θνῄσκω
(with ι IG 2.2477.7, 10,2494, Ἀρχ.Ἐφ.1910.73; θνείσκ- IG 2.4040b; [ ἀποθν]ήισκειν Pl. Phdr. in PPetr. 1p.18 (iii B.C.), but θνήσκω Did. ap. EM 452.29, freq. in codd.), Aeol. θναίσκω Hdn.Gr. 2.79, Dor. θνᾴσκω Sammelb. 6754.22 (iii B.C.): fut. θᾰνοῦμαι Simon. 85.9, S. Ant. 462, etc.; inf. -έεσθαι Il. 4.12; later θνήξομαι AP 9.354 (Leon.), Polyaen. 5.2.22 codd.: aor. 2 ἔθᾰνον, θάνον Od. 11.412, al.; inf. and Ion. θανέειν, as always in Hom., exc. Il. 7.52, θανέμεν Pi. P. 4.72: pf. τέθνηκα Il. 18.12, etc.; subj. τεθνήκω Th. 8.74: plpf. ἐτεθνήκειν Antipho 5.70, Lys. 19.48; 3 pl. -ήκεσαν And. 1.52: short forms of pf., 3 dual τέθνᾰτον X. An. 4.1.19, 1 pl. τέθνᾰμεν Pl. Grg. 493a, 3 pl. τεθνᾶσι Il. 22.52, etc.; 3 pl. plpf. ἐτέθνᾰσαν Antipho 5.70, And. 1.59, X. HG 6.4.16; imper. τέθνᾰθι Il. 22.365, τεθνάτω 15.496, IG 12.10, Pl. Lg. 933e, etc.; opt. τεθναίην Il. 18.98, etc.; inf. τεθνάναι [ᾰ ] Semon. 3, Hdt. 1.31, Ar. Ra. 1012, Pl.Com. 68, Th. 8.92, etc., τεθνᾶναι dub.l. in Mimn. 2.10, A. Ag. 539; τεθνάμεναι, -άμεν, Il. 24.225, 15.497, etc.; Aeol. τεθνάκην Sapph. 2.15; part. τεθνεώς Hdt. 9.120, Ar. Av. 476, etc., fem. τεθνεῶσα Lys. 31.22, D. 40.27 (τεθνηκυῖα Hippon. 29, E. Or. 109), neut. τεθνεός Hdt. 1.112, Hp. Nat.Mul. 32 (τεθνηκός Pl. Phd. 71d, pl. τεθνεῶτα 72c); gen. τεθνεῶτος, etc., Hdt. 5.68, etc. (once in Hom., dat. τεθνεῶτι Od. 19.331); poet. τεθνεότος Archel. ap. Antig. Mir. 89, Q.S. 7.65; Dor. τεθνᾰότα Pi. N. 10.74; τεθνηώς (v.l. -ειώς) Il. 17.161, -ηυῖα Od. 4.734, (κατα-) 11.141; gen. τεθνηῶτος Il. 9.633, etc.; also τεθνηότος 17.435, Od. 15.23, al. [ τεθνεῶτι is trisyll. Od. 19.331, τεθνεώτων E. Supp. 272 (hex.): disyll. forms are written in later Gr., nom. τεθνώς BCH 18.438 (Argilus); gen. sg. τεθνῶτος SIG 799.13 (Cyzicus, i A.D.); dat. sg. τεθνῶτι Papers of the Amer. School 3.334 (Pisid.); fem. τεθνώσῃ (and gen. pl. τεθνήτων) Ath.Mitt. 50.134(Macedonia); acc. pl. fem. τεθνώσας Babr. 45.9 ]: from τέθνηκα arose fut. τεθνήξω Ar. Ach. 325, A. Ag. 1279 (censured as archaic by Luc. So 7), later τεθνήξομαι Diogenian.Epicur. 1.28, 3.52, Luc. Pisc. 10, Ael. NA 2.46; part. τεθνηξόμενος Lib. 438.7. -
I
1. The simple Verb is regularly used in early Prose in pf. and plpf.; for pres., fut., and aor. the compd. ἀποθνῄσκω is substituted: θνῄσκει v.l. in Hp. Mul. 1.9, σάρκες θνῄσκουσι Art. 69, ἔθνῃσκον Th. 2.47, al., θνῃσκόντων ib. 53, θνῄσκοι Pl. Phd. 72d, θνῄσκομεν Epicur. Ephesians 1 p.20U.: aor. part. θανών, subj. θάνῃ, IG 12(5).593.2,20,23 (Iulis, v B.C.), Berl.Sitzb. 1927.166 (Cyrene), Phld. Herc. 1649.4: aor. inf. θανεῖν ib.1418.13: - in pres. and impf., die, as well of natural as of violent death; in aor. and pf., to be dead (cf. τί τοὺς θανὅντας οὐκ ἐᾷς τεθνηκέναι; Eup. 12.3 D.; τέθνηκ’ ἔγωγε πρὶν θανεῖν κακῶν ὕπο E. Hec. 431), θανεῖν καὶ πότμον ἐπισπεῖν Il. 7.52, etc.; ζωὸς ἠὲ θανών alive or dead, Od. 4.553, cf. 15.350; ἦ ἤδη τέθνηκε 4.834; ὡς ἄμεινον εἴη τεθνάναι μᾶλλον ἢ ζώειν Hdt. 1.31, cf. 7.46; τεθνάναι κρεῖττον ἤ.. D. 9.65, cf. 10.25; ἄξιος τεθνάναι Ar. Ra. 1012, etc.; τεθνάτω let him be put to death, IG 12.10.29; ἄτιμος τεθ. Lex ap. D. 9.44: freq. in part., νέκυος πέρι τεθνηῶτος Il. 18.173; νεκρὸν.. τεθνηῶτα a dead corpse, Od. 12.10; οἱ τεθνηκότες, οἱ θανόντες, the dead, E. Hec. 278, Eup. l.c., etc.; οὔτε τεθνεῶτα οὔτε ζῶντα Hdt. 4.14; οἴχεται θανών (v. οἴχομαι) ; θανὼν φροῦδος (v. φροῦδος) ; θανόντι συνθανεῖν S. Tr. 798, Fr. 953, cf. E. Supp. 1007 (lyr.); ὁ θανών, opp. ὁ κτανών, S. Ph. 336: pres. with pf. sense, θνῄσκουσι γάρ, for τεθνήκασι, Id. OT 118, cf. E. Hec. 695 (lyr.), Ba. 1041 (lyr.), etc.
2. used like a pass. Verb, χερσὶν ὑπ’ Αἴαντος θανέειν to fall by his hand, Il. 15.289; θ. ὑπό τινος Pl. 329c, Arist. HA 625a16; ἔκ τινος Pi. P. 4.72, S. OT 1454; πρός τινος ib. 292, E. Hec. 773; θεοῖς τέθνηκε S. Aj. 970: freq. c. dat. instrumenti, θ. χερί, δορί, Id. OC 1388, A. Th. 959 (lyr.); φαρμάκοισι E. Fk. 464; also ἐν βρόχῳ A. Ch. 558; τεθνάναι τῷ δέει, τ. τῷ φόβῳ, c. acc., to be in mortal fear of, D. 4.45, 19.81, cf. Arr. An. 7.9.4; προοίμιον σκοτεινὸν καὶ τεθνηκὸς δειλίᾳ Aeschin. 2.34; θ. ἐπί τινι to die leaving one as heir, Luc. DMort. 7.1.
II metaph., of things, perish, θνᾴσκει σιγαθὲν καλὸν ἔργον Pi. Fr. 121; ἐσλῶν ὑπὸ χαρμάτων πῆμα θνᾴσκει.. δαμασθέν Id. O. 2.19; λόγοι θνῄσκοντες μάτην A. Ch. 846; θ. πίστις S. OC 611; τὸ τρύβλιον τέθνηκέ μοι Ar. Ra. 986 (lyr.): in Prose, τέθνηκε τὸ τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας μισεῖν D. 19.289; τεθνηκός τι φθέγξασθαι D.C. 40.54; τεθνηκὸς ὁρᾶν Callistr. Stat. 14; τὸ τεθνηκὸς ὁ λίθος ὑπεδύετο ib. 2.