λύω,
poet. imper. λῦθι Pi. Fr. 85: fut. λύσω [ῡ ] Il. 1.29, etc.: aor. ἔλῡσα 18.244, etc.: pf. λέλῠκα Th. 7.18, Ar. V. 992 (ἀπο -), etc.: -
Pass., pf. λέλῠμαι Il. 8.103, etc.: plpf. ἐλελύμην [ῠ ] Od. 22.186, etc.: aor. ἐλύθην, λύθην [ῠ ] 8.360, E. Hel. 860, Th. 2.103, etc.: fut. λῠθήσομαι Pl. Ti. 41b, Isoc. 12.116, etc., also λελύσομαι [ῡ ] D. 14.2, X. Cyr. 6.2.37 (ἀπο -): aor. Pass. λύμην [ῠ ] Il. 21.80; λύτο [ῠ ] ib. 114, but λῦτο 24.1 (at beginning of line, v.l. λύτο); λύντο 7.16: also 3 sg. opt. pf. λελῦτο Od. 18.238: - Med., fut. λύσομαι Il. 1.13, etc.: aor. ἐλυσάμην 14.214: pf. Pass. λέλῦμαι in med. sense, D. 36.45, Arist. Rh. 1400a22 (cf. δια-, κατα-λύω): fut. λύσομαι in pass. sense, (δια -) Th. 2.12, (ἐπι -) Lys. 25.33 codd. (καταλύσεσθαι edd.), (κατα -) X. Cyr. 1.6.9. -
Homer uses all tenses exc. pf. Act., pres. and fut. Pass. [In pres. and impf. ῡ always in Att., ῠ mostly in , though Hom. has ῡ twice, ἔλῡεν Il. 23.513, λῡει Od. 7.74; also in compds., ἀλλῡεσκεν 2.105, ἀλλῡουσαν ib. 109: in fut. and aor. 1 ῡ always: in other tenses ῠ always, exc. in the forms λελῦτο, λῦτο (v. supr.).] (Cf. Lat. luo (pay), re-luo, solvo (for se-luo), solûtus, etc.): -
loosen:
I
1. of things, unbind, unfasten, esp. clothes and armour, λῦσε δέ οἱ ζωστῇρα, θώρηκα, Il. 4.215, 16.804; λ. παρθενίην ζώνην loose the maiden-girdle, of the husband after marriage, Od. 11.245; of the wife, λύοι χαλινὸν ὑφ’ ἥρωϊ παρθενίας Pi. I. 8(7).48; ἔνθα παρθένει’ ἔλυσ’ ἐγὼ κορεύματα E. Alc. 177; so ἔλυσας.. ἅγνευμα σόν Id. Tr. 501; freq. of the tackling of ships, λ. πρυμνήσια, ἱστία, λαῖφος, etc., Od. 2.418, 15.496, 552, h.Ap. 406, etc. (never in Il.); λ. πρύμνας, νεῶν πόδα, E. Hec. 539, 1020, etc.: abs., λύειν, of ships, set sail, λῦε, κυβερνήτα APl. 1.6 *.9 (Panteleus); ἀσκὸν λ. untie a skin (used as a bag), Od. 10.47: freq. in Trag., λ. στολάς, πέπλον, S. OC 1597, Tr. 924; λ. ἡνίαν slacken the rein, Id. El. 743; κλῄθρων λυθέντων when the gates have been opened, A. Th. 396; λ. γράμματα, δέλτον, open a letter, E. IA 38 (anap.), 307; λ. πέδας, δεσμά, A. Eu. 645 (Pass.), E. HF 1123; ἀρβύλας A. Ag. 945; ἀρτάνας.. δέρης ἔλυσαν loosed it from my neck, ib. 876, cf. E. Hipp. 781: - Med., ἀπὸ στήθεσφιν ἐλύσατο κεστὸν ἱμάντα undid her belt, Il. 14.214; but λύοντο τεύχεα they undid the armour for themselves, i.e. stripped it off (others), 17.318; later λυσαμένα πλοκαμῖδας unbinding her hair, Bion 1.20, etc. in various phrases, στόμα λ. open the mouth, E. Hipp. 1060, Isoc. 12.96; γλώσσας λ. εἰς αἰσχροὺς μύθους Critias 6.9 D.; λ. βλεφάρων ἕδραν wake up, E. Rh. 8 (anap.); λ. ὀφρύν unfold the brow, Id. Hipp. 290; λ. ἄχος ἀπ’ ὀμμάτων S. Aj. 706 (lyr.), etc.
2. of living beings, of horses, etc., unyoke, unharness, opp. ζεύγνυμι, Od. 4.35; ἐξ ὀχέων, ὑπὲξ ὀχέων, Il. 5.369, 8.504; ὑφ’ ἅρμασιν 18.244; ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ Od. 4.39: ὑπὸ ζυγόφιν Il. 24.576; ὑπ’ ἀπήνης Od. 7.6 (also in Med., μὴ.. ὑπ’ ὄχεσφι λυώμεθα μώνυχας ἵππους unyoke our horses, Il. 23.7; βόε λῦσαι Hes. Op. 608); λύε μώνυχας ἵππους loosed them, Il. 10.498; λ. κύνα let him loose, X. Cyn. 6.13, etc. of men, release, deliver, esp. from bonds or prison, and so, generally, from difficulty or danger, Il. 15.22, Od. 8.345, 12.53, D. 24.206, etc.; ὁ λύσων he that shall deliver, A. Pr. 771, 785: c. gen. rei, τὸν.. θεοὶ κακότητος ἔλυσαν Od. 5.397, cf. Pi. P. 3.50, etc.; λ. τινὰ δεσμῶν A. Pr. 1006; ὄκνου S. Tr. 181; τὼ.. ἐκ δεσμοῖο λύθεν Od. 8.360, cf. Pi. O. 4.23, A. Pr. 873, E. Hipp. 1244, Pl. R. 360c; also λ. δόμους ἁβρότατος rob the house of.., Pi. P. 11.34; λ. τινὰ τῆς ἀρχῆς depose him from.., D.S. 13.92: - Med., prop. get one loosed or set free, λύσασθαί τινα δυσφροσυνάων Hes. Th. 528; ὅσπερ Ἰὼ πημονᾶς ἐλύσατο A. Supp. 1065 (lyr.): - Pass., λυθῆναι τὰς πέδας D.S. 17.116; λέλυται γὰρ λαὸς ἐλεύθερα βάζειν, ὡς ἐλύθη ζυγὸν ἀλκᾶς has been let loose to speak, since the yoke was loosed, A. Pers. 592 (lyr.). of prisoners, release on receipt of ransom, admit to ransom, release, Il. 1.29, 24.137, 555, etc.; λ. τινά τινι 1.20, 24.561, Od. 10.298; Σαρπηδόνος ἔντεα καλὰ λύσειαν would give them up, Il. 17.163; in full, λ. τινὰ ἀποίνων 11.106; χρημάτων μεγάλων Hdt. 2.135 (Pass.); ἀνὴρ ἀντ’ ἀνδρὸς λυθείς Th. 5.3: - Med., release by payment of ransom, get a person released, redeem, Il. 1.13, 24.118, al., Od. 10.284, 385, Pl. Mx. 243c, D. 19.229; λύσασθαί τινας ἐκ πολεμίων Lys. 12.20; ἵππον X. An. 7.8.6; ὅσους αὐτὸς ἐλυσάμην τῶν αἰχμαλώτων D. 19.169; λ. τινὶ τὸ χωρίον Id. 50.28; ἑαυτοὺς λ. pay their own ransom, Id. 19.169; buy from a pimp, Ar. V. 1353. λελύσθαι τῶν νόμων, = Lat. legibus solvi, D.C. 53.18.
3. give up, [ θρόνον] λῦσον ἄμμιν Pi. P. 4.155.
II
1. resolve a whole into its parts, dissolve, break up, λ. ἀγορήν dissolve the assembly, Il. 1.305; ἀγορὰς ἠμὲν λύει ἠδὲ καθίζει Od. 2.69, etc.: - Pass., λῦτο δ’ ἀγών Il. 24.1; μὴ λυθείη ἡ στρατιά X. Cyr. 6.1.2; πρὶν [ἂν].. ἡ ἀγορὰ (market) λυθῇ Id. Oec. 12.1; λυθείσης τῆς συνουσίας Plb. 5.15.3.
2. of concrete objects, σπάρτα λέλυνται, i. e. have rotted, Il. 2.135; ῥαφαὶ δ’ ἐλέλυντο ἱμάντων Od. 22.186; λ. τὴν σχεδίην break it up, Hdt. 4.97; [ τὴν γέφυραν ] X. An. 2.4.17; τὴν ἀπόφραξιν ib. 4.2.25.
3. esp. of physical strength, loosen, i. e. weaken, relax, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα made his limbs slack or loose, i. e. killed him, Il. 4.469, al.; ὅς τοι γούνατ’ ἔλυσα 22.335; πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐσθλῶν γούνατ’ ἔλυσεν 5.176, etc.; ἀλλά οἱ αὖθι λῦσε μένος 16.332; πέλεκυς λῦσεν.. βοὸς μένος Od. 3.450, cf. Il. 17.29; but οἵ μοι καμάτῳ.. γούνατ’ ἔλυσαν made my knees weak with toil, Od. 20.118: - Pass., λύντο δὲ γυῖα, etc., as the effect of death, sleep, weariness, fear, Il. 7.16, etc.; καμάτῳ φίλα γυῖα λέλυντο 13.85, cf. Od. 8.233; αὐτοῦ λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον ἦτορ Il. 21.114, 425; λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε 5.296, etc.; λύθεν δέ οἱ ἅψεα πάντα Od. 4.794, 18.189; λέλυται γυίων ῥώμη A. Pers. 913 (anap.); λύεται δέ μου μέλη E. Hec. 438; λέλυμαι μελέων σύνδεσμα Id. Hipp. 199 (anap.). λύει βλέφαρα closes her eyes in sleep, S. Ant. 1302. metaph., λ. τὴν ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς πρὸς μάχην παρασκευήν X. HG 7.5.22.
4. undo, bring to naught, destroy, πολίων κάρηνα Il. 9.25; Τροίης κρήδεμνα 16.100, Od. 13.388, cf. B. Fr. 16.7: generally, put an end to, νείκεα Il. 14.205; μελεδήματα 23.62; ἔριν E. Ph. 81, AP 9.316.12 (Leon.); πόλεμον Th. 5.31; ἐπιμομφάν Pi. O. 10(11).9; μέμψιν Democr. 271; φόβον A. Th. 270; φόβον καὶ τὴν ὑποψίαν Polystr. p.7 W., cf. Epicur. Sent. 12; μοχθήματα S. OC 1616; ἀνάγκας E. Supp. 39; βίον, i.e. die, Id. IT 692; αἰῶν’ ἔλυσε, i.e. died, B. 1.43; λ. τὸ τέλος βίον S. OC 1720 (lyr.); μαχας Ar. Pax 991 (anap.); νοσήματα Diocl.Fr. 35 (Pass.), cf. Gal. 6.476; κόπους Dsc. Eup. 1.220; forgive, ἁμαρτήματα LXX [Job 42:9]. in Prose, λ. νόμους repeal or annul laws, Hdt. 3.82, D. 3.10, Arist. Pol. 1269a15; οὐθὲν τῶν περὶ τὴν πολιτείαν ib. 1298b31; λ. ψήφῳ τὸ παράνομον Aeschin. 3.197 (Pass.), etc.; ἐπεὶ ἐκεῖνοι ἔλυσαν τὰς σπονδὰς λελύσθαι μοι δοκεῖ ἡ ἐκείνων ὕβρις καὶ ἡ ἡμετέρα ὑποψία X. An. 3.1.21; rescind a vote, ψῆφον λύει ὁ νόμος D. 24.2; revoke a will, διαθήκην Isa 6.33, etc. (but in Pass., to be opened, of a will, POxy. 715.19 (ii A. D.), etc.); unbind a spell, Iamb. Myst. 3.27: - Pass., λέλυται πάντα all ties are broken, all is in confusion, D. 25.25. as a technical term, solve a difficulty, a problem, a question, λύεται ἡ ἀπορία Pl. Prt. 324e, al.; λ. ζήτημα Gal. 6.436. refute an argument, Pl. Grg. 509a, Arist. Rh. 1402b24,al.; cf. λύσις 11.4b, λυτικός 11. unravel the plot of a tragedy, opp. πλέκειν, Id. Po. 1456a10. λ. τὴν φάσιν, of the Moon, pass out of, Vett. Val. 134.1, cf. 2.
5. break a legal agreement or obligation, τὸν νόμον Hdt. 6.106; τὰς σπονδάς Th. 1.23, 78, cf. 4.23, al.; τὰ συγκείμενα Lys. 6.41; σίς κε τὰς ϝρήτας τάσδε λύση whoso breaks this agreement, Inscr.Cypr. 135.29 H.
6. in physical sense, dissolve, λύθεν, opp. πάγεν, Emp. 15.4; τὸ θερμὸν λύει, opp. πήγνυσι, Arist. Mete. 384b11, cf. 382b33 (Pass.); ἀμμωνιακὸν ὄξει λύσας Gal. 11.106; melt, παγείσας χιόνας Hdn. 8.4.2; τι πυρὶ λ. Hippiatr. 52.
7. of medicines, λ. τὴν κοιλίαν Arist. Pr. 863b29, cf. Hp. Acut.(Sp.) 38, Diocl.Fr. 140; so of the effects of terror, Arist. Pr. 877a32 (Pass.).
8. resolve ¯ into ˘˘, in Pass., Heph. 8, 10, Aristid. Quint. 1.28.
III
1. solve, fulfil, accomplish, τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ μαντεῖα S. OT 407; ὅρκον Plb. 6.58.4. atone for, make up for, τὰς πρότερον ἁμαρτίας Ar. Ra. 691; λύσων ὅσ’ ἐξήμαρτον S. Ph. 1224; λ. φόνον φόνῳ Id. OT 101, E. Or. 511; αἱ πρόσοδοι λύουσι τἀναλώματα Diph. 32.5: - Med., τῶν πάλαι πεπραγμένων λύσασθ’ αἷμα.. δίκαις A. Ch. 804 (lyr.). μισθὸν λύειν pay wages in full, quit oneself of them, used only in cases of obligation, X. Ages. 2.31.
2. τέλη λύειν, = λυσιτελεῖν, pay, profit. avail, ἔνθα μὴ τέλη λύει φρονοῦντι where it boots not to be wise, S. OT 316: but more freq. λύει without τέλη, construed like λυσιτελεῖ, abs., λύει δ’ ἄλγος E. Med. 1362, cf. PSI 4.400.16: c. dat. pers., φημὶ τοιούτους γάμους λύειν βροτοῖσιν E. Alc. 628, cf. Hipp. 441: c. inf., πῶς οὖν λύει.. ἐπιβάλλειν; Id. Med. 1112 (anap.); ἐμοί τελύειτοῖσιμέλλουσιν τέκνοις τὰ ζῶντ’ ὀνῆσαι it is good for me to benefit my living children by means of those to come, ib. 566; λύει ἀπελθεῖν UPZ 77i12 (ii B.C.): c. acc. et inf., λύει γὰρ ἡμᾶς οὐδέν, οὐδ’ ἐπωφελεῖ,.. θανεῖν it is not expedient that we should die (οὐδ’ ἐπωφελεῖ being parenthetic), S. El. 1005; οὐ γάρ με λύει.. κακορροθεῖσθαι E. Sthen.Prol. 35; cf. λυσιτελέω.
G3089 — λύω
imperfect ἐλυον; 1 aorist ἔλυσά; passive, present λύομαι; imperfect ἐλυομην; perfect 2 person singular λέλυσαι, participle λελυμενος; 1 aorist ἐλυθην; 1 future λυθήσομαι; from Homer down; the Sept. several times for פָּתַח, to open, הִתִּיר and Chaldean שְׁרֵא ([Dan 3:25]; [Dan 5:12]); to loose; i. e.:
1. to loose any person (or thing) tied or fastened: properly, the bandages of the feet, the shoes, [Mar 1:7]; [Luk 3:16]; [Joh 1:27]; Acts (); (so for נָשַׁל to take off, [Exo 3:5]; [Jos 5:15]); πῶλον (δεδεμένον), [Mat 21:2]; [Mar 11:2],( L marginal reading),f; [Luk 19:30]f, 33; bad angels, [Rev 9:14]f; τόν βοῦν ἀπό τῆς φάτνης, [Luk 13:15]; tropically: of husband and wife joined together by the bond of matrimony, λέλυσαι ἀπό γυναικός (opposed to δέδεσαι γυναικί), spoken of a single man, whether he has already had a wife or has not yet married, [1Co 7:27].
2. to loose one bound, i. e. to unbind, release from bonds, set free: one bound up (swathed in bandages), [Joh 11:44]; bound with chains (a prisoner), [Act 22:30] (where Rec. adds ἀπό τῶν δεσμῶν); hence, equivalent to to discharge from prison, let go, [Act 24:26] Rec. (so as far back as Homer); in Apocalyptic vision of the devil (κεκλεισμένον), [Rev 20:3]; ἐκ τῆς φυλακῆς αὐτοῦ, 7; metaphorically, to free (ἀπό δεσμοῦ) from the bondage of disease (one held by Satan) by restoration to health, [Luk 13:16]; to release one bound by the chains of sin, ἐκ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν, [Rev 1:5] L T Tr WH (see λούω at the end (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30, 6 a.)).
3. to loosen, undo, dissolve, anything bound, tied, or compacted together: the seal of a book, [Rev 5:2] (5 Rec.); tropically, τόν δεσμόν τῆς γλώσσης τίνος, to remove an impediment of speech, restore speech to a dumb man, [Mar 7:35] (Justin, hist. 13, 7, 1 cui nomen Battos propter linguae obligationem init; 6 linguae nodis solutis loqui primum coepit); an assembly, i. e. to dismiss, break up: τήν συναγωγήν, passive, [Act 13:43] (ἀγορην, Homer, Iliad 1, 305; Odyssey 2, 257, etc.; Apoll. Rh. 1, 708; τήν στρατιάν, Xenophon, Cyril 6, 1, 2); of the bonds of death, λύειν τάς ὠδῖνας τοῦ θαντου, [Act 2:24] (see ὠδίν). Laws, as having binding force, are likened to bonds; hence, λύειν is equivalent to to annul, subvert; to do away with; to deprive of authority, whether by precept or by act: ἐντολήν, [Mat 5:19]; τόν νόμον, [Joh 7:23]; τό σάββατον, the commandment concerning the sabbath, [Joh 5:18]; τήν γραφήν, [Joh 10:35]; cf. Kuinoel on [Mat 5:17]; (on the singular reading λύει τόν Ἰησοῦ, [1Jo 4:3] WH marginal reading see Westcott's Commentary at the passage); by a Chaldean and Talmudic usage (equivalent to אַתֵּר, שְׁרֵא (cf. Winer's Grammar, 32)), opposed to δέω (which see 2 c.), to declare lawful: [Mat 16:19]; [Mat 18:18] (but cf. Weiss in Meyer 7te Aufl. ad the passages cited). to loose what is compacted or built together, to break up, demolish, destroy: properly, in passive ἐλύετο ἡ πρύμνα, was breaking to pieces, [Act 27:41]; τόν ναόν, [Joh 2:19]; τό μεσότοιχον τοῦ φραγμοῦ, [Eph 2:14] (τά τείχη, 1 Esdr. 1:52; γέφυραν, Xenophon, an. 2, 4, 17f); to dissolve something coherent into parts, to destroy: passive (τούτων πάντων λυομένων, [2Pe 3:11]); τά στοιχεῖα (καυσούμενα), [2Pe 3:10]; οὐρανοί (πυρούμενοι), [2Pe 3:12]; metaphorically, to overthrow, do away with: τά ἔργα τοῦ διαβόλου, [1Jo 3:8]. (Compare: ἀναλύω, ἀπολύω, διαλύω, ἐκλύω, ἐπιλύω, καταλύω, πυραλύω.)