H2015. haphak

הָפַךְ‎ verb turn, overturn (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic הֲפַךְ‎, , Arabic W^{SG 47}, Assyrian abâku, apâku Dl^W) —

Qal Perfect Lev 13:3 13t.; וְהָפַךְ‎ consecutive 2Kin 21:13; Job 34:25; 3masculine plural הָֽפְכוּ‎ Psa 78:9; הֲפַכְתֶּם‎ Amos 6:12; Jer 23:36, etc.; Imperfect יַהֲפֹךְ‎ Lam 3:3; Jer 13:23; וַיַּהֲפֹךְ‎ Gen 19:25 6t.; וַיַּהֲפָךְֿ‎ 1Sam 10:9; suffix וַיַּהַפְכֵהוּ‎ Judg 7:13; 3feminine singular וַתַּהֲפֹךְ‎2Chr 9:12; אֶהְמֹּךְ‎ Zeph 3:9; וַיַּהַפְכוּ‎ 1Sam 25:12; Job 12:15; Imperative הֲפֹךְ‎ 1Kin 22:34 2Chr 18:33; Infinitive absolute הָפוֺךְ‎ Prov 12:7; construct הֲפֹךְ‎ Gen 19:29; 1Chr 19:3; suffix הָפְכִּי‎ Gen 19:21; הָפְכָהּ‎ 2Sam 10:3; — on הַפְכְּכֶם‎ (so Baer, q. v.) Isa 29:16, see הֶפֶךְ‎; Participle active הֹפֵךְ‎ Amos 5:8; הַהֹפְכִי‎ Psa 114:8; plural הַהֹפְכִים‎ Amos 5:7; passive הֲפוּכָה‎ Hosea 7:8; Lam 4:6. — 1 transitive

a. turn, turn about, turn over, with accusative: e.g. turn the back (עֹרֶף‎) Josh 7:8 (JE); a dish (צַלַּחַת‎) עַלמָּֿנֶיהָ‎ 2Kin 21:13; the hand, & so the horses of a chariot 1Kin 22:34 2Chr 18:33; 2Kin 9:23; but also (followed by בְּ‎) of hostility Lam 3:3; turn a cake (passive) Hosea 7:8; of ׳ה בְּרוּרָה שָׂפָה ׳י,‎ Zeph 3:9 i.e. restore speech of a pure kind, followed by אֶלעַֿמִּים‎; אַחֵר לֵב‎ 1Sam 10:9 another heart, followed by לוֺ‎; turn a wind (רוּחַ‎; i.e. bring from different quarter) Exod 10:19 (J).

b. overturn, overthrow, followed by accusative Sodom, etc., Gen 19:21, 25, 29 (J), Deut 29:22; Jer 20:16; Lam 4:6 (compare וגו ׳מַהְמֵּכַת‎ Amos 4:11 see below; also הֲפֵכָה‎, [מַהְמֵּכָה‎]); city of Ammon 2Sam 10:3 = 1Chr 19:3 (object omitted); mountains Job 9:5; 28:9; throne Hag 2:22 (|| הִשְׁמִיד‎), chariots 2:22; tent (אֹהֶל‎), ׳ה לְמַ֫עְלָה‎ Judg 7:3; object earth (׳ה‎ = devastate) Job 12:15; wicked men Amos 4:11 (וְאֶתֿ אֶתסְֿדֹם אֱלֹהִים כְּמַהְמֵּכַת בָּכֶם הָפַכְּתִּי יֲמֹרָה‎) Prov 12:7; Job 34:25 (object omitted).

c. turn = change, transform (1) followed by accusative = alter; a colour (עֵינוֺ‎) Lev 13:55 (P); skin Jeremiah 13:33; bed (מִשְׁכָּבוֺ‎ see ׳מ‎; Che his lying down) Psa 41:4 i.e. restore to health; (2) pervert אֱלֹהִים דִבְרֵי‎ Jer 23:36; (3) followed by accusative with Infinitive Psa 105:25 he turned their heart to hate his people; (4) turn to, into, followed by two accusative Lev 13:10; Psa 114:8 rock into pool of water; usually followed by accusative + לְ‎, 66:6 sea into dry land, 78:44 rivers into blood, compare 105:29; Jer 31:13 mourning into joy, so Psa 30:12; Amos 5:7 justice into wormwood, compare 6:12; 8:10 feasts into mourning; Deut 23:6 = Neh 13:2 curse into blessing; Amos 5:8 death-shade into morning.

2 intransitive

a. turn, turn back, Judg 20:39, 41; 2Kin 5:26; Psa 78:9; 2Chr 9:12; followed by לדרך‎ 1Sam 25:12;

b. turn = change, change into, followed by predicate adjective ׳ה לָבָן‎ turn white Lev 13:3-4, 13, 20 (all P).

Niph`al Perfect נֶהְמַּךְ‎ Exod 7:15 10t.; נֶהְמָּ֑ךְ‎ Job 20:14; וְנֶהְמַּךְ‎ consecutive Lev 13:16; נֶהֶפְכָה‎ Lam 5:2-3;masculine plural נֶהְמְּכוּ‎ Job 19:19 3t., נֶהֶפְכוּ‎ 1Sam 4:19; Dan 10:16, וְנֶהֶפְכוּ‎ consecutive Exod 7:17; Isa 34:9, etc.; Imperfect יֵהָפֵךְ‎ 60:5; Joel 3:4; וַיֵּהָפֵךְ‎ Exod 14:5; Isa 63:10; 2masculine singular תֵּהָפֵךְ‎ Job 30:21; Ezek 4:8; וַיֵּהָֽפְכוּ‎ Exod 7:20; Infinitive absolute נַהֲפוֺךְ‎ Est 9:1; Participle נֶהְמָּךְ‎ Prov 17:20; נֶהְמָּ֑כֶת‎ Jonah 3:4; —

1 reflexive & intrans.

a. turn oneself, turn, turn back (compare Qal 2 a) Josh 8:20 (JE); turn aside Psa 78:57; turn from side to side Ezek 4:8; pains turned upon (עַל‎) her 1Sam 4:19 (i.e. came suddenly upon her) compare Dan 10:16; turn against followed by בְּ‎ Job 19:19; turn to (ward), followed by עַל‎, Isa 60:5 (|| לְ בא‎).

b. turn = change (oneself) followed by predicate adjective Lev 13:25 (P); followed by predicate noun (?), vine turns into degenerate plant Jer 2:21; no predicate expressed Job 20:14 (compare v^b); of heart turned in compassion Hosea 11:8 (|| נִחוּמָ֑י נִכְמְרוּ‎), in sorrow, distress, Lam 1:20; of heart changed, so as to be favourably disposed toward (followed by אֶל‎) Exod 14:5 (J) = change of mind; followed by לְ‎, of plague spots changing colour Lev 13:16-17, (P); rod changing to serpent Exod 7:15 (P); faces to paleness Jer 30:6; dance to mourning Lam 5:15; comeliness to corruption Dan 10:8; לְאוֺיֵב לָהֶם וַיֵּהָפֵךְ‎ Isa 63:10; Job 30:21.

c. be perverse, only participle used substantive בִּלְשׁוֺנוֺ נֶהְמָּךְ‎ Prov 17:20 he that is perverse with his tongue. 2 passive,

a. be turned, turned over to followed by לְ‎, an inheritance to strangers Lam 5:2.

b. be reversed Est 9:1.

c. be turned, changed, followed by לְ‎, waters into blood Exod 7:17, 20 (E); Saul into another man 1Sam 10:6; streams into pitch Isa 34:9; sun to darkness Joel 3:4; stones to chaff Job 41:20; month changed from sorrow to gladness Est 9:22; compare Psa 32:4 where complement omitted

d. be overturned, overthrown, of city Nineveh Jonah 3:4.

e. be upturned, of subterran. work of miners Job 28:5 = there is an upturning.

Hithpa`el Imperfect3feminine singular תִּתְהַמֵּךְ‎ Job 38:14; Participle מִתְהַמֵּךְ‎ Judg 7:13; Job 37:12; מִתְהַמֶּכֶת‎ Gen 3:24; — reflexive & intransitive:

1 turn this way & that, every way, of the flaming sword Gen 3:24 (J); storm-cloud Job 37:12; turn over & over Judg 7:13, of bread-cake tumbling into the host of Midian.

2 transform oneself, Job 38:14 of earth under rising dawn.

Hoph`al Perfect בַּלָּהוֺת עָלַי הָהְמַּךְ‎ Job 30:15 there have been turned upon me terrors (compare הִתְגַּלְגָּ֑לוּ‎ 30:14, of foes).

詞類次數：動詞（94）

原文字根：轉變；相當於G1624（ἐκτρέπω） G1994（ἐπιστρέφω） G2690（καταστρέφω） G2692（καταστροφή） G4762（στρέφω）

字義溯源：轉向*，向後轉，轉移，推翻，顛覆，變，轉，轉變，轉歸，傾倒，傾覆，翻臉，翻騰，毀滅，退後，輾輥，謬用。這字的使用，常常連於神的忿怒，就如所多瑪與蛾摩拉的罪惡甚重，惹動神的忿怒，將其顛覆（創19:20,21）

出現次數：總共（94）；創（4）；出（5）；利（9）；申（2）；書（2）；士（4）；撒上（4）；撒下（1）；王上（1）；王下（3）；代上（1）；代下（2）；尼（1）；斯（2）；伯（12）；詩（10）；箴（2）；賽（3）；耶（6）；哀（5）；結（1）；但（2）；何（2）；珥（1）；摩（5）；拿（1）；番（1）；該（2）

譯字彙編：

1）變（8）出14:5；利13:4；利13:10；利13:16；利13:20；利13:55；詩105:29；摩5:8；

2）傾覆（7）創19:21；創19:29；撒下10:3；代上19:3；伯12:15；箴12:7；耶20:16；

3）轉（4）代下9:12；斯9:22；哀3:3；但10:8；

4）傾倒（3）申29:23；伯28:9；伯34:25；

5）轉變（3）申23:5；尼13:2；哀5:15；

6）已變（2）利13:17；利13:25；

7）都變（2）出7:20；耶30:6；

8）我要傾覆（2）該2:22；該2:22；

9）（那）就被傾覆（1）哀4:6；

10）翻轉（1）哀1:20；

11）轉歸（1）哀5:2；

12）轉入（1）但10:16；

13）轉身退後（1）詩78:9；

14）輾轉你自己（1）結4:8；

15）因為你們謬用（1）耶23:36；

16）轉變為（1）耶2:21；

17）賣弄（1）箴17:20；

18）要轉變（1）賽34:9；

19）必轉來（1）賽60:5；

20）他就轉（1）賽63:10；

21）他們改變（1）詩78:57；

22）翻過的（1）何7:8；

23）改變（1）耶13:23；

24）你們卻轉（1）摩6:12；

25）他使⋯轉（1）詩105:25；

26）他把⋯都變（1）詩78:44；

27）他叫。..（那）變為（1）詩114:8；

28）因我要使⋯變（1）耶31:13；

29）我必使⋯變（1）摩8:10；

30）你們這些⋯變為（1）摩5:7；

31）你已將⋯變（1）詩30:11；

32）當⋯退（1）士20:39；

33）我傾覆（1）摩4:11；

34）要變（1）珥2:31；

35）他轉變（1）詩66:6；

36）必傾覆了（1）拿3:4；

37）他們既使⋯轉（1）書7:8；

38）轉用（1）番3:9；

39）回轉（1）何11:8；

40）使這地改變（1）伯38:14；

41）又轉身回來（1）士20:41；

42）就傾覆（1）士7:13；

43）猛然（1）撒上4:19；

44）你要轉變（1）撒上10:6；

45）就轉身（1）撒上25:12；

46）就給（1）撒上10:9；

47）輾輥（1）士7:13；

48）便轉身（1）書8:20；

49）曾變（1）出7:15；

50）他就毀滅（1）創19:25；

51）它就要變（1）出7:17；

52）就轉了（1）出10:19；

53）都變為（1）利13:13；

54）已經變（1）利13:3；

55）轉過（1）王上22:34；

56）轉回（1）王下5:26；

57）你轉變的（1）伯30:21；

58）臨（1）伯30:15；

59）旋轉（1）伯37:12；

60）四面轉動（1）創3:24；

61）轉乾（1）詩32:4；

62）牠看（1）伯41:28；

63）翻騰（1）伯28:5；

64）要轉變為（1）伯20:14；

65）倒扣（1）王下21:13；

66）就轉（1）王下9:23；

67）你轉（1）代下18:33；

68）反過來（1）斯9:1；

69）翻臉（1）伯19:19；

70）使其傾倒（1）伯9:5；

71）給他鋪（1）詩41:3