λίθος [ ῐ], ου, o((v. infr. 11),

I

1. stone, Hom., etc.; esp. of the stones thrown by warriors, τρηχὺς λ., λ. ὀκριόεις, Il. 5.308, 8.327; also, stonequoit, Od. 8.190; ἑλέσθαι.. ἐκ γαίας λίθον A. Fr. 199.4; of building- stones, λίθοι βασιλικοί PSI 4.423.28, PCair.Zen. 499.20 (both iii B.C.): prov., ἐν παντὶ γάρ τοι σκορπίος φρουρεῖ λίθῳ S. Fr. 37; λίθον ἕψειν ’to lose one’s labour’, Ar. V. 280; also of stupid persons, ’blockheads’, λίθοι Id. Nu. 1202, cf. Thgn. 568, Pl. Hp.Ma. 292d, Gal. 9.656; λ. τις, ou) dou/lh Herod. 6.4; προσηγορεύθη διὰ τὸ μὴ φρονεῖν λ., of Niobe, Philem. 101; ὥσπερ λίθον ζῆν Pl. Grg. 494a sq.; λίθῳ λαλεῖς prov. of ἀναίσθητοι, Macar. 5.61.

2. stone as a substance, opp. wood, flesh, etc., ἐπεὶ οὔ σφι λ. χρὼς οὐδὲ σίδηρος Il. 4.510; λαοὺς δὲ λίθους ποίησε turned into stone, petrified, 24.611, cf. Pl. Smp. 198c; so [ νῆα] θεῖναι λ. Od. 13.156; as an emblem of hard-heartedness, σοὶ δ’ αἰεὶ κραδίη στερεωτέρη ἐστὶ λίθοιο 23.103, cf. Theoc. 3.18.

II

1. λίθος, ἡ, twice in Hom., Il. 12.287, Od. 19.494, just like masc., also in Theoc. 7.26, Bion Fr. 1.2: later mostly of some special stone, as the magnet is called Μαγνῆτις λ. by E. Fr. 567 (but ἡ λίθος simply in Democr. 11k, Arist. Ph. 267a2, cf. v.l. de An. 405a20); also Λυδία λ. by S. Fr. 800 (but in B. Fr. 10 J. Λυδία λ. = touchstone); Ἡρακλεία λ. by Pl. Ion 533d, Epicur. Fr. 293; so of a touchstone, Pl. Grg. 486d; ἡ διαφανὴς λ. a piece of crystal used for a burning-glass, Ar. Nu. 767, cf. Luc. Alex. 21; χυτὴ λ. was perh. a kind of glass, and so an older name for ὕαλος, Epin. 1.8 (the same thing as the ἀρτήματα λίθινα χυτά in Hdt. 2.69; cf. τὴν ὕαλον.. ὅσα τε λίθων χυτὰ εἴδη καλεῖται Pl. Ti. 61c); λ. = precious stone is fem. in Hp. Nat.Mul. 99, IG 22.1421.92, 1460.21, but masc. in Hdt. 2.44, etc.; in the sense of marble mostly masc., λευκὸς λ. Id. 4.87 (simply λίθος 1.164), S. Fr. 330 (λευκοὶ λ. is opp. πέτρινοι λ. Supp.Epigr. 4.446.8 (Didyma)); Πάριος λ. Pi. N. 4.81, Hdt. 3.57; Ταινάριος λ. Str. 8.5.7; λ. Θάσιος, Αἰγύπτιος, etc., Paus. 1.18.6, etc.; κογχίτης Id. 1.44.6; κογχυλιάτης X. An. 3.4.10; but Παρία λ. Theoc. 6.38, Luc. Am. 13; cf. λυχνίας, -ίτης; πώρινος λ. tufa, Hdt. 5.62.

2. collectively, πέφυκε λίθος.. ἄφθονος, ἐξ οὗ.. X. Vect. 1.4.

III

1. grave-stone (fem.), Call. Epigr. 8.1. at Athens, λίθος, ὁ, was a name for various blocks of stone used for rostra or platforms, as, 1 the βῆμα (q.v.) of the Pnyx, Ar. Ach. 683, Pax 680, Ec. 87.

2. another in the ἀγορά used by the κήρυκες, Plu So 8; prob. the same as ὁ πρατὴρ λ., on which the auctioneer stood when selling slaves, etc., Poll. 3.78, cf. 126.

3. an altar in the ἀγορά, at which the Thesmothetae, arbitrators, and witnesses took their oaths, Philoch. 65, D. 54.26 (restored from Harp. s.v. cross λίθος), Arist. Ath. 7.1, 55.5, Plu. Sol. 25; cf. λιθωμότης.

4. two stones on which litigants stood in the Areopagus, Paus. 1.28.5. piece on a draughtboard, Alc. 82, Theoc. 6.18, cf. γραμμή 111.1: hence pron., πάντα λίθον κινεῖν Zen. 5.63 (who explains it differently). Medic., stone in the bladder, calculus, Arist. HA 519b19, Hp. Morb. 4.55, al. Δία λίθον ὀμνύναι, = Lat. Jovem lapidem jurare, Plb. 3.25.6. λίθοι χαλάζης hail- stones, LXX Joh 10:11. λ. ὁ οὐ λ. the philosophers’ stone, Zos. Alch. p.122 B.

λίθος lithos 59x

    a stone, Mat 3:9; Mat 4:3; Mat 4:6;

used figuratively,

    of Christ, Eph 2:20; 1Pe 2:6;

    of believers, 1Pe 2:5;

meton.

    a tablet of stone, 2Co 3:7;

    a precious stone, Rev 4:3 rock; stone.

G3037 — λίθος

λίθου, ὁ, the Sept. for אֶבֶן (from Homer down); a stone: of small stones, Mat 4:6; Mat 7:9; Luk 3:8; 4:(),; Luk 11:11; ; Joh 8:7; plural, Mat 3:9; Mat 4:3; Mar 5:5; Luk 3:8; Luk 19:40; Joh 8:59; Joh 10:31; of a large stone, Mat 27:60, Mat 27:66; Mat 28:2; Mar 15:46; Mar 16:3; Luk 24:2; Joh 11:38f, 41; Joh 20:1; of building stones, Mat 21:42, Mat 21:44 (T omits; L WH Tr marginal reading brackets the verse); ; Mar 12:10; Mar 13:1; Luk 19:44; Luk 20:17; Luk 21:5; Act 4:11; 1Pe 2:7; metaphorically of Christ: λίθος ἀκρογωνιαῖος (which see), ἐκλεκτός (cf. 2 Esdr. 5:8), ἔντιμος, 1Pe 2:6 (Isa 28:16); ζῶν (see ζάω, II. b.), 1Pe 2:4; λίθος προσκόμματος, one whose words, acts, end, men (so stumble at) take such offence at, that they reject him and thus bring upon themselves ruin, 1Pe 2:8 (7); Rom 9:33; of Christians: λίθοι ζῶντες, living stones (see ζάω, as above), of which the temple of God is built, 1Pe 2:5; of the truths with which, as with building materials, a teacher builds Christians up in wisdom, λίθοι τίμιοι, costly stones, 1Co 3:12. λίθος μυλικός, Mar 9:42 R G; Luk 17:2 L T Tr WH, cf. Rev 18:21. of precious stones, gems: λίθος τίμιος, Rev 17:4; Rev 18:12, Rev 18:16; Rev 21:11, Rev 21:19 (2Sa 12:30; 1Ki 10:2, 1Ki 10:11); ἰάσπις, Rev 4:3; ἐνδεδυμένοι λίθον (for R G T λίνον) καθαρόν, Rev 15:6 L Tr text WH (Eze 28:13 πάντα (or πᾶν) λίθον χρηστόν ἐνδέδεσαι; (see WH. Introduction at the passage cited)); but (against the reading λίθον) (cf. Scrivener, Plain Introduction etc., p. 658). Special stones cut in a certain form: stone tablets (engraved with letters), 2Co 3:7; statues of idols, Act 17:29 (Deu 4:28; Eze 20:32).

λίθος , - ον , ὁ

(and, in Att. ., of precious stones, ἡ .),

[in LXX for H68, Gen 11:3, al. ; λ . τίμιος , for H6337, Psa 19:10; Psa 21:3, Pro 8:19, al. ;]

a stone: Mat 4:6, al. ; pl ., Mat 3:9, al. ; at the entrance of a tomb, Mat 27:60; Mat 27:66; Mat 28:2, Mar 15:46; Mar 16:3-4, Luk 24:2, Joh 11:38; Joh 11:32; Joh 11:41; Joh 20:1; λ . μυλικός , Luk 17:2, cf. Rev 18:21; of building stones, Mat 21:42, [44], Mat 24:2, Mar 12:10; Mar 13:1-2, Luk 19:44; Luk 20:17-18; Luk 21:5-6 Act 4:11, 1Pe 2:7; metaph ., of Christ, λ . ἀκρογωναῖος , ἐκλεκτός , ἔντιμος , 1Pe 2:6 ( LXX ); λ . ζῶν , 1Pe 2:4; προσκόΜΜατος , 1Pe 2:8, Rom 9:33; of Christians, λ . ζῶντες , 1Pe 2:5; of precious stones, λ . τίμιος , Rev 17:4; Rev 18:12; Rev 18:16; Rev 21:11; Rev 21:19; ἴασπις , Rev 4:3; ἐνδεδυμένοι λ . καθαρόν , Rev 15:6 ( λίνον , Rec. , R , mg ., v. Swete , in l ); metaph ., λ . τίμιοι , 1Co 3:12; of the tables of the law, 2Co 3:7; of idols, Act 17:29.

詞類次數：名詞（60）

原文字根：石 相當於：H68（אֶבֶן‎）

字義溯源：石*，石頭。主耶穌引用‘匠人所棄的石頭，已作了房角的頭塊石頭’而說到他自己就是這石頭（太21:42）。彼得說，主乃活石，我們也像活石，被建造成靈宮（彼前2:4,5）。在新耶路撒冷城中有極貴的寶石（啓19:11），而城牆的根基是各樣寶石修飾的（啓21:19）。石頭-活石-寶石，這是何等榮耀的變化

同源字：1）G2642（καταλιθάζω）用石頭打死 2）G3034（λιθάζω）投石擊打 3）G3035（λίθινος）石作的 4）G3036（λιθοβολέω）拋石頭 5）G3037（λίθος）石 6）G3038（λιθόστρωτος）鋪設石頭 7）G5555（χρυσόλιθος）金黃色石頭

同義字：1）G3037（λίθος）石 2）G4073（πέτρα）磐石 3）G4074（Πέτρος）石頭 4）G5586（ψῆφος）小圓石

出現次數：總共（61）；太（11）；可（9）；路（15）；約（7）；徒（2）；羅（2）；林前（1）；林後（1）；彼前（5）；啓（8）

譯字彙編：

1）石頭（34）太3:9；太4:3；太4:6；太7:9；太21:42；太21:44；太24:2；太27:60；太27:66；太28:2；可12:10；可13:1；可13:2；可16:3；可16:4；路3:8；路4:3；路4:11；路11:11；路19:40；路20:17；路20:18；路21:6；路24:2；約8:7；約8:59；約10:31；約11:39；約11:41；約20:1；徒4:11；林後3:7；彼前2:7；彼前2:8；

2）石（16）可9:42；路17:2；路21:5；徒17:29；羅9:32；林前3:12；彼前2:4；彼前2:5；彼前2:6；啓4:3；啓17:4；啓18:12；啓18:16；啓21:11；啓21:11；啓21:19；

3）一塊石頭（8）太24:2；可13:2；可15:46；路19:44；路19:44；路21:6；路22:41；啓18:21；

4）一塊⋯石頭（1）羅9:33；

5）用石頭（1）可5:5；

6）一塊石（1）約11:38