H1167. baal
I. בַּעַל166 noun masculine owner, lord (Phoenician בעל; Palmyrene id. husband Vog62 compare BaeRel 72 ff.; Assyrian bêlu1 with DlGram. Glossary; Arabic husband etc., see especially NöZMG 1886, 174, Sabean בעל CISiv. 1, 2) — [Gen 20:3] 92t.; suffix בַּעְלִּי [Hosea 2:18]; בַּעְלָּהּ [Deut 24:4-5]t.; plural בְּעָלִים [Judg 2:11] [17]t.; construct בַּעֲלֵי [Gen 14:13] 27t.; suffix בְּעָלָיו [Exod 21:29] [14]t.; בְּעָלֶיהָ [Job 31:39] [2]t.; בַּעְלֵּיהֶן [Est 1:17], [20]; — I.
1 owner (often plural with suffix in singular meaning): of ox [Exod 21:28-29], (twice in verse); [22:10]; [22:11]; [22:13]; [22:14] (E); ׳ב הבור of pit [21:34], [36] (E), of house [22:7] (E) [Judg 19:22-23], debt [Deut 15:2], the land [Job 31:39], the ass [Isa 1:3], goods [Eccl 5:10], riches [5:12]; ׳ב טוב one to whom good is due [Prov 3:27], gain [1:19]; ׳ב שׂכל one having understanding [16:22]; ׳ב השׁחד receiver of the gift [17:8].
2 husband [Gen 20:3]; [Exod 21:3], [22] (E) [Deut 22:22]; [24:4]; [2Sam 11:26]; [Joel 1:8]; [Prov 12:4]; [31:11], [23], [28]; [Est 1:17], [20]; בַּעְלִּי [Hosea 2:18] (my Baal, reference to the divine name used in the northern kingdom, here for the first time forbidden).
3 citizens, inhabitants: בַּעֲלֵי of Jericho [Josh 24:11] (E), of the high places of Arnon [Num 21:28] (E), of Shechem [Judg 9:2] [12]t., of the tower of Shechem [9:46-47], of the city [9:51], of Gibeah [20:5], of Keilah [1Sam 23:11-12], of Jabesh [2Sam 21:12].
4 rulers, lords: גוֺיִם בַּעֲלֵי [Isa 16:8].
5 n. of relation:
a. ׳ב ׃בַּעַל החלמות dreamer [Gen 37:19] (E); דברים ׳ב whosoever hath cases, complaints [Exod 24:14] (E); ׳ב שׂער an hairy man [2Kin 1:8]; ׳ב חמה wrathful [Nahum 1:2]; [Prov 29:22]; ׳ב אף one given to anger [22:24]; ׳ב החכמה one having wisdom [Eccl 7:12]; ׳ב משׁחית destroyer [Prov 18:9]; ׳ב כנף winged thing, bird [1:17]; [Eccl 10:20]; ׳ב נפשׁ one given to appetite [Prov 23:2]; ׳ב מזמות mischievous person [24:8]; ׳ב הלשׁון charmer [Eccl 10:11]; ׳ב רשׁע one given to wickedness [8:8]; ׳ב פיפיות double-edged [Isa 41:15]; ׳ב משׁפט adversary [50:8]; פקדת ׳ב captain of the ward [Jer 37:13]; ׳ב הקרנים two-horned [Dan 8:6], [20].
b. ׳בּ ׃בַּעֲלֵי בְּדִית confederates [Gen 14:13]; ׳ב חצים archers [49:23] (poetry); ׳ב הפרשׁים horsemen [2Sam 1:6]; ׳ב שׁבועה conspirators [Neh 6:18]; ׳ב אספות members of assemblies; or well-grouped sayings; or collectors (of wise sentences) [Eccl 12:11]. — On [2Sam 6:2] see II. בַּעֲלָה. (בַּעַל in Hexateuch not J or P; בעל [Lev 21:4] ᵐ5 ἐζάπινα = כבלּע [Num 4:20]: Di בְּאֵבֶל). Especially II. lord, specifically as divine name, Baal.
1 without article: בעל במות [Num 22:41] (poetry Balaam); פעור בעל [25:3], [5] (E) [Deut 4:3] (see below). This divine name is not used elsewhere in Hexateuch It probably originated from the sense of divine ownership, rather than sovereignty (RSSem 92). It seems to have been used in Northern Israel = אדון in the South. It was the special name of the God of the Canaanites, Philistines, etc., = Babylonian בֵּל, compare SchrSK 1874, 335 ff. In later times scribes substituted בּשֶׁת, in proper name (ירבשׁת = אשׁבשׁת ירבעל, = אשׁבעל, see בּשֶׁת, GeiZMG 1862, 728 ff.), & also in the text for בעל [Hosea 9:10]; [Jer 11:13] (hence ἡ βάαλ [2:23]; [7:9]; [11:13], [17]; [19:5]; [Hosea 2:10]; [13:1] +, [Rom 11:4], see DiBaal mit d. weib. Art1 Kel, MBA 1881, June 16 Dr [2Sam 4:4]).
2 with article: הַבַּעַל [Judg 2:13]; [6:25], [28], [30], [31], [32]; [1Kin 16:31-32], (twice in verse); [18:19], [21], [22], [25], [26] (twice in verse); [18:40]; [19:18]; 1 Kings 22:54; [2Kin 3:2]; [10:18-19], (twice in verse); [10:20-21], (3 t. in verse); [10:22-23], (3 t. in verse); [10:25-26], [27] (twice in verse); [10:28]; [11:18] (twice in verse); [17:16]; [21:3]; [23:4-5], [2Chr 23:17] (twice in verse); [Jer 2:8]; [7:9]; [11:13], [17]; [12:16]; [19:5] (twice in verse); [28:13]; Jeremiah 28:27; [32:29]; [32:35]; [Hosea 2:10]; [13:1]; [Zeph 1:4].
3 הַבְּעָלִים emphatic plural (compare האדונים האלהים,) the great lord, the sovereign owner [Judg 2:11]; [3:7]; [8:33]; [10:6], [10]; [1Sam 7:4]; [12:10]; [1Kin 18:18]; [2Chr 17:3]; [24:7]; [28:2]; [33:3]; [34:4]; [Jer 2:23]; [9:13]; [Hosea 2:15]; [2:19]; [11:2] (or local special Ba`als, see DrSm. p. 50; pillars of Baal MV).
4 with attributive: בְּרִית בַּעַל Lord of convenant [Judg 8:33]; [9:4] (compare ברית אל [9:46]; NöZMG 1888, 478); ׳ב זְבוּב Lord of flies [2Kin 1:2-3], [6], [16], Philistine god, ᵐ5 Βααλ μυῖαν (Beelzebub, [Matt 12:24]) compare BaeRel 25.
II. בַּ֫עַל 1. proper name, of a location city in the tribe of Simeon [1Chr 4:33] = בְּאֵר בַּעֲלַת.
2. proper name, masculine a. a Reubenite [1Chr 5:5];
b. a Gibeonite [1Chr 8:30]; [9:36].