ τὸ ἀκόντιον ὑπελθεῖν Antipho 3.4.6: in Poetry the position is freq. more free, κίνδυνος ἄναλκιν οὐ φῶτα λαμβάνει Pi. O. 1.81; οὐ ψεύδεϊ τέγξω λόγον ib. 4.19; κατακρύπτει δ’ οὐ κόνις ib. 8.79; χρὴ πρὸς θεὸν οὐκ ἐρίζειν Id. P. 2.88: sts. emphatically at the end of the clause, καὶ τοὶ γὰρ αἰθοίσας ἔχοντες σπέρμ’ ἀνέβαν φλογὸς οὔ Id. O. 7.48; ταρβήσει γὰρ οὔ S. Aj. 545: in clauses opposed by μέν and δέ the οὐ (or μή) is freq. placed at the end, βούλονται μέν, δύνανται δ’ οὔ Th. 6.38; οὗτος δ’ ἦν καλὸς μέν, μέγας δ’ οὔ X. An. 4.4.3; ἔδοξέ μοι ὁ ἀνὴρ δοκεῖν μὲν εἶναι σοφὸς.., εἶναι δ’ οὔ Pl. Rev 21:1-27 c; so τὸ Πέρσας μὲν λέληθε, ἡμέας μέντοι οὔ Hdt. 1.139: freq. with ὁ μὲν.. ὁ δέ, οὐ πάσας χρὴ τὰς δόξας τιμᾶν, ἀλλὰ τὰς μέν, τὰς δ’ οὔ Pl. Cri. 47a, cf. Ap. 24e, R. 475b, etc.; Λέριοι κακοί, οὐχ ὁ μέν, ὃς δ’ οὔ Phoc. 1: sts. in the first clause after μέν, οἱ δὲ στρατηγοὶ ἐξῆγον μὲν οὔ, συνεκάλεσαν δέ X. An. 6.4.20, cf. 4.8.2, Cyr. 1.4.10, Pl. Phd. 73b; κατώρα πᾶν μὲν οὒ τὸ στρατόπεδον Hdt. 7.208.

ACCUMULATION.

1 A simple neg. (οὐ or μή) is freq. repeated in composition with Prons., Advbs., or Conjs., as οὐδείς or μηδείς, οὐδέ or μηδέ, οὐδαμῶς or μηδαμῶς, first in Hom., οὔ μιν ὁΐομαιοὐδὲ πεπύσθαι λυγρῆς ἀγγελίης Il. 17.641; ἀλλ’ οὔ μοι Τρώων τόσσον μέλει ἄλγος ὀπίσσω οὔτ’ αὐτῆς Ἑκάβης οὔτε Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος 6.450; οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδὲν κρεῖσσον οἰκείου φίλου E. Andr. 986: the first neg. may be a compd., καθεύδων οὐδεὶς οὐδενὸς ἄξιος οὐδὲν μᾶλλον τοῦ μὴ ζῶντος Pl. Lg. 808b; οὐδενὶ οὐδαμῇ οὐδαμῶς οὐδεμίαν κοινωνίαν ἔχει Id. Prm. 166a (similarly with μή, Phdr. 236e): or a neg. Adj., ἀδύνατος οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν λέγειν μάτην E. Andr. 746; οὐ follows the compd. neg., οὐδ’ εἰ πάντες ἔλθοιεν Πέρσαι, πλήθει γε οὐχ ὑπερβαλοίμεθ’ ἂν τοὺς πολεμίους X. Cyr. 2.1.8; οὐδ’ ἂν ἡ πόλις ἄρα (ὅπερ ἄρτι ἐλέγομεν) ὅλη τοιοῦτον ποιῇ, οὐκ ἐπαινέσῃ Pl. R. 426b, cf. Smp. 204a: sts. a confirmative Particle accompanies the first οὐ or οὐδέ, and the neg. is repeated with emphasis, οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδέ μ’ ἔασκες Il. 19.295; οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ Δρύαντος υἱὸς.. δὴν ἧν 6.130, v. οὐδέ C. 11; οὐ μέντοι οὐδὲ αὖ ὡς σύ μοι δοκεῖς οἴεσθαι Pl. Prt. 332a: so also in Trag. and Att. without any such Particle, οὐ σμικρός, οὔχ, ἁγὼν ὅδε not small, no, is this struggle, S. OC 587; θεοῖς τέθνηκεν οὗτος, οὐ κείνοισιν, οὔ Id. Aj. 970, cf. Ar. Ra. 28, 1308, X. Smp. 2.4, Pl. R. 390c.

2. when the compd. neg. precedes and the simple neg. follows with the Verb, the opposing negs. produce an emphatic positive, οὐδεὶς ἀνθρώπων ἀδικῶν τίσιν οὐκ ἀποτείσει Orac. ap. Hdt. 5.56; γλώσσης κρυφαῖον οὐδὲν οὐ διέρχεται S. Fr. 935 (but prob. f.l.); οὐδεὶς οὐκ ἔπασχέ τι X. Smp. 1.9.

3. similarly each of two simple negs. may retain its negating force, ὥσπερ οὐ διὰ πρᾳότητα καὶ ἀσχολίαν τὴν ὑμετέραν οὐ δεδωκὼς ὑμῖν δίκην Lys. 6.34; ἐγὼ δ’ οὐκ οἶμαι.. οὐ δεῖν ὑμᾶς ἀμύνεσθαι Id. 13.52 (similarly with μή, D. 19.77): sts. a combination of a μέν -clause with a δέ -clause containing οὐ is negatived as a whole by a preceding οὐ, e.g. οὐ γὰρ δήπου Κτησιφῶντα μὲν δύναται διώκειν δι’ ἐμέ, ἐμὲ δέ, εἴπερ ἐξελέγξειν ἐνόμιζεν, αὐτὸν οὐκ ἂν ἐγράψατο Id. 18.13.

PLEONASM OF οὐ: after Verbs of denying, doubting, and disputing, folld. by ὡς or ὅτι with a finite Verb, οὐ is inserted to show the neg. character of the statement, where in Engl. the neg. is not required, ὡς μὲν οὐκ ἀληθῆ ταῦτ’ ἐστὶν οὐκ ἔχετ’ ἀντιλέγειν D. 8.31, cf. Th. 1.77, X. HG 2.3.16, Smp. 2.12, Isoc. 5.57, etc.; οὐδεὶς ἂν τολμήσειεν ἀντειπεῖν ὡς οὐ τὴν μὲν ἐμπειρίαν μᾶλλον τῶν ἄλλων ἔχομεν Id. 6.48, cf. And. 4.34, D. 16.4, etc.; οὐκ ἂν ἀρνηθεῖεν ἔνιοι ὡς οὐκ εἰσὶ τοιοῦτοι Id. 9.54; ἀρνεῖσθαι ὅτι οὐ παρῆν X. Ath. 2.17; οὐδ’ αὐτὸς ὁ Λάμπις ἔξαρνος ἐγένετο

οὐ ou 1,623x

    negative adverb, originally the gen. of ὅς, spelled οὐκ if followed by a word beginning with a vowel and a smooth breathing, οὐχ if followed by a vowel and rough breathing, not, no, Mat 5:37; Mat 12:43; Mat 23:37; for the peculiarities of its usage (especially as distinct from μή) consult a grammar

G3756 — οὐ

before a consonant, οὐκ before a vowel with a smooth breathing, and οὐχ before an aspirated vowel; but sometimes in the best manuscripts οὐχ occurs even before a smooth breathing; accordingly, L T WH marginal reading have adopted οὐχ ἰδού, Act 2:7; L T οὐχ Ἰουδαϊκῶς, Gal 2:14 (see WH, Introduction, § 409); L οὐχ ὀλίγος, Act 19:23; οὐχ ἠγάπησαν, Rev 12:11; and contrariwise οὐκ before an aspirate, as οὐκ ἕστηκεν, Joh 8:44 T; (οὐκ ἕνεκεν, 2Co 7:12 T); (οὐκ εὗρον, Luk 24:3; (οὐκ ὑπάρχει, Act 3:6) in manuscript א (also C*; cf. the Alex. manuscript in 1 Esdr. 4:2, 12; Job 19:16; Job 38:11, Job 38:26)); cf. Winers Grammar, § 5, 1 d. 14; Buttmann, 7; (A. V. Schütz, Hist. Alphab. Art., Berol. 1875, pp. 54-58; Sophocles, Hist. of Greek Alphab., 1st edition 1848, p. 64f (on the breathing); Tdf., the Sept., edition 4, Proleg., pp. xxxiii. xxxiv.; Scrivener, Collation etc., 2nd edition, p. 55: no. 9; id. manuscript Bezae, p. xlvii. no. 11 (cf. p. xiii. no. 5); Kuenen and Cobet, N. T. etc., p. 87f; Tdf. Proleg., p. 90f; WH. Introductory §§ 405ff, and Appendix, p. 143f); the Sept. for לֹא, אַיִן, אֵין; a particle of negation, not (how it differs from μή has been explained in μή, at the beginning); it is used:

1. absolutely and accented, οὐ, nay, no (Winer's Grammar, 476 (444)): in answers, ὁ δέ φησίν. οὐ, Mat 13:29; ἀπεκρίθη. Οὐ, Joh 1:21; (), cf. 7:12; repeated, οὐ οὐ, it strengthens the negation, nay, nay, by no means, Mat 5:37; ἤτω ὑμῶν τό οὐ οὐ, let your denial be truthful, Jam 5:12; on 2Co 1:17-19, see ναί.

2. It is joined to other words — to a finite verb, simply to deny that what is declared in the verb applies to the subject of the sentence: Mat 1:25 (οὐκ ἐγίνωσκεν αὐτήν); Mar 3:25; Luk 6:43; Joh 10:28; Act 7:5; Rom 1:16, and times without number. It has the same force when conjoined to participles: ὡς οὐκ ἀέρα δέρων, 1Co 9:26; οὐκ ὄντος αὐτῷ τέκνου, at the time when he had no child, Act 7:5 (μή ὄντος would be, although he had no child); add, Rom 8:20; 1Co 4:14; 2Co 4:8; Gal 4:8, Gal 4:27; Col 2:19; Phi 3:3; Heb 11:35; 1Pe 1:8; ὁ... οὐκ ὤν ποιμήν, Joh 10:12 (where according to classical usage μή must have been employed, because such a person is imagined as is not a shepherd; (cf. Buttmann, 351 (301) and μή, I. 5 b.)). in relative sentences: εἰσιν... τινες οἱ οὐ πιστεύουσιν, Joh 6:64; add, Mat 10:38; Mat 12:2; Luk 6:2; Rom 15:21; Gal 3:10, etc.; οὐκ ἐστιν ὅς and οὐδέν ἐστιν ὁ followed by a future: Mat 10:26; Luk 8:17; Luk 12:2; τίς ἐστιν, ὅς οὐ followed by a present indicative: Act 19:35; Heb 12:7; cf. Winers Grammar, 481 (448); Buttmann, 355 (305); in statements introduced by ὅτι after verbs of understanding, perceiving, saying, etc.: Joh 5:42; Joh 8:55, etc.; ὅτι οὐκ (where οὐκ is pleonastic) after ἀρνεῖσθαι, 1Jo 2:22; cf. Buttmann, § 148, 13; (Winer's Grammar, § 65, 2 β.); — to an infinitive, where μή might have been expected: τίς ἔτι χρεία κατά τήν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ ἕτερον ἀνίστασθαι ἱερέα καί οὐ κατά τήν τάξιν Ἀαρών λέγεσθαι, Heb 7:11 (where the difficulty is hardly removed by saying (e. g. with Winer's Grammar, 482 (449)) that οὐ belongs only to κατά τήν τάξιν Ἀαρών, not to the infinitive). it serves to deny other parts of statements: οὐκ ἐν σοφία λόγου, 1Co 1:17; οὐ μέλανι, οὐκ ἐν πλαξί λιθίναις, 2Co 3:3, and many other examples; — to deny the object, ἔλεος (R G ἔλεον) θέλω, οὐ θυσίαν, Mat 9:13; Mat 12:7; οὐκ ἐμέ δέχεται, Mar 9:37. It blends with the term to which it is prefixed into a single and that an affirmative idea (Winers Grammar, 476 (444); cf. Buttmann, 347 (298)); as, οὐκ ἐάω, to present, hinder, Act 16:7; Act 19:30 (cf., on this phrase, Herm. ad Vig., p. 887f); οὐκ ἔχω, to be poor, Mat 13:12; Mar 4:25 (see ἔχω, I. 2 a., p. 266{b}); τά οὐκ ἀνήκοντα (or ἅ οὐκ ἀνῆκεν, L T Tr WH), unseemly, dishonorable, Eph 5:4 (see μή, I. 5 d. at the end, p. 410a; (cf. Buttmann, § 148, 7{a}.; Winer's Grammar, 486 (452))); often so as to form a litotes; as, οὐκ ἀγνοέω, to know well, 2Co 2:11 (Wis. 12:10); οὐκ ὀλίγοι, not a few, i. e. very many, Act 17:4, Act 17:12; Act 19:23; Act 15:2; Act 14:28; Act 27:20; οὐ πολλαί ἡμέραι, a few days, Luk 15:13; Joh 2:12; Act 1:5; οὐ πολύ, Act 27:14; οὐ μετρίως, Act 20:12; οὐκ ἄσημος, not undistinguished (A. V. no mean etc.), Act 21:39; οὐκ ἐκ μέτρου, Joh 3:34. it serves to limit the term to which it is joined: οὐ πάντως, not altogether, not entirely (see πάντως, c. β.); οὐ πᾶς, not any and every one, Mat 7:21; plural, οὐ πάντες, not all, Mat 19:11; Rom 9:6; Rom 10:16; οὐ πᾶσα σάρξ, not every kind of flesh, 1Co 15:39; οὐ παντί τῷ λαῷ, not to all the people, Act 10:41; on the other hand, when οὐ is joined to the verb, πᾶς... οὐ must be rendered no one, no (as in Hebrew, now כָּל... לֹא, now לֹא... כָּל; cf. Winer, Lex. Hebrew et Chald., p. 513f): Luk 1:31; Eph 5:5; 1Jo 2:21; Rev 22:3; πᾶσα σάρξ... οὐ with a verb, no flesh, no mortal, Mat 24:22; Mar 13:20; Rom 3:20; Gal 2:16; cf. Winers Grammar, § 26, 1; (Buttmann, 121 (106)). Joined to a noun it denies and annuls the idea of the noun; as, τόν οὐ λαόν, a people that is not a people (German einNichtvolk, a no-people), Rom 9:25, cf. 1Pe 2:10; ἐπ' οὐκ ἔθνει (R. V. with that which is no nation), Rom 10:19 (so עָם לֹא; אֵל לֹא, a no-god, Deu 32:21; עֵץ לֹא, a not-wood, Isa 10:15; οὐκ ἀρχιερεύς, 2 Macc. 4:13; ἡ οὐ διάλυσις, Thucydides 1, 137, 4; ἡ οὐ περιτείχισις 3, 95, 2; ἡ οὐκ ἐξουσία 5, 50, 3; δἰ ἀπειροσυναν... κουκ ἀπόδειξιν, Euripides, Hippolytus 196, and other examples in Greek writings; non sutor, Horace sat. 2, 3, 106; non corpus, Cicero, acad. 1, 39 at the end); cf. Winers Grammar, 476 (444); (Buttmann, § 148, 9); ἡ οὐκ ἠγαπημένη, Rom 9:25; οἱ οὐκ ἠλεημένοι, 1Pe 2:10.

3. followed by another negative,

a. it strengthens the negation: οὐ κρίνω οὐδένα, Joh 8:15; add, Mar 5:37; 2Co 11:9 (8); οὗ οὐκ ἦν οὐδέπω οὐδείς κείμενος, Luk 23:53 (see οὐδέπω); οὐκ... οὐδέν, nothing at all, Luk 4:2; Joh 6:63; Joh 11:49; Joh 12:19; Joh 15:5; οὐ μέλει σοι περί οὐδενός, Mat 22:16; οὐκ... οὐκέτι, Act 8:39; cf. Matthiae, § 609, 3; Kühner, ii. § 516; Winers Grammar, § 55, 9{b}; (Buttmann, § 148, 11).

b. as in Latin, it changes a negation into an affirmation (cf. Matthiae, § 609, 2; Klotz ad Devar. ii. 2, p. 695f; Winers Grammar, § 55, 9 a.; Buttmann, § 148, 12); οὐ παρά τοῦτο οὐκ ἐστιν ἐκ τοῦ σώματος, not on this account is it not of the body, i. e. it belongs to the body, does not cease to be of the body, 1Co 12:15; οὐ δυνάμεθα ἅ εἴδομεν καί ἠκούσαμεν μή λαλεῖν, we are unable not to speak (A. V. we cannot but speak), Act 4:20.

4. It is used in disjunctive statements where one thing is denied that another may be established (Winers Grammar, § 55, 8; cf. Buttmann, 356 (306)): οὐκ... ἀλλά, Luk 8:52; Luk 24:6 (WH reject the clause); Joh 1:33; Joh 7:10, Joh 7:12, Joh 7:16; Joh 8:49; Act 10:41; Rom 8:20; 1Co 15:10; 2Co 3:3; 2Co 8:5; Heb 2:16, etc.; see ἀλλά II. 1; οὐχ ἵνα... ἀλλ' ἵνα, Joh 3:17; οὐχ ἵνα... ἀλλά, Joh 6:38; οὐ μόνον... ἀλλά καί, see ἀλλά, II. 1 and μόνος, 2; οὐκ... εἰ μή, see εἰ, III. 8 c., p. 171{b}; οὐ μή with subjunctive aorist followed by εἰ μή, Rev 21:27 (see εἰ as above, β.).

5. It is joined to other particles: οὐ μή, not at all, by no means, surely not, in no wise, see μή, IV.; οὐ μηκέτι with aorist subjunctive Mat 21:19 L T Tr marginal reading WH. μή οὐ, where μή is interrogative (Latinnum) and οὐ negative (cf. Buttmann, 248 (214), 354 (304); Winer's Grammar, 511 (476)): Rom 10:18; 1Co 9:4; 1Co 11:22. εἰ οὐ, see εἰ, III. 11, p. 172a. οὐ γάρ (see γάρ, I., p. 109b), Act 16:37.

6. As in Hebrew לֹא with imperfect, so in Biblical Greek οὐ with 2 person future is used in emphatic prohibition (in secular authors it is milder; cf. Winers Grammar, § 43, 5 c.; also 501f (467f); (Buttmann, § 139, 64); Fritzsche on Matthew, p. 259f (cf. p. 252f) thinks otherwise, but not correctly): Mat 6:5; and besides in the moral precepts of the O. T., Mat 4:7; Mat 19:18; Luk 4:12; Act 23:5; Rom 7:7; Rom 13:9.

7. οὐ is used interrogatively — when an affirmative answer is expected (Latinnonne; (Winers Grammar, § 57, 3{a}; Buttmann, 247 (213))): Mat 6:26, Mat 6:30; Mat 17:24; Mar 4:21; Mar 12:24; Luk 11:40; Joh 4:35; Joh 7:25; Act 9:21; Rom 9:21; 1Co 9:1, 1Co 9:6f, 12; Jam 2:4, and often; οὐκ οἴδατε κτλ.; and the like, see εἰδῶ, II. 1, p. 174{a}; ἀλλ' οὐ, Heb 3:16 (see ἀλλά, I. 10, p. 28{a}); οὐκ ἀποκρίνῃ οὐδέν; answerest thou nothing at all? Mar 14:60; Mar 15:4; — where an exclamation of reproach or wonder, which denies directly, may take the place of a negative question: Mar 4:13, Mar 4:38; Luk 17:18; Act 13:10 (cf. Buttmann, § 139, 65); (on which see ἄρα, 1); cf. Winer's Grammar, as above; οὐ μή πίω αὐτό; shall I not drink it? Joh 18:11; cf. Winers Grammar, p. 512 (477); (cf. Buttmann, § 139, 2).

G3756 — οὐχ

οὐ ,

before a vowel with smooth breathing οὐκ , before one with rough breathing οὐχ (but improperly οὐχ ἰδού , Act 2:7, WH , mg .; cf. WH , Intr., § 409; M , Pr., 44, 244),

[in LXX for H3808, H369;]

neg . particle, not, no, used generally c . indic . and for a denial of fact ( cf. μή );

1. absol. (accented), οὔ , no: Mat 13:29, Joh 1:21; Joh 21:5; οὒ οὔ , Mat 5:37, Jas 5:12.

2. Most freq . negativing a verb or other word, Mat 1:25; Mat 10:26; Mat 10:38 Mar 3:25; Mar 9:37, Joh 8:29, Act 7:5, Rom 1:16, Php 3:3, al. ; in litotes, οὐκ ὀλίγοι ( i.e . very many), Act 17:4, al. ; οὐκ ἄσημος , Act 21:39; πᾶς . . . οὐ , c . verb. (like Heb . H3808. . . H3605), no, none, Mat 24:22, Mar 13:20, Luk 1:37, Eph 5:5, al. ; in disjunctive statements, οὐκ . . . ἀλλά , Luk 8:52, Joh 1:33, Rom 8:20, al. ; c . 2 pers . fut . (like Heb . H3808, c . impf .), as emhatic prohibition, Mat 4:7, Luk 4:12, Rom 7:7, al.

3. With another negative,

(a) strengthening the negation: Mar 5:37, Joh 8:15; Joh 12:19, Act 8:39, al. ;

(b) making an affirmative: Act 4:20 , 1Co 12:15.

4. With other particles: o ὐ μή ( see μή ); o ὐ μηκέτι , Mat 21:19; with μή interrog., Rom 10:18, 1Co 9:4-5 ; 1Co 11:22.

5. Interrogative, expecting an affirmative answer (Lat. nonne): Mat 6:26, Mar 4:21, Luk 11:40, Joh 4:35, Rom 9:21, al.

οὐχ , see οὐ .

詞類次數：副詞（G1453（ἐγείρω））

原文字根：不 相當於：H3808（הֲלֹא‎ / לֹא‎ / לֹה‎）

字義溯源：否*，不，不是，就不能，不能，決（不能），就不，絕（不），斷（不），不可，不可以，不要，不會，不然，不再，不以，不必，豈，豈不，豈不是，既不，都不，還不，也不，也不是，並不，卻不，沒，沒有，都沒有，就沒，倘，未，未曾，無，並非，非；（否定詞：確定的、實在的、絕對的、事實上的否定。）。比較：G3361（μή / μήγε / μήπου）=否定*，不

同源字：1）G3364（οὐ / μή）必不 2）G3378（μή / οὐ）是否 3）G3756（οὐ）否，不 4）G3760（οὐδαμῶς）決不 5）G3761（οὐδέ）然而不 6）G3762（οὐδείς / οὐθείς）毫無 7）G3763（οὐδέποτε）從來沒有 8）G3764（οὐδέπω）仍尚未 9）G3765（οὐκέτι）尚未，不再 10）G3766（οὐκοῦν）要不然，那麼 11）G3768（οὔπω）尚未 12）G3777（οὔτε）亦不 13）G3780（οὐχί）果然不是

出現次數：總共（1633）；太（201）；可（126）；路（176）；約（284）；徒（110）；羅（124）；林前（154）；林後（97）；加（38）；弗（11）；腓（12）；西（8）；帖前（18）；帖後（8）；提前（10）；提後（12）；多（1）；來（66）；雅（27）；彼前（14）；彼後（12）；約壹（48）；約貳（5）；約叄（4）；猶（2）；啓（65）

譯字彙編：

1）不（802）數量太多，不能盡錄；

2）不是（184）數量太多，不能盡錄；

3）沒有（140）數量太多，不能盡錄；

4）沒（92）太8:20；太13:12；太13:21；太13:57；太15:32；太24:21；可4:5；可4:17；可4:25；可4:40；可8:2；可8:14；可8:16；可8:17；可12:32；路1:7；路1:33；路2:7；路6:43；路8:13；路9:58；路11:6；路12:17；路14:14；路23:51；約2:3；約4:17；約4:17；約5:7；約5:38；約5:42；約6:22；約7:18；約9:41；約11:10；約13:8；約13:10；約15:22；約15:24；約19:11；約19:15；約20:24；徒3:6；徒25:26；徒26:19；羅3:10；羅3:11；羅3:11；羅3:12；羅3:18；羅4:15；羅7:18；羅8:9；羅9:21；羅10:12；羅13:1；林前7:25；林前9:6；林前11:16；林前11:22；林前12:24；林前15:12；林前15:13；林前16:12；林後2:13；林後8:12；加3:28；加3:28；加3:28；加5:23；腓2:16；西3:25；帖前5:1；帖後3:9；來4:13；來5:4；來13:9；來13:10；雅1:17；約壹1:8；約壹3:5；約壹3:15；約壹4:18；約叄1:4；啓9:4；啓14:11；啓16:18；啓17:8；啓17:8；啓17:11；啓20:6；啓21:25；

5）決（47）太25:9；路6:37；路6:37；路12:59；路13:35；路21:18；路21:32；路21:33；路22:16；路22:18；路22:67；約4:14；約6:35；約6:35；約6:37；約8:12；約8:51；約8:52；約10:5；約10:28；約11:26；約13:8；約16:7；約20:25；徒4:12；徒28:26；徒28:26；羅4:8；來8:11；來8:12；來10:17；來13:5；來13:5；彼前2:6；彼後1:10；啓2:11；啓3:3；啓3:5；啓3:12；啓9:6；啓18:7；啓18:21；啓18:22；啓18:22；啓18:22；啓18:23；啓18:23；

6）不能（34）太7:21；太10:24；太10:29；太12:43；太16:18；太26:60；可13:31；可14:29；路6:44；路10:42；路12:33；路21:9；約8:35；約10:28；約13:16；約15:20；徒22:11；羅6:14；林前1:21；林前4:4；林前6:9；林前7:9；林前8:8；林前14:17；林後3:10；加2:16；加3:17；弗5:5；提後4:3；來9:5；來12:25；雅4:2；雅4:2；約壹5:18；

7）就不（28）可2:19；可4:34；可6:26；可7:3；路7:45；路14:26；路14:33；約3:3；約3:5；約8:45；約12:42；約14:24；約15:4；約19:33；徒15:1；徒17:24；羅8:24；羅10:3；林前11:31；林前15:36；林後4:1；約壹3:6；約壹3:9；約壹3:9；約壹3:10；約壹4:6；約壹4:8；約壹5:18；

8）絕（25）太5:18；太5:20；太10:42；太15:6；太16:22；太23:39；太24:2；太24:21；太24:34；太24:35；太26:29；太26:35；可3:27；可9:41；可13:2；可13:19；可13:30；可14:25；可14:31；可16:18；路1:15；徒13:41；林前8:13；加5:16；帖前5:3；

9）未（23）可9:38；路20:31；路22:34；約1:31；約1:33；約4:38；約8:55；約16:3；羅3:17；羅10:14；羅10:14；林前2:9；林前2:9；林前2:9；加1:16；來11:1；約壹3:1；約壹3:6；約壹4:18；約叄1:11；啓3:4；啓14:4；啓21:22；

10）豈不（22）太6:30；太15:17；太18:33；可7:18；路2:49；約4:35；約8:48；約10:34；約18:26；約19:10；羅6:16；林前3:4；林前3:16；林前5:6；林前6:3；林前6:15；林前9:12；林前9:13；林前9:24；林前10:18；林前14:23；雅4:4；

11）不可（22）太4:7；太5:21；太5:27；太5:33；太19:18；太19:18；太19:18；太19:18；太20:26；路4:12；路22:26；徒23:5；羅2:22；羅7:7；羅13:9；羅13:9；羅13:9；羅13:9；羅13:9；林前9:9；加6:7；提前5:18；

12）也不（13）太3:11；可7:4；可14:61；路19:44；約6:7；約9:21；約10:12；約19:36；徒19:40；徒25:11；林後7:14；來2:11；彼後2:10；

13）並不（12）太19:8；太22:32；約3:28；羅9:1；羅11:25；林前11:20；加1:7；西3:11；提前2:7；雅1:20；彼後2:3；彼後3:9；

14）未曾（9）路23:29；路23:29；約9:32；約17:25；羅11:4；羅15:21；羅15:21；加4:27；啓9:20；

15）無（9）路16:3；約3:34；約10:10；約14:30；徒8:21；林前10:13；林後12:1；來4:2；約壹1:5；

16）不⋯麼（9）太13:55；可8:18；可8:18；可8:18；路10:40；路11:40；路13:16；約3:10；約7:25；

17）豈不是（8）可12:24；約7:19；雅2:4；雅2:5；雅2:6；雅2:7；雅2:21；雅4:1；

18）斷（8）太5:26；太18:3；可10:15；路10:19；路18:13；路18:17；加4:30；帖前4:15；

19）卻不（7）太15:20；太23:4；太25:3；可4:27；羅1:21；林後7:8；提後2:9；

20）並非（7）徒2:15；林後2:11；林後5:4；林後10:14；林後13:7；來4:15；來6:10；

21）非（6）徒19:11；徒21:38；徒28:2；徒28:19；林前9:15；林後1:17；

22）不至（4）約11:9；羅5:5；林後4:8；林後4:9；

23）尚（4）太16:28；路9:27；路23:53；約13:38；

24）不必（4）太13:29；林前7:15；來4:8；來8:7；

25）也不是（3）林前6:10；弗2:9；來9:11；

26）就不能（3）太6:1；太12:24；提後2:5；

27）既不（3）太6:28；太25:45；徒9:9；

28）都不（3）可12:14；弗5:4；約壹2:16；

29）總（3）路22:68；啓21:25；啓21:27；

30）就沒（3）約6:53；約壹5:12；約貳1:9；

31）還不（3）徒13:10；羅2:21；羅5:16；

32）不要（3）太26:39；可14:36；約壹3:12；

33）不再（2）約16:17；約16:19；

34）卻沒有（2）約21:11；林後11:9；

35）豈能（2）林前12:15；林前12:16；

36）非的（2）林後1:18；林後1:19；

37）不是⋯嗎（2）太7:22；可4:21；

38）豈（2）約11:56；約壹4:20；

39）豈不是⋯麼（2）可11:17；約7:42；

40）而不（2）太13:13；太13:13；

41）豈不⋯麼（2）太20:15；約11:37；

42）不會（2）太12:7；林前2:8；

43）不以（2）加2:6；提後1:16；

44）豈⋯麼（2）路18:7；約11:49；

45）還（2）太10:23；可9:1；

46）都不⋯麼（2）可14:60；可15:4；

47）卻（2）太13:14；太13:14；

48）不可以（2）可12:14；路20:22；

49）不然（2）可10:27；約7:12；

50）並不是（2）林前5:10；彼後1:16；

51）否（2）太22:17；路14:3；

52）“不是”（1）雅5:12；

53）豈不要（1）來12:9；

54）卻仍未（1）來11:39；

55）決不（1）來7:21；

56）不肯（1）來11:35；

57）不得（1）來4:6；

58）必不能（1）加5:21；

59）也並不（1）來11:16；

60）而不能用（1）來5:12；

61）不是⋯麼（1）太24:2；

62）不⋯嗎（1）可4:38；

63）豈沒有（1）加4:21；

64）難道⋯不（1）路13:15；

65）豈不⋯呢（1）路15:4；

66）沒⋯麼（1）路17:18；

67）還沒有（1）啓20:5；

68）不將（1）啓2:24；

69）既不至（1）彼後1:8；

70）不在於（1）彼前3:21；

71）是不可（1）彼後1:20；

72）還不能（1）彼後2:11；

73）尚不（1）猶1:9；

74）“不是”（1）雅5:12；

75）還沒（1）徒7:5；

76）既沒（1）路12:24；

77）本不（1）路5:36；

78）沒有人（1）約4:44；

79）總是（1）約4:48；

80）無可（1）約15:22；

81）毫（1）約6:63；

82）仍（1）可13:2；

83）再沒（1）可12:31；

84）沒有一個（1）太11:11；

85）不著（1）太9:12；

86）也不能（1）太12:25；

87）只（1）太14:17；

88）其實（1）太15:24；

89）未嘗（1）徒14:17；

90）不行（1）徒16:37；

91）忽（1）林後1:17；

92）也沒有（1）林前15:15；

93）不但（1）林後2:5；

94）就不至於（1）林後5:3；

95）也不至（1）林後10:8；

96）全（1）林前9:15；

97）亦不是（1）林前6:10；

98）也沒（1）羅3:12；

99）不在（1）羅2:29；

100）毫無（1）羅3:22；

101）除了（1）羅15:18；

102）又不是（1）林前6:10；

103）無人（1）林後11:10