θάνᾰτος
[ θᾰ], ὁ, (θνῄσκω)
I
1. death, whether natural or violent, Hom., etc.; τῶν ὑπαλευάμενος θάνατον the death threatened by them, Od. 15.275; ὣς θάνον οἰκτίστῳ θανάτῳ 11.412; θάνατόνδε to death, Il. 16.693, 22.297; θανάτου τέλος, μοῖρα, A. Th. 906 (lyr.), Pers. 917 (anap.), etc.; θανάτου πέρι καὶ ζωᾶς for life and death, Pi. N. 9.29; θ. ἢ βίον φέρει S. Aj. 802; θάνατος μὲν τάδ’ ἀκούειν Id. OC 529; θανάτῳ ἴσον πάθος Id. Aj. 215; ἐν ἀγχόναις θάνατον λαβεῖν E. Hel. 201; πόλεώς ἐστι θ., ἀνάστατον γενέσθαι it is its death, Lycurg. 61; γῆρας ζῶν θ. Secund. Sent. 12; θάνατον ἀποθνῄσκειν, τελευτᾶν, Plu. Crass. 25, D.H. 4.76.
2. in Law, death-penalty, θάνατον καταγνῶναί τινος to pass sentence of death on one, Th. 3.81; θανάτου δίκῃ κρίνεσθαι ib. 57; θανάτου κρίνειν X. Cyr. 1.2.14, Plb. 6.14.6; περὶ θανάτου διώκειν X. HG 7.3.6; πρὸς τοὺς ἐχθροὺς.. ἀγωνίσασθαι περὶ θ. D. 4.47; θ. τῆς ζημίας ἐπικειμένης the penalty is death, Isoc. 8.50; ellipt., παιδίον κεκος μημένον τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ (sc. στολήν) Hdt. 1.109; τὴν ἐπὶ θ. προσαγαγεῖν τινα Luc. Alex. 44; but δῆσαί τινα τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ (sc. δέσιν) Hdt. 3.119; τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ ἔξοδον ποιεῖσθαι to go to execution, Id. 7.223; ἐπὶ θάνατον ἄγεσθαι Id. 3.14; τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐπιτρέψαι περὶ σφῶν αὐτῶν πλὴν θανάτου for any penalty short of death, Th. 4.54; εὐθύνας εἶναι πλὴν φυγῆς καὶ θανάτου καὶ ἀτιμίας IG 12.39.73; εἰργόμενον θανάτου καὶ τοῦ ἀνάπηρον ποιῆσαι short of death or maiming, Aeschin. 1.183.
3. pl., θάνατοι kinds of death, Od. 12.341; the deaths of several persons, S. OT 1200, E. Heracl. 628 (both lyr.); poet., of one person, A. Ch. 53, S. OT 496, El. 206 (all lyr.); οὐχ ἑνός, οὐδὲ δυοῖν ἄξια θανάτοιν Pl. Lg. 908e; πολλῶν θ., οὐχ ἑνὸς ἄξιος D. 21.21, cf. 19.16, Ar. Pl. 483, D.H. 4.24; δεύτερος θ. *[Rev 2:11], cf. Plu. 2.942f; esp. of violent death, θ. αὐθένται A. Ag. 1572 (lyr.), cf. Th. 879 (lyr.); εἰς θανάτους ἰέναι Pl. R. 399b.
II as pr. n., Θάνατος Death, Ὕπνῳ.. κασιγνήτῳ Θανάτοιο Il. 14.231, cf. S. Aj. 854, Ph. 797, etc.; μόνος θεῶν γὰρ Θ. οὐ δώρων ἐρᾷ A. Fr. 161; ὃν [ἰὸν] τέκετο Θ. S. Tr. 834; character in E. Alc.
III corpse, θ. ἀτύμβευτος AP 9.439 (Crin.).
G2288 — θάνατος
θανάτου, ὁ (θανεῖν); the Sept. for מָוֶת and מוּת, also for דֶּבֶר pestilence (Winers Grammar, 29 note); (one of the nouns often anarthrous, cf. Winers Grammar, § 19, 1 under the word; (Buttmann, § 124, 8 c.); Grimm, commentary on Sap., p. 59); death;
1. properly, the death of the body, i. e. that separation (whether natural or violent) of the soul from the body by which the life on earth is ended: [Joh 11:4] (13); [Act 2:24] (Tr marginal reading ᾅδου) (on this see ὠδίν); [Phi 2:27], [Phi 2:30]; [Heb 7:23]; [Heb 9:15]; [Rev 9:6]; [Rev 18:8]; opposed to ζωή, [Rom 8:38]; [1Co 3:22]; [2Co 1:9]; [Phi 1:20]; with the implied idea of future misery in the state beyond, [1Co 15:21]; [2Ti 1:10]; [Heb 2:14]f; equivalent to the power of death, [2Co 4:12]. Since the nether world, the abode of the dead, was conceived of as being very dark, χώρα καί σκιά θανάτου (צַלְמָוֶת) is equivalent to the region of thickest darkness, i. e. figuratively, a region enveloped in the darkness of ignorance and sin: [Mat 4:16]; [Luk 1:79] (from [Isa 9:2]); θάνατος is used of the punishment of Christ, [Rom 5:10]; [Rom 6:3-5]; [1Co 11:26]; [Phi 3:10]; [Col 1:22]; ([Heb 2:9]),[Heb 2:14]; σῴζειν τινα ἐκ θανάτου, to free from the fear of death, to enable one to undergo death fearlessly, [Heb 5:7] (but others besides); ῤύεσθαι ἐκ θανάτου, to deliver from the danger of death, [2Co 1:10]; plural θανατοῖ, deaths (i. e. mortal perils) of various kinds, [2Co 11:23]; περίλυπος ἕως θανάτου, even unto death, i. e. so that I am almost dying of sorrow, [Mat 26:38]; [Mar 14:34] (λελύπημαι ἕως θανάτου, [Jon 4:9]; λύπη ἕως θανάτου, Sir. 37:2, cf, [Jdg 16:16]); μέχρι θανάτου, so as not to refuse to undergo even death, [Phi 2:8]; also ἄχρι θανάτου, [Rev 2:10]; [Rev 12:11]; ἐσφαγμένος εἰς θάνατον, that has received a deadly wound, [Rev 13:3]; πληγή θανάτου, a deadly wound (death-stroke, cf. Winer's Grammar, § 34, 3 b.), [Rev 13:3], [Rev 13:12]; ἰδεῖν θάνατον, to experience death, [Luk 2:26]; [Heb 11:5]; also γεύεσθαι θανάτου (see γεύω, 2), [Mat 16:28]; [Mar 9:1]; [Luk 9:27]; διώκειν τινα ἄχρι θανάτου, even to destruction, [Act 22:4]; κατακρίνειν τινα θανάτῳ, to condemn one to death (admortemdamnare, Tacitus), [Mat 20:18] (here Tdf. εἰς θάνατον); [Mar 10:33], (see κατακρίνω, a.); πορεύεσθαι εἰς θάνατον, to undergo death, [Luk 22:33]; παραδιδόναι τινα εἰς θάνατον, that he may be put to death, [Mat 10:21]; [Mar 13:12]; passive, to be given over to the peril of death, [2Co 4:11]; παρέδωκαν... εἰς κρίμα θανάτου, [Luk 24:20]; ἀποκτεῖναι τινα ἐν θανάτῳ (a Hebraism (cf. Buttmann, 184 (159f))), [Rev 2:23]; [Rev 6:8] (cf. Winer's Grammar, 29 note); αἰτία θανάτου (see αἰτία, 2), [Act 13:28]; [Act 28:18]; ἄξιον τί θανάτου, some crime worthy of the penalty of death, [Act 23:29]; [Act 25:11], [Act 25:25]; ([Act 26:31]); [Luk 23:15], [Luk 23:22] (here αἴτιον (which see 2 b.) θάνατος); ἔνοχος θανάτου, worthy of punishment by death, [Mat 26:66]; [Mar 14:64]; θανάτῳ τελευτάτω, let him surely be put to death, [Mat 15:4]; [Mar 7:10], after [Exo 21:17] the Sept. (Hebrew יוּמָת מות); cf. Winers Grammar, § 44 at the end N. 3; (Buttmann, as above); θανάτου... σταυροῦ, [Phi 2:8]; ποιῶ θανάτῳ, by what kind of death, [Joh 12:33]; [Joh 18:32]; [Joh 21:19]. The inevitable necessity of dying, shared alike by all men, takes on in the popular imagination the form of a person, a tyrant, subjugating men to his power and confining them in his dark dominions: [Rom 6:9]; ([1Co 15:26]),[1Co 15:54],[1Co 15:56]; [Rev 21:4]; Hades is associated with him as his partner: [1Co 15:55] R G; [Rev 1:18] (on which see κλείς); [Rev 6:8]; ,(a) ([Psa 17:5]; [Psa 114:3]; [Hos 13:14]; Sir. 14:12).
2. metaphorically, the loss of that life which alone is worthy of the name, i. e. "the misery of soul arising from sin, which begins on earth but lasts and increases after the death of the body": [2Co 3:7]; [Jam 1:15] (Clement of Rome, 2 Cor. 1, 6 [ET] says of life before conversion to Christ, ὁ βίος ἡμῶν ὅλος ἄλλο οὐδέν ἦν εἰ μή θάνατος (cf. Philo, praem. et poenis § 12, and references in 4 below)); opposed to ἡ ζωή, [Rom 7:10], [Rom 7:13]; [2Co 2:16]; opposed to σωτηρία, [2Co 7:10]; equivalent to the cause of death, [Rom 7:13]; σῴζειν ψυχήν ἐκ θανάτου, [Jam 5:20]; μεταβεβηκέναι ἐκ τοῦ θανάτου εἰς τήν ζωήν, [Joh 5:24]; [1Jo 3:14]; μένειν ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ, [1Jo 3:14]; θεωρεῖν θάνατον, [Joh 8:51]; γεύεσθαι θανάτου, [Joh 8:52] (see 1 above); ἁμαρτία and ἁμαρτάνειν πρός θάνατον (see ἁμαρτία, 2 b.), [1Jo 5:16]f (in the rabbinical writers לָמוּת חֵטְא — after [Num 18:22], the Sept. ἁμαρτία θανατηφόρος — is acrimen capitale).
3. the miserable state of the wicked dead in hell is called — now simply θάνατος, [Rom 1:32] (Wis. 1:12f Wis. 2:24; Tatian or. ad Graec. c. 13; the author of the epistle ad Diognet. c. 10, 7 [ET] distinguishes between ὁ δοκῶν ἐνθάδε θάνατος, the death of the body, and ὁ ὄντως θάνατος, ὅς φυλάσσεται τοῖς κατακριθησομενοις εἰς τό πῦρ τό αἰώνιον); now ὁ δεύτερος θάνατος and ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος (as opposed to the former death, i. e. to that by which life on earth is ended), [Rev 2:11]; [Rev 20:6], [Rev 20:14]b; [Rev 21:8] (as in the Targums on [Deu 33:6]; [Psa 48:11]; [Isa 22:14]; [Isa 66:15]; (for the Greek use of the phrase cf. Plutarch, de fade in orbe lunae 27, 6, p. 942 f.); θάνατος αἰώνιος, the Epistle of Barnabas 20, 1 [ET] and in ecclesiastical writings (ὁ ἀΐδιος θάνατος, Philo, post. Cain. § 11 at the end; see also Wetstein on [Rev 2:11])).
4. In the widest sense, death comprises all the miseries arising from sin, as well physical death as the loss of a life consecrated to God and blessed in him on earth (Philo, alleg. legg. i. § 33 ὁ ψυχῆς θάνατος ἀρετῆς μέν φθορά ἐστι, κακίας δέ ἀνάληψις (de profug. § 21 θάνατος ψυχῆς ὁ μετά κακίας ἐστι βίος, especially §§ 10, 11; qued det. pot. insid. §§ 14, 15; de poster. Cain. § 21, and de praem. et poen. as in 2 above)), to be followed by wretchedness in the lower world (opposed to ζωή αἰώνιος): θάνατος seems to be so used in [Rom 5:12]; [Rom 6:16], [Rom 6:21] ([Rom 6:23]; yet others refer these last three examples to 3 above); [Rom 7:24]; [Rom 8:2], [Rom 8:6]; death, in this sense, is personified in [Rom 5:14], [Rom 5:17], [Rom 5:21]; [Rom 7:5]. Others, in all these passages as well as those cited under 2, understand physical death; but see Philippi on [Rom 5:12]; Messner, Lehre der Apostel, p. 210ff
θάνατος , - ου , ὁ
( θνήσκω ),
[in LXX chiefly for H4191, sometimes for H1698;]
death;
1. of the death of the body, whether natural or violent: [Joh 11:13], [Php 2:27], [Heb 7:23], al ; opp . to ζωή , [Rom 8:38], [Php 1:20]; of the death of Christ, [Rom 5:10], [Php 3:10], [Heb 2:9]; ῥυέσθαι ( σώζειν ) ἐκ θ ., [2Co 1:10], [Heb 5:7]; περίλυπος ἕως θανάτου , [Mat 26:38], [Mar 14:34]; μέχρι ( ἄχρι ) θ ., [Php 2:8], [Rev 2:10]; πληγὴ θανάτου , a deadly wound, [Rev 13:3]; ἰδεῖν θάνατον , [Luk 2:26], [Heb 11:5]; γεύεσθαι θανάτου , [Mar 9:1]; ἔνοχος θανάτου , [Mar 14:64]; θανάτῳ τελευτᾶν ([Exo 21:17], H4191), [Mar 7:10]; death personified, Rom 6:9 , [1Co 15:26], [Rev 21:4]; pl ., of deadly perils, [2Co 11:23].
2. Of spiritual death: [Joh 5:24]; [Joh 8:51], [Rom 7:10], [Jas 1:15]; [Jas 5:20], [1Jn 3:14]; [1Jn 5:16], a.; of eternal death, [Rom 1:32]; [Rom 7:5], al. ; ὁ θ . ὁ δεύτερος , [Rev 2:11]; [Rev 21:8] ( cf. Cremer , 283 ff .; DB, iii, 114 ff .; DCG, i, 791 f .).