ἄνθρωπος, ἡ, Att. crasis ἅνθρωπος, Ion. ὥνθρωπος, for ὁ ἄνθρ-: -

I

1. man, both as a generic term and of individuals, Hom. etc., opp. gods, ἀθανάτων τε θεῶν χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων τ’ ἀνθρώπων Il. 5.442, etc.; πρὸς ἠοίων ἢ ἑσπερίων ἀνθρώπων the men of the east or of the west, Od. 8.29; even of the dead in the Isles of the Blest, ib. 4.565; κόμπος οὐ κατ’ ἄνθρωπον A. Th. 425, cf. S. Aj. 761.

2. Pl. uses it both with and without the Art. to denote man generically, ὁ ἄ. θείας μετέσχε μοίρας Prt. 322a; οὕτω.. εὐδαιμονέστατος γίγνεται ἄ. R. 619b, al.; ὁ ἄ. the ideal man, humanity, ἀπώλεσας τὸν ἄ., οὐκ ἐπλήρωσας τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν Arr. Epict. 2.9.3.

3. in pl., mankind, ἀνθρώπων.. ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ γυναικῶν Il. 9.134; ἐν τῷ μακρῷ.. ἀνθρώπων χρόνψ S. Ph. 306; ἐξἀνθρώπων γίγνεσθαι depart this life, Paus. 4.26.5, cf. Philostr. VA 8.31. joined with a Sup. to increase its force, δεινότατον τῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἁπάντων D. 53.2; ὁ ἄριστος ἐν ἀνθρώποις ὄρτυξ the best quail in the world, Pl. Ly. 211e; freq. without a Pr, μάλιστα, ἥκιστα ἀνθρώπων, most or least of all, Hdt. 1.60, Pl. Lg. 629a, Prt. 361e; ἄριστά γ’ ἀ., ὀρθότατα ἀ., Id. Tht. 148b, 195b, etc. τὰ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων πράγματα ’all the trouble in the world’, ib. 170e; γραφὰς τὰς ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἐγράφετο Lys. 13.73; αἱ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων πληγαί Aeschin. 1.59; πάντα τὰ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων κακὰ ἔλεγε D.C. 57.23.

4. joined with another Subst., like ἀνήρ, ἄ. ὁδίτης Il. 16.263; πολίτας ἀ. D. 22.54; with names of nations, πόλις Μερόπων ἀνθρώπων h.Ap. 42; in Att. freq. in a contemptuous sense, ἄ. ὑπογραμματεύς, ἄ. γόης, ἄ. συκοφάντης, Lys. 30.28, Aeschin. 2.153,183; ἄ. ἀλαζών X. Mem. 1.7.2; ἄ. ὑφάντης Pl. Phd. 87b; Μενίππου, Καρός τινος ἀνθρώπου D. 21.175; ἄ. βασιλεύς Mat 22:2.

5. ἅνθρωπος or ὁ ἄνθρωπος alone, the man, the fellow, Pl. Prt. 314e, Phd. 117e; ὡς ἀστεῖος ὁ ἄ., with slight irony, ib. 116d, al.; with a sense of pity, D. 21.91.

6. in the voc. freq. in a contemptuous sense, as when addressed to slaves, etc., ἄνθρωπε or ὤνθρωπε sirrah! you sir! Hdt. 3.63, 8.125, and freq. in Pl., but in Trag. only S. Aj. 791, 1154; simply, brother, POxy. 215.1, Diog.Oen. 2.

7. slave, ἂν ἄ. ᾖ Philem. 22; ἄ. ἐμός Gal. 14.649; ὁ ἄ. τῆς ἁμαρτίας or ἀνομίας 2Th 2:3; ἄ. τοῦ Θεοῦ 1Ti 6:11; but τιθέναι τινὰ ἐν ἀνθρώποις make a man of, of a freed slave, Herod. 5.15.

8. ἄ. ἄ. any one, Hebraism in LXX Lev 17:3 (cf. ἀνήρ VI. 8); ἄ. like Germ. man ’one’, 1Co 4:1,al.

9. Medic., name of a plaster, ἡ διὰ σάνδυκος ἄ. καλουμένη Aët. 15.43.

II as fem., woman, Pi. P. 4.98, Hdt. 1.60, Isoc. 18.52, Arist. EN 1148b20; contemptuously, of female slaves, Antipho 1.17, Isa 6.20, etc.; with a sense of pity, D. 19.197. - Prop. opp. θηρίον, cf. ἀνήρ; but opp. γυνή, Aeschin. 3.137; ἀπὺ ἀνθρώπου ἕως γυναικός LXX 1Es 9:40, etc.

ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos 550x

    a human being, Joh 16:21; Php 2:7; an individual, Rom 3:28, et al. freq.; used also pleonastically with other words, Mat 11:19; et al.; met. the spiritual frame of the inner man, Rom 7:22; Eph 3:16; 1Pe 3:4 human being; humankind; man; mankind; person.

G444 — ἄνθρωπος

ἀνθρώπου, ὁ (perhaps from ἀνήρ and ὤψ, i. e. man's face: Curtius, § 422; Vanicek, p. 9. From Homer down); man. It is used

1. universally, with reference to the genus or nature, without distinction of sex, a human being, whether male or female: Joh 16:21. And in this sense a. with the article, generically, so as to include all human individuals: Mat 4:4 (ἐπ' ἄρτῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος); Mat 12:35 (ὁ ἀγαθός ἄνθρωπος every good person); Mat 15:11, Mat 15:18; Mar 2:27; Mar 7:15, Mar 7:18, Mar 7:20; Luk 4:4; Joh 2:25 (Winer's Grammar, § 18, 8); Joh 7:51; Rom 7:1, etc.

b. so that a man is distinguished from beings of a different race or order; α. from animals, plants, etc.: Luk 5:10; Mat 4:19; Mat 12:12; 2Pe 2:16; Rev 9:4, Rev 9:7, Rev 9:10, Rev 9:15, Rev 9:18; Rev 11:13, etc. (beta). from God, from Christ as divine, and from angels: Mat 10:32; Mat 19:6; Mar 10:9; Luk 2:15 (T WH omit; L Tr brackets) (opposed to angels); Joh 10:33; Act 10:26; Act 14:11; 1Th 2:13; Gal 1:10, Gal 1:12; 1Co 3:21; 1Co 7:23; Phi 2:7, Phi 2:7 (8); 1Ti 2:5; Heb 8:2; Heb 13:6; 1Pe 2:4, etc.

c. with the added notion of weakness, by which man is led into mistake or prompted to sin: οὐκ ἄνθρωποι; (R G σαρκικοί) ἐστε; 1Co 3:4; σοφία ἀνθρώπων, 1Co 2:5; ἀνθρώπων ἐπιθυμίαι, 1Pe 4:2; κατά ἄνθρωπον περιπατεῖτε ye conduct yourselves as men, 1Co 3:3; λαλεῖν or λέγειν κατά ἄνθρωπον, to speak according to human modes of thinking, 1Co 9:8; Rom 3:5; κατά ἄνθρωπον λέγω, I speak as a man to whom analogies from human affairs present themselves, while I illustrate divine things by an example drawn from ordinary human life, Gal 3:15; κατά ἄνθρωπον θηριομάχειν, as man is accustomed to fight, urged on by the desire of gain, honor and other earthly advantages, 1Co 15:32: οὐκ ἐστι κατά ἄνθρωπον is not accommodated to the opinions and desires of men, Gal 1:11; (for examples of κατά ἄνθρωπον in secular authors see Wetstein on Rom. as above); with the accessory notion of malignity: προσέχετε ἀπό τῶν ἀνθρώπων, Mat 10:17; εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων, Mat 17:22; Luk 9:44.

d. with the adjunct notion of contempt (as sometimes in Greek writings): Joh 5:12; the address ὦ ἄνθρωπε, or ἄνθρωπε, is one either of contempt and disdainful pity, Rom 9:20 (Plato, Gorgias, p. 452 b. σύ δέ... τίς εἰ, ὦ ἄνθρωπε), or of gentle rebuke, Luk 22:58, Luk 22:60. The word serves to suggest commiseration: ἴδε (T Tr WH ἰδού) ὁ ἄνθρωπος behold the man in question, maltreated, defenseless, Joh 19:5.

e. with a reference to the twofold nature of man. ὁ ἔσω and ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος, soul and body: Rom 7:22; Eph 3:16; 2Co 4:16, (Plato, rep. 9, 589 a. ὁ ἐντός ἄνθρωπος; Plotinus Enn. 5, 1, 10 ὁ εἴσω ἄνθρωπος; cf. Fritzsche on Romans, vol. ii., 61f. (Meyer on Romans, the passage cited; Ellicott on Ephesians, the passage cited)); ὁ κρυπτός τῆς καριδας ἀνθρ. 1Pe 3:4.

f. with a reference to the twofold moral condition of man, ὁ παλαιός (the corrupt) and ὁ καινός (ὁ νέος) ἄνθρωπος (the truly Christian man, conformed to the nature of God): Rom 6:6; Eph 2:15; Eph 4:22, Eph 4:24; Col 3:9f.

g. with a reference to the sex, (contextually) a male: Joh 7:22f.

2. indefinitely, without the article, ἄνθρωπος, a. someone, a (certain) man, when who he is either is not known or is not important: equivalent to τίς, Mat 17:14; Mat 21:28; Mat 22:11; Mar 12:1; Mar 14:13; Luk 5:18; Luk 13:19, etc. with the addition of τίς, Mat 18:12; Luk 10:30; Luk 14:2, Luk 14:16; Luk 15:11; Luk 16:1, Luk 16:19; Joh 5:5. in address, where the speaker either cannot or will not give the name, Luk 5:20; or where the writer addresses any and every reader, Rom 2:1, Rom 2:3.

b. where what is said holds of every man, so that ἄνθρωπος is equivalent to the German indefinite man, one: Rom 3:28; 1Co 4:1; 1Co 7:1; 1Co 11:28; Gal 2:16. So also where opposed to domesties, Mat 10:36; to a wife, Mat 19:10; to a father, Mat 10:35; to the master of a household, Luk 12:36f — in which passages many, confounding sense and signification, incorrectly say that the word ἄνθρωπος signifies father of a family, husband, son, servant.

3. in the plural οἱ ἄνθρωποι is sometimes (the) people, German dieLeute: Mat 5:13, Mat 5:16; Mat 6:5, Mat 6:18; Mat 8:27; Mat 16:13; Luk 11:44; Mar 8:24, Mar 8:27; Joh 4:28; οὐδείς ἀνθρώπων (nemohominum) no one, Mar 11:2; 1Ti 6:16.

4. It is joined a. to another substantive — a quasi-predicate of office, or employment, or characteristic — the idea of the predicate predominating (Winer's Grammar, § 59, 1): ἄνθρωπος ἔμπορος a merchant (-man), Mat 13:45 (WH text omits ἀνθρώπῳ); οἰκοδεσπότης, Mat 13:52; Mat 20:1; Mat 21:33; βασιλεύς, Mat 18:23; Mat 20:2; φάγος, Mat 11:19. (So in Hebrew סָרִיס אִישׁ a eunuch, Jer 38:7f, כֹּהֵן אִישׁ a priest, Lev 21:9; also in Greek writings: ἄνθρωπος ὁδίτης, Homer, Iliad 16, 263, elsewhere; cf. Matthiae, § 430, 6; (Krüger § 57, 1, 1); but in Attic this combination generally has a contemptuous force; cf. Bernhardy (1829), p. 48; in Latinhomogladiator, Cicero, epistles ad diversos 12, 22, 1).

b. to a gentile noun: ἄνθρωπον Κυρηναῖος, Mat 27:32; Κουδαιος, Act 21:39; Ῥωμαῖος, Act 16:37; Act 22:25 (according to the context, a Roman citizen).

5. ὁ ἄνθρωπος, with the article, the particular man under consideration, who he is being plain from the context: Mat 12:13; Mat 26:72; Mar 3:5; Luk 23:6; Joh 4:50. οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος, Luk 14:30; Joh 9:16, Joh 9:24 (L Tr marginal reading WH); ; ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος, Mar 14:71; Luk 23:4, Luk 23:14, Luk 23:47; Joh 9:24 (R G T Tr text): Joh 18:17; Act 6:13; Act 22:26; Act 26:31, Act 26:32. ὁ ἀνθωπος ἐκεῖνος, Mat 12:45; Mat 26:24; Mar 14:21.

6. Phrases: ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας (or with T Tr text WH text, τῆς ἀνομίας), 2Th 2:3, see ἁμαρτία, 1, p. 30f ἄνθρωπος τοῦ Θεοῦ a man devoted to the service of God, God's minister: 1Ti 6:11; 2Ti 3:17 (of the evangelists, the associates of the apostles); 2Pe 1:21 (of prophets, like אֱלֹהִים אִישׁ often in the O. T.; cf. Gesenius, Thesaurus i., p. 85). For ὁ υἱός τοῦ ἀνθρώπου and υἱοί τῶν ἀνθρώπων, see under υἱός.

ἀνθρωπος , - ου , ὁ ,

[in LXX chiefly for H120, H376, also for H582, etc.;]

man:

1. generically, a human being, male or female (Lat. homo): Joh 16:21; c . art., Mat 4:4; Mat 12:36, Mar 2:27, Joh 2:25, Rom 7:1, al. ; disting. from God, Mat 19:6, Joh 10:33, Col 3:23, al. ; from animals, etc., Mat 4:19, Luk 5:10, Rev 9:4, al. ; implying human frailty and imperfection, 1Co 3:4; σοφία ἀνθρώπων , 1Co 2:5; ἀνθρώπων ἐπιθυμίαι , 1Pe 4:2; κατὰ ἄνθρωπον περιπατεῖν , 1Co 3:3; κατὰ ἄ . λέγειν ( λαλεῖν ), Rom 3:5 , 1Co 9:8; κατὰ ἄ - λέγειν , Gal 3:16 ( cf. 1Co 15:32, Gal 1:11); by meton ., of man's nature or condition, ὁ ἔσω ( ἄξω ) ἄ ., Rom 7:22, Eph 3:16 , 2Co 4:16 ( cf. 1Pe 34); ὁ παλαιὸς , καινός , νέος ἄ ., Rom 6:6, Eph 2:15; Eph 4:22; Eph 4:24, Col 3:9-10; joined with another subst ., ἄ . ἔμπορος , a merchant, Mat 13:45 ( WH , txt . om . ἄ .); οἰκοδεσπότης , Mat 13:52; βασιλεύς , Mat 18:23; φάγος , Mat 11:19; with name of nation, Κυρηναῖος , Mat 27:32; Ἰουδαῖος , Act 21:39; Ῥωμαῖος , Act 16:37; pl. οἱ ἄ ., men, people: Mat 5:13; Mat 5:16, Mar 8:24, Joh 4:28; οὐδεὶς ἀνθρώπων , Mar 11:2 , 1Ti 6:16.

2. Indef., ἄ . = τις , some one, a man: Mat 17:14, Mar 12:1, al. ; τις ἄ ., Mat 18:12, Joh 5:5, al. ; indef . one (Fr. on), Rom 3:28, Gal 2:16, al. ; opp . to women, servants, etc., Mat 10:36; Mat 19:10, Joh 7:22-23

3. Definitely, c . art ., of some particular person; Mat 12:13 Mar 3:5, al. ; οὗτος ὁ ἄ ., Luk 14:30; ὁ ἄ οὗτο s, ἐκεῖνος , Mar 14:71, Mat 12:45; ὁ ἄ . τ . ἀνομίας , 2Th 2:3; ἄ . τ . θεοῦ (of Heb . H430 H376), 1Ti 6:11, 2Ti 3:17, 2Pe 1:21; ὁ υἱὸς τ o ῦ ἀ ., v.s . υἱός .

SYN.: ἀνήρ G435, q.v. (and cf. MM , VGT , 44; Cremer , 103, 635).

詞類次數：名詞（559）

原文字根：向上-歸回-觀看（者） 相當於：H120（אָדָם‎） H376（אִישׁ‎） H582（אֱנׄושׁ‎）

字義溯源：人類，儀表，人，男人，世人，人間，冑；由（G435（ἀνήρ）*=人）與（G5624（ὠφέλιμος）X*=容貌）組成；而G5624（ὠφέλιμος）X*出自（G3700（ὀπτάνομαι）*=注視）。從人類歷史看，神照著自己的形像造了人，使人可以和神來往。但當人犯罪後，就被趕離神的面，活在苦難，病痛，罪惡中。雖然人的良心仍指摘人，但人卻無能力行善；也無法尋求神，更不領會屬神的事。然而天父卻寶愛他所造的人類（太6:26; 10:31），到了時候，就差遣他的兒子來，為人類的罪付上贖價，並把他復活的生命賜給人，使人成為新人，可以重新和神交通。到那日，我們這必朽壞的（身體）也要變成不朽壞的（林前15:50-54）。參讀G435（ἀνήρ）同義字，同源字

出現次數：總共（559）；太（118）；可（56）；路（100）；約（59）；徒（47）；羅（26）；林前（31）；林後（8）；加（14）；弗（9）；腓（3）；西（7）；帖前（5）；帖後（2）；提前（10）；提後（5）；多（5）；來（10）；雅（8）；彼前（5）；彼後（4）；約壹（1）；猶（1）；啓（25）

譯字彙編：

1）人（445）數量太多，不能盡錄；

2）人的（30）太12:31；太16:23；太22:16；太23:4；可1:17；可7:7；可12:14；路7:8；路9:56；徒4:9；徒12:22；徒17:25；林前2:5；林前2:9；林前7:23；林後4:2；加1:10；加1:10；腓2:8；帖前2:6；帖前2:13；提前4:10；多1:14；彼前4:2；彼後2:16；啓4:7；啓9:5；啓9:7；啓13:18；啓21:17；

3）一個人（24）太9:9；太17:14；太18:23；太21:28；太25:14；可1:23；可3:1；可4:26；可13:34；路2:25；路4:33；路5:18；路6:6；路6:48；路6:49；路12:36；路22:10；約1:6；約3:1；約7:23；約9:1；約9:11；約10:33；徒10:26；

4）一人（6）太12:10；可14:13；約16:21；林前15:21；林前15:21；提前6:16；

5）一個⋯人（5）太20:1；太27:57；路7:34；徒6:5；林後12:2；

6）世人（4）路18:2；路18:4；林前3:3；林前3:4；

7）人間（4）太21:25；太21:26；來5:1；啓14:4；

8）人阿（3）路12:14；路22:58；路22:60；

9）的人（3）太8:9；太11:8；徒17:26；

10）一個（2）太21:33；太22:2；

11）給人（2）約7:22；西3:23；

12）對人（2）林前14:2；林前14:3；

13）主（2）路16:1；路16:19；

14）有人（2）路20:9；加6:1；

15）有一個人（2）可12:1；約4:29；

16）眾人（1）弗4:8；

17）人間的（1）提前2:5；

18）屬於人（1）加3:15；

19）一個⋯的人（1）太11:19；

20）為人的（1）提前2:5；

21）這些人（1）提後3:8；

22）由人（1）來8:2；

23）人類（1）啓9:15；

24）有一個⋯人（1）可5:2；

25）為人（1）林前7:26；

26）人!（1）約19:5；

27）這人阿（1）路5:20；

28）冑（1）路19:12；

29）有一人（1）太22:11；

30）將人的（1）太15:9；

31）得人的（1）太4:19；

32）人民（1）徒4:13；

33）人，（1）徒4:17；

34）給世人（1）林前4:9；

35）這人（1）羅7:24；

36）人之（1）羅2:9；

37）照人的（1）徒17:29；

38）男人（1）林前7:1