ἔσχᾰτος, η, ον,

also ος, ον Arat. 625 (prob. fr. ἐκ, ἐξ, perh. eĝhz κατος (cf. ἐχθός) like ἔγ-κατα):

I

1. of Space, as always in Hom., farthest, uttermost, extreme, θάλαμος ἔ. the hindmost chamber, Od. 21.9; ἔσχατοι ἄλλων at the end of the lines, Il. 10.434, cf. 8.225; ἔσχατοι ἀνδρῶν, of the Aethiopians, Od. 1.23; οἰκέομεν..ἔσχατοι 6.205; ἐσχάτη τῶν οἰκεομένων ἡ Ἰνδική Hdt. 3.106, cf. Th. 2.96, etc.; τὸ ἔ. τῆς ἀγορᾶς X. HG 3.3.5; ὑπ’..ἐσχάτην στήλην S. El. 720; τάξις ἐ. the farthest part of the army, Id. Aj. 4: pl., ἔσχατα γαίης Hes. Th. 731; τὰ ἔ. τῶν στρατοπέδων Th. 4.96; ἐπ’ ἔσχατα χθονός S. Fr. 956; αἱ ἐπ’ ἔσχατα τοῦ ἄστεως οἰκίαι Th. 8.95; ἐξ ἐσχάτων ἐς ἔσχατα ἀπικέσθαι from end to end, Hdt. 7.100, cf. X. Vect. 1.6; παρ’ ἔσχατα λίμνης Pl. Phd. 113b, cf. Th. 3.106: - in various senses, uppermost, ἐ. πυρά S. El. 900; lowest, deepest, ἀΐδας Theoc. 16.52; ἅλς AP 13.27 (Phal.); innermost, σάρκες S. Tr. 1053; last, hindmost, ἤλαυνε δ’ ἔ. Id. El. 734; ἐπ’ ἐσχάτῳ at the close of a document, PTeb. 68.54 (ii B.C.), etc.

2. of Degree, uttermost, highest, τὸ ἔ. κορυφοῦται βασιλεῦσι Pi. O. 1.113; ἀνορέαι ἔ. Id. I. 4(3).11; σοφία Lib. Or. 59.88; of misfortunes, sufferings, etc., utmost, last, worst, πόνος, ἀδικία, κίνδυνοι, Pl. Phdr. 247b, R. 361a, Grg. 511d; ὀδύναι αἱ ἔ. Id. Prt. 354b; δῆμος ἔ. extreme democracy, Arist. Pol. 1296a2. Subst., τὸ ἔ., τὰ ἔ., the utmost, ἐς τὸ ἔ. κακοῦ ἀπιγμένοι Hdt. 8.52; τετρῦσθαι ἐς τὸ ἔ. κακοῦ Id. 1.22; without Art., ἐπ’ ἔσχατα βαίνεις S. OC 217 (lyr.); προβᾶσ’ ἐπ’ ἔσχατον θράσους Id. Ant. 853 (lyr.); ἐπ’ ἔ. ἐλθεῖν ἀηδίας Pl. Phdr. 240d, cf. R. 361d, etc.; ὃ πάντων κακῶν ἔσχατόν ἐστι, τοῦτο πάσχει Id. Phd. 83c; οἱ τὰ ἔ. πεποιηκότες X. Cyr. 8.8.2; ζημιοῦσθαι πᾶσι τοῖς ἐ., Lat. extremis suppliciis, Pl. Plt. 297e; ἔσχατ’ ἐσχάτων κακά worst of possible evils, S. Ph. 65, cf. Philem. 178; εἰς τὰ ἔ. ἐληλυθώς UPZ 60.12 (ii B.C.): Comp. οὔτε γὰρ τοῦ ἐσχάτου -ώτερον εἴη ἄν τι Arist. Metaph. 1055a20: Sup. -ώτατος f.l. in X. HG 2.3.49, cf. Phryn. 51; τὰ -ώτατα Phld. Hom. p.320.

3. of Persons, lowest, meanest, D.S. 8.18, D.C. 42.5, Alciphr. 3.43: prov., οὐδείς, οὐδ’ ὁ Μυσῶν ἔ., i.e. the meanest of mankind, Magnes 5, cf. Philem. 77; in Pl. Tht. 209b it seems to mean the remotest of mankind, cf. πρὸς ἐσχάτην Μυσῶν v.l. in App.Prov. 2.85 (παρὰ τοῖς ἐ. τῆς Μυσίας Apostol. 8.1); similarly οὐδὲ τὸν ἔσχατον Καρῶν Plu. 2.871b.

4. of Time, last, ἐς τὸ ἔ. to the end, Hdt. 7.107, Th. 3.46; ἔ. πλόος, ναυτιλίαι, the end of it, Pi. P. 10.28, N. 3.22; ἐσχάτας ὑπὲρ ῥίζας over the last scion of the race, S. Ant. 599 (lyr.); ἔ. Ἑλλήνων, Ῥωμαίων, Plu. Ph 1, Brut. 44: neut. ἔσχατον, as Adv., for the last time, S. OC 1550; finally, best of all, 1Co 15:8; at the latest, ἔ. ἐν τρισὶ μησίν SIG 1219.11 (Gambreion, iii B. C.), cf. Inscr.Prien. 4.45 (iv B. C.); εἰς τὴν ἐσχάτην at the last, LXX Ecc 1:11; ἐπ’ ἐσχάτῳ ib. 2 Ki. 24.25, al.: Subst. ἐσχάτη, ἡ, end, οὐχ ἕξεις ἐ. καλήν Astramps. Orac. 21.4, cf. 40.3.

5. in the Logic of Arist., τὰ ἔ. are the last or lowest species, Metaph. 1059b26, or individuals, ib.998b16, cf. AP 0.96b12, al.; τὸ ἔ. ἄτομον Metaph. 1058b10. ὁ ἔ. ὅρος the minor term of a syllogism, EN 1147b14. last step in geom. analysis or ultimate condition of action, τὸ ἔ. ἀρχὴ τῆς πράξεως de An. 433a16.

II

1. Adv. -τως to the uttermost, exceedingly, πῦρ ἐ. καίει Hp. de Arte 8; ἐ. διαμάχεσθαι Arist. HA 613a11; ἐ. φιλοπόλεμος X. An. 2.6.1; φοβοῦμαί σ’ ἐ. Men. 912, cf. Epicur. Ephesians 1 p.31U. -τως διακεῖσθαι to be at the last extremity, Plb. 1.24.2, D.S. 18.48; ἔχειν Mar 5:23; ἀπορεῖν Phld. Oec. p.72J.

2. so ἐς τὸ ἔ., = ἐσχάτως, Hdt. 7.229; εἰς τὰ ἔ. X. HG 5.4.33; εἰς τὰ ἔ. μάλα Id. Lac. 1.2; τὸ ἔ. finally, in the end, Pl. Grg. 473c; but, τὸ ἔ. what is worst of all, ib. 508d.

ἔσχατος eschatos 52x

    farthest; last, latest, Mat 12:45; Mar 12:6;

    lowest, Mat 19:30; Mat 20:16;

    in the lowest plight, 1Co 4:9 last

G2078 — ἔσχατος

ἐσχάτῃ, ἔσχατον (from ἔχω, ἔσχον adhering, clinging close; (according to others (Curtius, § 583 b.) superlative from ἐξ, the outermost)), the Sept. for אַחֲרון, אַחֲרִית; (from Homer down); extreme, last in time or in place;

1. joined to nouns: τόπος, the last in a series of places (A. V. lowest), Luk 14:9f; in a temporal succession, the last: ἔσχατος ἐχθρός, that remains after the rest have been conquered, 1Co 15:26; κοδράντης, that remains when the rest have one after another been spent, Mat 5:26; so λεπτόν, Luk 12:59; ἡ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγξ, the trumpet after which no other will sound, 1Co 15:52, cf. Meyer ad loc.; αἱ ἔσχαται πληγαί, Rev 15:1; Rev 21:9; ἡ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρα τῆς ἑορτῆς, Joh 7:37. When two are contrasted it is equivalent to the latter, opposed to ὁ πρῶτος the former (Deu 24:1-4): thus τά ἔργα (opposed to τῶν πρώτων), Rev 2:19; ἡ πλάνη, Mat 27:64 (where the meaning is, 'lest the latter deception, caused by the false story of his resurrection, do more harm than the former, which was about to produce belief in a false Messiah'); ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ, the latter Adam, i. e. the Messiah (see Ἀδάμ, 1), 1Co 15:45. ἡ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρα, the last day (of all days), denotes that with which the present age (הַזֶּה הָעולָם, see αἰών, 3) which precedes the times of the Messiah or the glorious return of Christ from heaven will be closed: Joh 6:39f, 44 (); Joh 11:24; . of the time nearest the return of Christ from heaven and the consummation of the divine kingdom, the following phrases are used: ἐσχάτῃ ὥρα, 1Jo 2:18; ἐν καιρῷ ἐσχάτῳ 1Pe 1:5; ἐν ἐσχάτῳ χρόνῳ, Jude 1:18 Rec., ἐπ' ἐσχάτου χρόνου Jude 1:10. Tr WH; ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις, Act 2:17; Jam 5:3; 2Ti 3:1; for other phrases of the sort see 2 a. below; ἐπ' ἐσχάτων τῶν χρόνων, 1Pe 1:20 R G, see below.

2. ὁ, ἡ, τό ἔσχατον absolutely or with the genitive,

a. of time: οἱ ἔσχατοι, who had come to work last, Mat 20:8, Mat 20:12,(14); the meaning of the saying ἔσονται πρῶτοι ἔσχατοι καί ἔσχατοι πρῶτοι is not always the same: in Luk 13:30 it signifies, those who were last invited to enter the divine kingdom will be first to enter when the opportunity comes, i. e. they will be admitted forthwith, while others, and those too who were first among the invited, will be shut out then as coming too late; in Mat 19:30; Mat 20:16 it means, the same portion in the future kingdom of God will through his goodness be assigned to those invited last as to those invited first, although the latter may think they deserve something better; cf. Mar 10:31. ὁ πρῶτος καί ὁ ἔσχατος i. e. the eternal, Rev 1:11 Rec., ; Rev 2:8; . ἔσχατος as a predicate joined to a verb adverbially (cf. Winer's Grammar, 131 (124); § 54, 2): Mar 12:6; ἐσχάτῃ (R G; but see below) πάντων ἀπέθανε, Mar 12:22. ἔσχατον, ἔσχατα, used substantively (cf. Buttmann, 94 (82) § 125, 6) in phrases, of the time immediately preceding Christ's return from heaven and the consummation of the divine kingdom: ἐπ' ἐσχάτου or ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν, Heb 1:2 (1); 2Pe 3:3 (the Epistle of Barnabas 16, 5 [ET]); τῶν χρόνων, 1Pe 1:20; ἐπ' ἐσχάτου τοῦ χρόνου, Jude 1:18 L T (see 1 above, and ἐπί, A. II. at the end), cf. Riehm, Lehrbegr. d. Hebrärbriefes, p. 205f τά ἔσχατα with the genitive of person the last state of one: Mat 12:45; Luk 11:26; 2Pe 2:20 (but without the genitive of person). Neuter ἔσχατον, adverb, lastly: (with the genitive of person, Mar 12:22 L T Tr WH); 1Co 15:8.

b. of space: τό ἔσχατον τῆς γῆς, the uttermost part, the end, of the earth, Act 1:8; Act 13:47.

c. of rank, grade of worth, last i. e. lowest: Mar 9:35; Joh 8:9 Rec.; 1Co 4:9.

ἔσχατος , - η , - ον ,

[in LXX chiefly for H319 H314;]

last, utmost, extreme;

(a) of place: of the lowest or least honoured place, Luk 14:9-10; τ . ἔσχατον , c . gen . part., Act 1:8; Act 13:47;

(b) of time: Mat 20:12; Mat 20:14, Mar 12:6; Mar 12:22, opp . to πρῶτος , Mat 20:8 , 1Co 15:45, Rev 2:19, al. ; τὰ ἔ . καὶ Τ . πρῶτα , Mat 12:45, Luk 11:26 , 2Pe 2:20; of the Eternal, ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔ ., Rev 1:17; Rev 2:8; Rev 22:13; in phrases relating to the Messianic age and the consummation of the Kingdom of God: ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάτ o υ (- ων ) τ . ἡμερῶν , Heb 1:2 , 2Pe 3:3; τ . χρόνων , 1Pe 1:20; ἔ . ὥρα , 1Jn 2:18; ἐπ᾿ ἐ . χόνου , Jud 1:18; ἐν ἐ . ἡμέραις , Act 2:17, Jas 5:3, 2Ti 3:1; neut., ἔσχατον , as adv. , Mar 12:22 , 1Co 15:8;

( c ) of rank: Mar 9:35, 1Co 4:9.

詞類次數：形容詞（54）

原文字根：末後 相當於：H314（אַחֲרֹון‎） H319（אַחֲרִית‎） H657（אֶפֶס‎ / אֹפֶס‎） H7097（קָצֶה‎ / קֵצֶה‎） H7350（רָחֹוק‎）

字義溯源：最遠的*，最後的，最少的，更遠的，最終的，盡頭的，極，少，較後的，在後的，後來的，儘末了，末後的，末次，末了，末；或源自（G2192（ἔχω）=持有*）

同源字：1）G2078（ἔσχατος）最遠的 2）G2079（ἐσχάτως）最後地

出現次數：總共（52）；太（10）；可（5）；路（6）；約（7）；徒（3）；林前（5）；提後（1）；來（1）；雅（1）；彼前（2）；彼後（2）；約壹（2）；猶（1）；啓（6）

譯字彙編：

1）末（10）路14:9；路14:10；約6:39；約6:40；約6:44；約6:54；約11:24；彼前1:5；約壹2:18；約壹2:18；

2）末後的（10）太12:45；可9:35；徒2:17；林前15:45；提後3:1；來1:2；雅5:3；啓1:17；啓2:8；啓22:13；

3）末後（7）可12:6；路11:26；林前4:9；彼前1:20；彼後2:20；啓2:19；啓21:9；

4）末了（5）可12:22；約7:37；林前15:8；彼後3:3；猶1:18；

5）在後的（5）太19:30；太19:30；太20:16；可10:31；路13:30；

6）後來的（4）太20:8；太20:12；太20:14；太27:64；

7）在後（3）太20:16；可10:31；路13:30；

8）最後（2）太5:26；路12:59；

9）極（2）徒1:8；徒13:47；

10）末了的（1）啓15:1；

11）末次（1）林前15:52；

12）少的（1）約8:9；

13）儘末了（1）林前15:26