H2403. chatta
'ah חַטָּאת noun feminine[1Sam 14:38] ([Gen 4:7] no exception for רֹבֵץ is noun = crouching beast) sin, sin-offering, ׳ח [4:7] 124t.; לְחַטָּ֯ת [Num 15:24] (text error for. לחטאת), לְחַטַּאת [Zech 13:1] (but read לְחַטָּאת StaZAW i. 35); construct חַטַּאת [Exod 30:10] [19]t.; suffix חַטָּאתִי [Gen 31:36] [16]t.; חַטָּאתֹיו֯ [1Kin 16:26], חַטַּאתְכֶם [Exod 32:30] [3]t.; etc., + 52 t. suffix; plural חַטָּאוֺת [2Kin 12:17] [3]t.; construct חַטּאֹות [Psa 25:7] [17]t.; חַטּאֹת [Num 5:6] [6]t.; suffix חַטּאֹותָ֑י [Psa 25:18]; חַטּאֹתָו֯ [Ezek 18:21]; [33:16], etc., + 40 t. suffix; —
1 sin:
a. against man [Gen 31:36]; [50:17] (E), [Num 12:11] (J) [1Sam 20:1]; ׳ח אדם sins against man [Num 5:6] (P). Elsewhere
b. against God [Lev 4:14], [23], [28] (P), [1Sam 2:17]; [14:38]; [1Kin 16:13] (twice in verse); [2Kin 21:16]; [21:17]; [2Chr 33:19]; [Isa 3:9]; [30:1]; [58:1]; [59:2]; [59:12]; [16:10]; Isaiah 16:18; [30:14]; [30:15]; Isaiah 50:20; [Lam 4:6], [22]; [Ezek 16:51]; [18:14]; [21:29]; [33:10], [16]; [Amos 5:12] (We Kl. Proph. reads חטאיכם), as [Isa 1:18] — see חֵטא — on accusative of masculine עצומים), [Micah 1:13]; [3:8]; [Psa 32:5]; [51:5]; [59:4]; [Prov 5:22]; [13:6]; [14:34]; [21:4]; [24:9]; [Job 13:23]; Job 14:23; [Dan 9:20] (twice in verse); ׳ח נעורי sins of my youth [Psa 25:7]; ח בטני ׳פרי נפשׁי [Micah 6:7] fruit of my body (my child as an offering) for the sin of myself; sin of divination [1Sam 15:23]; of the mouth [Psa 59:13]; ׳ח יאכלו עמי [Hosea 4:8] the sin of my people they eat (gain their daily food by means of it, compare We; ᵑ7 Hi Or and others sin-offering, but this not elsewhere in early prophets, and || עָוֺן against it, see WeProl. 3. 76); רבץ חטאת לפתח [Gen 4:7] (J) at the door (of Cain) sin is a crouching beast; sin of the people is embodied in the golden calf [Deut 9:21]; and the high places of Beath Aven [Hosea 10:8]; with בְּ on the ground of sin [Neh 9:37]; for sin [Micah 1:5]; [2Kin 24:3]; [Isa 40:2]; [Jer 15:13]; [17:3]; [Ezek 16:52]; with or by sin [1Kin 14:22]; [16:2]; [Isa 43:24]; בח ׳הלך walk in sin [1Kin 15:3], [26], [34]; [16:19], [26], [31]; [2Kin 17:22]; בח ׳דבק cleave unto sin [3:3]; with עַל on account of sin [Deut 9:18]; [1Kin 15:30]; [16:19]; [Micah 6:13]; for sin [Lev 4:3], [28], [35]; [5:6], [13] (P) [19:22]; [26:18], [24], [28] (H); ח על ׳יסף add unto sin [1Sam 12:19]; [2Chr 28:13]; [Isa 30:1]; [Job 34:37]; with כְּ according to sin [Lev 26:21]; with לְ to or for sin [16:16], [21]; [Deut 19:15]; [1Kin 12:30]; [13:34]; [Prov 10:16]; [Zech 13:1]; with מִן because of sin [Lev 4:26]; [5:6], [10]; [16:34] (P), [19:22] (H), [Lam 4:13]; more than sin [Job 35:3]; מֵחַטָּאתִי טָהַרְתִּי I am clean from my sin [Prov 20:9]; ח ׳מגני because of sin [Psa 38:4]; ח ׳בגלל because of sin [1Kin 14:16]; ח ׳אחר הלך walk after sin [2Kin 13:2].
c. men should return from sin מִן שׁוּב [1Kin 8:35] [2Chr 6:26]; [Ezek 18:21]; [33:14]; depart from it מֵעַל סוּר [2Kin 10:31]; [15:18]; מן סוּר [13:6], [11]; [14:24]; [15:9], [24], [28]; be concerned about מן דאג [Psa 38:19]; confess ח ׳הִתְוַדָּה [Num 5:7] (P); ה על ׳התודה [Neh 1:6]; [9:2].
d. God deals with sin: (1) he visits punishment upon it (על) פקד [Exod 32:34] (JE) [Hosea 8:13]; [9:9]; [Jer 14:10]; inquires after it ל דרשׁ [Job 10:6]; watches over it על שׁמר [14:16]; hoards it up [Hosea 13:12]; -2by forgiveness: ה ׳נשׂא [Exod 10:17]; [32:32] (JE), [1Sam 15:25]; ח עון ׳נשׂא [Psa 32:5]; לח ׳נשׂא [Josh 24:19] (E), [Psa 25:18]; pardon לח ׳סלח [Exod 34:9] (JE) [1Kin 8:34], [36]; [2Chr 6:25], [27]; [7:14]; [Jer 36:3]; removal הסר [Isa 27:9]; העביר [2Sam 12:13]; casting into the depths of the sea [Micah 7:19]; -3by covering over, making atonement for תְּכֻמָּ֑ר חַטָּֽאתְךָ [Isa 6:7] thy sin shall be covered over; actively, ח עַל ׳כמּר [Psa 79:9]; ח ׳כסּה [85:3] (compare חֲטָאָה כְּסוּי [32:1]); ח ׳לְהָתֵם (Qr) make an end of sins [Dan 9:24]; -4by blotting out ח ׳מחה [Isa 44:22]; [Jer 18:23]; [Psa 109:14]; Nehemiah 3:37; cleanse from sin מח ׳טַהֲרֵנִי [51:4]; לח ׳מקוֺר a fountain for sin [Zech 13:1]; -5by not remembering it ח זכר ׳לא [Isa 43:25]; ׳לח זכר לא [Jer 31:34]; אֶלחַֿטָאתוֺ אַלתֵּֿפֶן [Deut 9:27] look not unto his sin.
e. atonement may be secured for, ח בעד ׳כמּר [Exod 32:30] (J E; Moses, by his intercession).
f. according to P (H) the priest is to make atonement for a person (על כמּר) by sin-offering or trespass-offering; ׳מח because of sin [Lev 4:26]; [5:6], [10]; [16:34]; ח ׳על [4:35]; [5:13] (all P), [19:22] (H; see Wecompare, 59 = JBTh xxii, 427), so that the man is clean from sin מח ׳טהר [16:30].
2 condition of sin, guilt of sin [Gen 18:20]; [Num 16:26]; [32:23] (J), [Ezek 3:20]; [18:24], מִוְבְּחוֺתֵיכֶם וּלְקַרְנוֺת ׳ח לִבָּם עַללֿוּחַ חֲרוּשָׁה יְהוּדָה the sin (guilt) of Judah is graven upon the table of their hear, and upon the horns of your altars [Jer 17:1].
3 punishment for sin: ח תִּהְיֶה ׳זֹאת וח ׳מִצְרָ֑יִם כָלהַֿגּוֺיִם [Zech 14:19] this will be the punishment for sin of Egypt and the punishment for sin of all nations (the plague with which Yahweh will smite them).
4 sin-offering: one of the kinds of offerings of P, [Lev 7:37]; first in the history [2Kin 12:17] (reign of Jehoash), where חטּאת of money given to priests; elsewhere only in Chronicles: [2Chr 29:21], [23], [24] Hezekiah had made a ׳ח of 7 עִזִּים צְפִירֵי at purification of temple; [Ezra 8:35]; [12]׳ח צְפִירֵי were offered; [Neh 10:34] ׳ח || עולות; — in these no evidence of special ritual. Sin-offering elsewhere only in codes of H Ezekiel and P. — On [Hosea 4:8] see
1 above In H, [Lev 23:19] a עזים שׂעיר, for feast of weeks. In Ezekiel ׳ח in General || other sacrifices, [Ezek 40:39]; [45:17], [25]; [46:20]; and priests eat them [42:13]; [44:29]. At dedication of altar, the blood of a young bullock was to be applied to horns of altar, the corners of its settle and its border, the bullock itself burnt without the sanctuary; for each of the 7 days following a עזים שׂעיר was to be offered [43:19], [21], [22], [25]. On first day of first month a young bullock was to offered to cleanse the sanctuary: its blood put on the door posts of the house and of the gate of the inner court an on the four corners of the settle of the altar; also on the seventh day (ᵐ5 first day of seventh month) [45:17], [19] (compare [45:18]; [45:20]). On 14th day of first month the prince was to offer a bullock for himself and the people and on each of the 7 days of the Passover week a עזים שׂעיר [45:22-23],. When a priest entered the sanctuary to minister after his cleaning he was to offer his sin-offering [44:27]. P gives several grades:
a. a ruler should offer a he-goat [Lev 4:24-25], [Num 7:16], [22], [28], [34], [40], [46], [52], [58], [64], [70], 76, 82, 87; an ordinary person a she-goat [Lev 4:29] (compare [4:28]) [5:6]; [Num 15:27], ewe lamb [Lev 4:32-33], (twice in verse); [4:34]; [14:19]; [Num 6:14], [16], a turtle dove or young pigeon [Lev 5:7-8], [9] (twice in verse); [12:6], [8]; [14:22], [31]; [15:15], [30]; [Num 6:11], or one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour [Lev 5:11] (twice in verse); [5:12]; according to ability of the person, and nature of offence. The victim was brought unto the tent of meeting, the hands of the offerer laid on its head, it was slaughtered by the offerer, the priest took some of the blood and put it on horns of altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the blood he poured out at the base of it, to cover over the sin, or cleanse the altar from the sin defiling it. All the fat pieces (compare [4:22], [35]) and a handful of the flour (compare [5:12]) were burned on altar. The rest of the flesh and the flour were eaten by priests in court of Holy place [5:13]; [6:10]; [6:18] (twice in verse); [6:23] (compare [6:11]; [6:19]), [7:7]; [10:16-17], [19] (twice in verse); [14:13]; [Num 18:9].
b. a bullock was offered for priests [Exod 29:14], [36]; [Lev 4:3], [8], [20]; [8:2], [14] (twice in verse); [9:2], [7], [8], [10]; for Levites at their installation [Num 8:8], [12] and for whole congregation [Lev 4:14], [21]; but usually offering for congregation was he-goat [Num 15:24-25], especially at dedication of altar [Lev 9:3], [15], [22]. and in ritual of feasts [Num 28:15], [22], [30]; [29:5], [11], [16], [19], [22], [25], [28], [31], [34], [38]. Before consecration of the tabernacle the blood went to altar of burnt-offering ([Lev 9:9]), but subsequently some of it was sprinkled seven times before the vail and some of it put on horns of altar of incense to cleanse this higher altar; the fast pieces were burned on altar of burnt-offering, and the rest of the victim burned without the camp ([4:3-21]; [6:23]; [8:16-17], [9:10-11],).
c. on day of atonement, sin-offering for high priest was a bullock [Lev 16:3], [6]; and for congregation two he-goats, one לַעֲזָאזֵל (see עזאזל) [16:5] (compare [16:8]; [16:10]; [16:20]; [16:22]), the other for sacrifice ליהוה [16:9] (compare [16:8]). Some of the blood of Aaron's bullock was first taken into innermost sanctuary and sprinkled on the כפרת and seven times before it; so also blood of the he-goat [16:11] (twice in verse); [16:15] (compare [16:12-14]; [16:16]; [16:17]) to cleanse highest altar: then the blood of the two victims was applied to lower altars as in a and b and so sin was covered over at the three altars [Exod 30:10] (compare [Lev 16:16-19]). The fat pieces went to altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the victims was burnt without the camp [16:25], [27] (twice in verse). (Sins which might be covered over were limited to those committed בשׁגגה [4:2], [22], [27]; [Num 15:27], לשׁגגה [15:24], minor offences [Lev 5:1-6]; and ceremonial uncleanness [12:6], [8]; [14:13]; [15:15]; [Num 6:11], [14].) — Pharses for sacrificing are: ח ׳עשׂה [Lev 9:7], [22]; [14:19]; [Num 6:16]; [Ezek 45:17], ח ׳הקריב [Lev 10:19]; [Ezek 44:27], ח ׳שׁחט [Lev 14:13]; [Ezek 40:39].
5 purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness, all P: ׳מֵ ׳ח [Num 8:7] water of purification from sin; ח נִדָּה ׳מֵי הוּא water of (cleansing from) impurity, it is a purification from sin [19:9]; הח שְׂרֵפַת ׳עֲפַר [19:17] ashes of the burning of the purification from sin (RV renders sin-offering; but there was no offering made, only water of purification was used).
חַטָּיָא noun feminine sin-offering (Biblical Hebrew חַטָּאת
4; Nabataean חטיאת penalty, according to SAC51); — absolute ׳ת [Ezra 6:17] Kt, Qr הַטָּאָה.
חַטָּאָה / חַטָּאת
原文音譯：ha'J'x; khat-taw-aw’
詞類次數：名詞（301）
原文字根：失誤
字義溯源：犯罪，罪刑，贖罪祭，贖罪祭牲，犯罪者，罪的刑罰，潔凈，獻祭，罪，惡，罪惡，罪愆，罪過，過犯。這字源自（H2398（חָטָא / חֶטְאָה）*=失誤，犯罪）
出現次數：總共（292）；創（1）；出（10）；利（82）；民（43）；申（4）；書（1）；撒上（6）；撒下（1）；王上（18）；王下（15）；代下（9）；拉（1）；尼（5）；伯（5）；詩（13）；箴（7）；賽（12）；耶（13）；哀（3）；結（24）；但（4）；何（5）；摩（1）；彌（6）；亞（3）
譯字彙編：
1）贖罪祭（55）[出29:14]；[出29:36]；[利4:3]；[利4:14]；[利4:24]；[利4:33]；[利5:6]；[利5:9]；[利5:11]；[利5:11]；[利5:12]；[利6:30]；[利9:2]；[利9:3]；[利9:7]；[利10:17]；[利10:19]；[利10:19]；[利12:6]；[利12:8]；[利14:19]；[利14:22]；[利15:30]；[利16:3]；[利16:5]；[利16:9]；[利23:19]；[民6:11]；[民6:14]；[民6:16]；[民7:16]；[民7:22]；[民7:28]；[民7:34]；[民7:40]；[民7:46]；[民7:52]；[民7:58]；[民7:64]；[民7:70]；[民7:76]；[民7:82]；[民7:87]；[民8:8]；[民15:24]；[民15:27]；[民18:9]；[民28:15]；[民29:11]；[王下12:16]；[代下29:21]；[結43:19]；[結43:22]；[結45:17]；[結46:20]；
2）罪（41）[創4:7]；[利5:6]；[利5:10]；[利5:13]；[利16:16]；[利16:21]；[利16:34]；[民5:6]；[民5:7]；[申9:18]；[申19:15]；[撒上14:38]；[撒上15:25]；[撒上20:1]；[王上8:34]；[王上8:36]；[王上12:30]；[王上14:22]；[王上16:13]；[王上16:19]；[王下13:6]；[王下13:11]；[王下14:24]；[王下15:9]；[王下17:22]；[王下21:17]；[代下6:25]；[代下6:27]；[代下7:14]；[尼1:6]；[詩25:18]；[箴20:9]；[箴21:4]；[賽30:1]；[賽30:1]；[賽40:2]；[耶15:13]；[耶16:10]；[結18:14]；[結33:16]；[彌1:13]；
3）（那）贖罪祭（20）[利4:8]；[利4:20]；[利4:25]；[利5:8]；[利6:17]；[利6:25]；[利7:7]；[利7:37]；[利8:14]；[利9:8]；[利9:10]；[利10:16]；[利14:13]；[利16:11]；[利16:11]；[代下29:23]；[結42:13]；[結43:21]；[結44:29]；[結45:25]；
4）的罪（19）[撒上2:17]；[撒上15:23]；[王上14:16]；[王上15:26]；[王上15:30]；[王上16:13]；[王下3:3]；[王下10:31]；[王下13:2]；[王下15:18]；[王下15:24]；[王下15:28]；[王下24:3]；[詩59:12]；[耶17:1]；[耶17:3]；[哀4:6]；[結16:51]；[但9:20]；
5）罪惡（16）[出34:9]；[書24:19]；[尼9:2]；[伯35:3]；[箴10:16]；[箴14:34]；[耶31:34]；[耶36:3]；[哀4:22]；[結18:21]；[結18:24]；[但9:16]；[但9:24]；[何10:8]；[彌7:19]；[亞13:1]；
6）作贖罪祭（13）[民8:12]；[民28:22]；[民29:5]；[民29:11]；[民29:16]；[民29:19]；[民29:22]；[民29:25]；[民29:28]；[民29:31]；[民29:34]；[民29:38]；[結45:22]；
7）他的罪（9）[利4:3]；[利4:23]；[利4:26]；[利4:28]；[利4:28]；[利4:35]；[利5:6]；[利19:22]；[利19:22]；
8）（那）贖罪祭牲（7）[利4:29]；[利4:33]；[利4:34]；[利5:9]；[利16:25]；[結40:39]；[結45:19]；
9）我的罪（7）[出10:17]；[詩32:5]；[詩32:5]；[詩38:18]；[詩51:2]；[詩51:3]；[但9:20]；
10）你的罪惡（7）[賽6:7]；[賽43:24]；[賽43:25]；[賽44:22]；[耶30:14]；[耶30:15]；[彌6:13]；
11）他們的罪（5）[出32:32]；[出32:34]；[王上8:35]；[王上16:2]；[代下6:26]；
12）他們的罪惡（5）[賽58:1]；[耶14:10]；[耶18:23]；[何8:13]；[何9:9]；
13）你們的罪（5）[利26:18]；[利26:21]；[利26:24]；[利26:28]；[民32:23]；
14）為贖罪祭（4）[利14:31]；[利15:15]；[結43:25]；[結45:23]；
15）你們的罪惡（4）[賽59:2]；[耶5:25]；[結21:24]；[摩5:12]；
16）的罪惡（4）[耶50:20]；[哀4:13]；[彌1:5]；[彌6:7]；
17）那贖罪祭（3）[利9:22]；[利16:27]；[利16:27]；
18）我們的罪（3）[代下28:13]；[尼9:37]；[詩79:9]；
19）罪中（3）[民16:26]；[王上16:19]；[結3:20]；
20）的刑罰（2）[亞14:19]；[亞14:19]；
21）他的罪惡（2）[何13:12]；[彌3:8]；
22）罪愆（2）[利16:30]；[代下33:19]；
23）和罪惡（2）[耶16:18]；[結33:10]；
24）罪上（2）[撒上12:19]；[伯34:37]；
25）（那）贖罪祭的（2）[利8:2]；[利16:6]；
26）贖罪祭牲（2）[利4:29]；[利14:13]；
27）那罪（2）[利4:14]；[王上16:26]；
28）的贖罪祭（2）[利4:21]；[何4:8]；
29）自己罪惡（1）[箴5:22]；
30）犯罪的（1）[箴13:6]；
31）乃是罪惡（1）[箴24:9]；
32）自己的罪惡（1）[賽3:9]；
33）的罪過（1）[詩109:14]；
34）過犯（1）[詩85:2]；
35）的罪愆（1）[詩25:7]；
36）我罪過（1）[詩38:3]；
37）為我的罪愆（1）[詩59:3]；
38）贖罪祭的（1）[利4:32]；
39）他的罪過（1）[賽27:9]；
40）與罪惡（1）[出34:7]；
41）你所犯的罪（1）[結16:52]；
42）其罪惡（1）[結33:14]；
43）你們的過犯（1）[出32:30]；
44）我們的罪惡（1）[賽59:12]；
45）其實是⋯的錯（1）[出5:16]；
46）與罪愆（1）[伯13:23]；
47）祭（1）[出30:10]；
48）為自己的贖罪祭（1）[結44:27]；
49）罪過麼（1）[伯10:6]；
50）那除罪（1）[民19:17]；
51）你們犯罪（1）[申9:21]；
52）罪過（1）[申9:27]；
53）這贖罪祭牲（1）[利6:25]；
54）除罪的（1）[民19:9]；
55）那贖罪祭的（1）[利8:14]；
56）用除罪的（1）[民8:7]；
57）作那贖罪祭（1）[利9:15]；
58）便將這罪（1）[民12:11]；
59）又把他們的贖罪祭（1）[民15:25]；
60）你的罪（1）[撒下12:13]；
61）在罪裏（1）[王上13:34]；
62）作贖罪祭的（1）[拉8:35]；
63）使他們的罪惡（1）[尼4:5]；
64）（那些）贖罪祭（1）[尼10:33]；
65）（那）作贖罪祭（1）[利16:15]；
66）和那贖罪祭（1）[代下29:24]；
67）贖罪祭，（1）[利5:7]；
68）惡（1）[王上15:3]；
69）他所犯的罪（1）[王上15:34]；
70）的罪中（1）[王上16:31]；
71）他行的罪（1）[王下21:16]；
72）和罪過（1）[伯13:23]