H7592. shaal
שָׁאַל verb ask, inquire (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian ša°âlu, Arabic , Ethiopic Sabean מסאל request petition, HomChrest.124 Levy-OsZMG xix(1865), 165; Aramaic , שְׁאֵיל; Old Aramaic Zinjirli שאל Ldzb371, Nabataean Hiph`il lend Idib.; — on ׳שׁ compare JastrJBL xix (1900), 82 ff.); —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular׳שׁ [Judg 5:25] +, שָׁאָ֑ל [8:26] [2]t.; consecutive לוֺ וְשָׁ֫אַל [Num 27:21]; suffix וּשְׁאֵלְךָ consecutive [Gen 32:18] (Ges§ 64f), וּשְׁאֵלֵךְ consecutive [Judg 4:20]; [1]singular suffix שְׁאִלְתִּיו [1Sam 1:20], שְׁאִלְתִּיהוּ [Judg 13:16]; [3]plural suffix שְׁאֵלוּנוּ [Psa 137:3]; [2]masculine plural שְׁאֶלְתֶּם [1Sam 12:13] (strike out ᵐ5 Th We Dr and most), [Job 21:29], וּשְׁאֶלָתֶּםֿ consecutive [1Sam 25:5], etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׁאַל [Exod 22:13] + ,etc.; Imperative שְׁאַל [Isa 7:11] +, שְׁאָלוּנִי [45:11] ( < תִּשְׁאְֵלוּנִי Weir Che and others), etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁאוֺל [Gen 43:7] +; construct לִשְׁאֹל [Judg 1:14] +, etc.; Participle active שֹׁאֵל [2Sam 3:13] +, feminine singular שֹׁאֶלֶת [1Kin 2:20], [22], masculine plural הַשֹּׁאֲלִים [1Sam 8:10]; passive שָׁאוּל [1:28]; [2Kin 6:5]; —
1. a. ask, ask for, accusative of thing (or person) [Judg 5:25]; [8:26]; [1Kin 3:10]; [Psa 122:6] (= pray for) +; ׳שׁ לָמוּת אֶתנַֿפְשׁוֺ [1Kin 19:4]; [Jonah 4:8], i. e. pray for death, but [Job 31:30] demand the life of another בְּאָלָה by a curse; with ל person [1Kin 2:22] (twice in verse) + (ל person reflexive) [1Sam 12:17], [19] +; with מִן person [Judg 8:24] (accusative of congnate meaning with verb), [Ezra 8:22]; [Zech 10:1]+; followed by infinitive [1Kin 3:11]; followed by clause ׳שׁ אֶתֶּןלָֽֿךְ׃ מָה [3:5] [2Chr 1:7], compare [2Kin 2:9]; with accusative + מֵאֵת person [1Sam 8:10]; [Psa 27:4](from ׳י) +; + מֵעִם person [Isa 7:11] (from ׳י) +; with accusative of person (from whom) + of thing [Psa 137:3]; accusative omitted [Isa 7:12]; [1Sam 12:20]; [1Kin 2:20], with מִן person [Psa 2:8]; absolute [Micah 7:3]; [Psa 105:40] (of prayer); לִשְׁאוֺל הִקְשִׁיתָ [2Kin 2:10], i.e. thou hast asked for a difficult thing. — [1Sam 2:20] see
Hiph`il b. specifically ask as a favour, for temporary use, i.e. borrow (compare לָוָה, as matter of business, see Bu[1Sam 1:28]), [Exod 22:13] (E; accusative of thing + מֵעִם person), [2Kin 4:3] (accusative of thing + מִן of source + ל person reflexive), [6:5] (passive participle absolute); so also (according to many), with accusative of thing [Exod 3:22]( + מִן person), [11:2]; [12:35] (both + מֵאֵת person; all E), — it is, however, not clear that there was any pretext of mere temporary use; passive participle לי ׳שָׁאוּל [1Sam 1:28] (lent, granted,) made over to ׳י (in effect passive of Hiph`il, q. v.).
c. in weakened sense, seek, desire (late), with accusative [2Chr 11:23]; [Eccl 2:10] (subject עֵינַי); [Prov 20:4] in harvest he shall look [for a crop], וָאָ֑יִן and there shall be none.
2. a. inquire of, with accusative of person + לֵאמֹר before inquiry [Gen 32:18] (E), [44:19] (J) +; with וְאָמַר [Judg 4:20], וַיּאִמֶר, etc., [Gen 24:47](J), [Jer 37:13]; followed by וְאָמַר without accusative of person [Gen 32:30] (J), compare [1Sam 19:22], followed by לֵאמֹר [Josh 4:6] (JE); with accusative of person + עַל of thing [Neh 1:2]; עַל of thing alone, [Eccl 7:10] ( + מֵחָכְמָה, i. e. prompted by wisdom); with accusative of person + of thing (about which) [2Sam 14:18]; [Isa 45:11] [4]t.; accusative of person + indirect question [Judg 13:6]; with accusative of person only, [8:14]; [1Sam 25:8]; [Deut 32:7] +, inquire of beasts (accusative) [Job 12:7]; with accusative of thing only, [Jer 50:5]; with ל person = accusative [2Kin 8:6] (KöSynt. § 289 h); with ל of thing about which [Gen 26:7] (J), [32:30] (J), [Judg 13:18]; [2Sam 11:7]; [Jer 6:16]; [Job 8:8], also ( + לאמר before the inquiry) [Gen 43:7] (J), and (followed by direct question) [Deut 4:32]; with ל person about whom, [Gen 43:27] (J), compare phrase of greeting, ׳שׁ לְשָׁלוֺם לְרֵעֵהוּ אִישׁ [Exod 18:7] (E) ask each for (or about) his fellow as to welfare, compare [Judg 18:15]; [1Sam 10:4]; [17:22]; [25:5]; [30:21] [read ᵑ6 ᵐ5 לוֺ וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ We Dr HPS Bu] [2Sam 8:10]; [Jer 15:5]; [1Chr 18:10]; followed by direct question only, [1Sam 17:56]; [Jer 18:13] (with ב location), followed by indirect question only (c.אִם) [30:6]; ׳פ ׳שׁ אֶתמִּֿי [Gen 24:57](J); absolute make inquiry [Deut 13:15] ( + חָקַר דָּרַשׁ,).
b. inquire of, consult, deity, oracle, etc. (JastrJBL xix (1900) 88 ff.), followed by accusative י ׳מִּי [Josh 9:14] (JE), [Isa 30:2] ׳י [65:1] (|| בִּקֵּשׁ); elsewhere in Hexateuch only (accusative omitted), [Num 27:21] (P; with ל person for whom, + ב instrumental), compare [Josh 19:50]; also ׳שׁ אוֺב [Deut 18:11] (participle as substantive; JägerBAS ii. 292 compare Assyrian maššaku ša šâ°ili, i. e. skin-vessel of the oracle-seeker, compare JastrJBL xix (1900), 96 ff.); with accusative of human agent [1Sam 28:16]; [Jer 38:14], [27]; usually (ancient usage, chiefly Judges, Samuel) ׳שׁ ׳בי לֵאמֹר (בְּ perhaps originally local, so GFM, or instrumental), [Judg 1:1]; [20:23]; [1Sam 23:2]; [30:8]; [2Sam 2:1]; [5:19] = [1Chr 14:10]; לֵאמֹר omitted [1Sam 10:22] (followed by direct question), [22:10] (ל person for whom), [23:4]; [28:6]; [2Sam 5:23] = [1Chr 14:14]; [Judg 20:27]; ׳שׁ בֵּאלֹהִים [18:5]; [20:18]; [1Sam 14:37]; (followed by direct question), also (ל person for whom), [22:13], [15]; הָא ׳בִּדְבַר ׳שׁ [2Sam 16:23]; likewise ׳שׁ בְּעֵצוֺ [Hosea 4:12] (i.e. his idol), בַּתְּרָפִים [Ezek 21:26], בָּאוֺב [1Chr 10:13]; perhaps = receive as oracle [Deut 18:16] (י ׳מֵעִם, Jastrl.c.
Niph`al ask for oneself (Ges§ 51e), specifically ask leave of absence, with מִן person: Perfect3masculine singular + Infinitive absolute נִשְׁאַל נִשְׁאֹל [1Sam 20:6] (followed by infinitive), [20:28] (followed by עַד; ? insert ל infinitive HPS); Perfect1singular מִןהַֿמֶּלֶךְ נִשְׁאַלְתִּי [Neh 13:6] (absolute).
Pi`el 1. inquire carefully: Imperfect3masculine plural +
Qal Infinitive absolute יְשָֽׁאֲלוּ שָׁאוֺל [2Sam 20:18] (Bu proposes
Qal Imperfect יִשְׁאֲלוּ), with ב location; on following context see We Dr HPS Bu.
2 beg, practise beggary, ,Perfect3plural וְשִׁאֵ֑לוּ (consecutive) [Psa 109:10].
Hiph`il (properly let one ask [successfully], give, or lend, on request, then) grant, make over to (as a favour, with or without request): Perfect1singular suffix ׳לי הִשְׁאִלְתִּהוּ [1Sam 1:28] I have made him over to ׳י (compare Dr HPS Bu and
Qal Passive participle, ib.); perhaps also read 3 feminine singular לי ׳הִשְׁאִילָה [1Sam 2:20] (whom) she hath made over to ׳י (for לי ׳שָׁאַל) Bu HPS (after ᵐ5. in part; other conjectures in Dr); Imperfect3masculine plural suffix of thing וַיַּשְׁאִלוּם [Exod 12:36] (E) and they handed them over.
שְׁאֵל verb ask (see Biblical Hebrew); —
Pe`al Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׁ [Dan 2:10]; plural שְׁאֵ֫לְנָא [Ezra 5:9-10], Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יִשְׁאֲלֶנְכוֺ [7:21]; Participle active שָׁאֵל [Dan 2:11], [27]; —
1 ask for, request, accusative of thing [Dan 2:10] (ל person), [2:11]; [2:27]; [Ezra 7:21] (suffix person).
2 inquire about, for, accusative of thing [Ezra 5:9] (ל person); followed by oratio recta [direct speech] [5:10] (id.).