πούς,
ὁ, ποδός, ποδί, πόδα (not ποῦν, Thom.Mag.p.257 R.): dat.pl. ποσί, Ep. and Lyr. ποσσί (also Cratin. 100 (lyr.)), πόδεσσι, once πόδεσι S. Fr. 240 (lyr.): gen.and dat. dual ποδοῖν, Ep. ποδοῖιν Il. 18.537: - Dor. nom. πός (cf. ἀρτίπος, πούλυπος, etc.) Lyr.Adesp. 72, but πούς Tab.Heracl. 2.34 (perh. Hellenistic); πῶς· πός, ὑπὸ Δωριέων, Hsch. (fort. πός· πούς, ὑ.Δ. ); Lacon. πόρ, Id. (on the accent v. Hdn.Gr. 2.921, A.D. Adv. 134.24 ): -
foot, both of men and beasts, Il. 7.212, 8.339 (both pl.), etc.; in pl., also, a bird’s talons, Od. 15.526; arms or feelers of a polypus, Hes. Op. 524: properly the foot from the ankle down wards, Il. 17.386; ταρσὸς ποδός 11.377, 388; ξύλινος π., of an artificial foot, Hdt. 9.37: but also of the leg with the foot, as χείρ for the arm and hand, Il. 23.772, Od. 4.149, Luc. Alex. 59 .
2. foot as that with which one runs, πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς Il. 1.215, al.; or walks, τῷ δ’ ὑπὸ ποσσὶ μέγας πελεμίζετ’ Ὄλυμπος 8.443; freq. with reference to swiftness, περιγιγνόμεθ’ ἄλλων πύξ τε . . ἠδὲ πόδεσσιν Od. 8.103; ποσὶν ἐρίζειν to race on foot, Il. 13.325, cf. 23.792; πόδεσσι πάντας ἐνίκα 20.410, cf. Od. 13.261; ἀέθλια ποσσὶν ἄροντο Il. 9.124, etc.; ποδῶν τιμά, αἴγλα, ἀρετά, ὁρμά, Pi. O. 12.15, 13.36, P. 10.23, B. 9.20; ἅμιλλαν ἐπόνει ποδοῖν E. IA 213 (lyr.): the dat. ποσί ( ποσσί, πόδεσσι ) is added to many Verbs denoting motion, π. βήσετο, παρέδραμον, Il. 8.389, 23.636; π. θέειν, πηδᾶν, σκαίρειν, πλίσσεσθαι, ib. 622, 21.269, 18.572, Od. 6.318; ὀρχεῖσθαι Hes. Th. 3; ἔρχεσθαι Od. 6.39; πάρος ποσὶν οὖδας ἱκέσθαι 8.376; νέρθε δὲ ποσσὶν ἤϊε μακρὰ βιβάς Il. 7.212; also emphatically with Verbs denoting to trample or tread upon, πόσσι καταστείβοισι Sapph. 94; ἐπεμβῆναι ποδί S. El. 456; πόδα βαίνειν, v. βαίνω A. 11.4; πόδα τιθέναι to journey, Ar. Th. 1100: metaph., νόστιμον ναῦς ἐκίνησεν πόδα started on its homeward way, E. Hec. 940 (lyr.); νεῶν λῦσαι ποθοῦσιν οἴκαδ’ . . πόδα ib. 1020; χειρῶν ἔκβαλλον ὀρείους πόδας ναός, i. e. oars, Tim. Pers. 102; φωνὴ τῶν π. τοῦ ὑετοῦ sound of the pattering of rain, LXX 3 Ki. 18.41 .
3. as a point of measurement, ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς from head to foot, Il. 18.353; ἐκ κεφαλῆς ἐς πόδας ἄκρους 16.640; and reversely, ἐκ ποδῶν δ’ ἄνω . . εἰς ἄκρον κάρα A. Fr. 169; ἐκ τῶν ποδῶν ἐς τὴν κεφαλήν σοι Ar. Pl. 650; also ἐκ τριχὸς ἄχρι ποδῶν AP 5.193 ( Posidipp. or Asclep. ); ἐς κορυφὰν ἐκ ποδός ib. 7.388 ( Bianor ).
4. πρόσθε ποδός or ποδῶν, προπάροιθε ποδῶν, just before one, Il. 23.877, 21.601, 13.205; τὸ πρὸ ποδὸς . . χρῆμα Pi. I. 8(7).13; αὐτὰ τὰ πρὸ τῶν ποδῶν ὁρᾶν X. Lac. 3.4, cf. An. 4.6.12, Pl. R. 432d . παρά or πὰρ ποδός off-hand, at once, ἀνελέσθαι πὰρ ποδός Thgn. 282; γνόντα τὸ πὰρ ποδός Pi. P. 3.60, cf. 10.62; πὰρ ποδί close at hand, Id. O. 1.74; but παραὶ ποσὶ κάππεσε θυμός sank to their feet, Il. 15.280; παρὰ πόδα in a moment, S. Ph. 838 (lyr.), Pl. Sph. 242a; close behind, Νέμεσις δέ γε πὰρ πόδας (leg. πόδα ) βαίνει Prov. ap. Suid.; also παρὰ πόδας immediately afterwards Plb. 1.35.3, 5.26.13, Gal. 5.272; παρὰ π. οἱ ἔλεγχοι Luc. Hist. Conscr. 13, cf. Aristid. 2.115 J.; τὰ ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ καὶ παρὰ πόδας at his very feet, Pl. Tht. 174a; περὶ τῶν παρὰ πόδας καὶ τῶν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ib.c; τὸ πλησίον καὶ παρὰ π. Luc. Cal. 1 . ἐν ποσί in one’s way, close at hand, τὸν ἐν π. γινόμενον Hdt. 3.79, cf. Pi. P. 8.32; τἀν ποσὶν κακά S. Ant. 1327, cf. E. Andr. 397; τοὐν ποσὶν κακόν Id. Alc. 739; τὴν ἐν ποσὶ [κώμην] αἱρεῖν Th. 3.97; τὰ ἐν ποσὶν ἀγνοεῖν everyday matters, Pl. Tht. 175b, cf. Arist. Pol. 1263a18, etc. τὸ πρὸς ποσί, = τὸ ἐν ποσί, S. OT 130 . all these phrases are opp. ἐκ ποδῶν out of the way, far off, written ἐκποδών Hdt. 6.35, etc.; also, βίαια πάντ’ ἐκ ποδὸς ἐρύσαις Pi. N. 7.67 .
5. to denote close pursuit, ἐκ ποδὸς ἕπεσθαι follow in the track, i.e. close behind, Plb. 3.68.1, cf. D.S. 20.57, D.H. 2.33, etc.; ἐκ ποδῶν διώξαντες Plu. Pel. 11 . in earlier writers κατὰ πόδας on the heels of a person, Hdt. 5.98, Th. 3.98, 8.17, X. HG 2.1.20, LXX [Gen 49:19] (also κατὰ πόδα ὑπολαβεῖν on the moment, Pl. Sph. 243d ); ἡ κατὰ πόδας ἡμέρα the very next day, Plb. 1.12.1 (but κατὰ πόδας αἱρεῖν catch it running, X. Cyr. 1.6.40, cf. Mem. 2.6.9 ): c. gen. pers., κατὰ πόδας τινὸς ἐλαύνειν, ἰέναι, march, come close at his heels, on his track, Hdt. 9.89, Th. 5.64; τῇ κατὰ π. ἡμέρᾳ τῆς ἐκκλησίας on the day immediately after it, Plb. 3.45.5; κατὰ π. τῆς μάχης Aristid. 1.157J., etc.
6. various phrases: ἀνὰ πόδα backwards, Hsch. ἐπὶ πόδα backwards facing the enemy, ἐπὶ π. ἀναχωρεῖν, ἀνάγειν, ἀναχάζεσθαι, to retire without turning to fly, leisurely, X. An. 5.2.32, Cyr. 3.3.69, 7.1.34, etc.; also ἐπὶ πόδας Luc. Pisc. 12; but γίνεται ἡ ἔξοδος οἷον ἐπὶ πόδας the offspring is as it were born feetforemost, Arist. GA 752b14 . περὶ πόδα, properly of a shoe, round the foot, i.e. fitting exactly, ὡς ἔστι μοι τὸ χρῆμα τοῦτο περὶ πόδα Pl.Com. 197, cf. 129: c. dat., ὁρᾷς ὡς ἐμμελὴς ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ περὶ πόδα τῇ ἱστορίᾳ Luc. Hist.Conscr. 14, cf. Ind. 10, Pseudol. 23 . ὡς ποδῶνἔχει as he is off for feet, i. e. as quick as he can, ὡς ποδῶν εἶχον [τάχιστα] ἐβοήθεον Hdt. 6.116; ἐδίωκον ὡς ποδῶν ἕκαστος εἶχον Id. 9.59; φευκτέον ὡς ἔχει ποδῶν ἕκαστος Pl. Grg. 507d; so, σοῦσθε . . ὅπως ποδῶν [ἔχετε] A. Supp. 837 (lyr.). ἔξω τινὸς πόδα ἔχειν keep one’s foot out of a thing, i. e. be clear of it, ἔξω κομίζων πηλοῦ πόδα Id. Ch. 697; πημάτων ἔξω πόδα ἔχει Id. Pr. 265; ἐκτὸς κλαυμάτων S. Ph. 1260; ἔξω πραγμάτων E. Heracl. 109: without a gen., ἐκτὸς ἔχειν πόδα Pi. P. 4.289: opp. εἰς ἄντλον ἐμβήσῃ πόδα E. Heracl. 168; ἐν τούτῳ πεδίλῳ . . πόδ’ ἔχων Pi. O. 6.8 . ἀμφοῖν ποδοῖν, etc., to denote energetic action, Ar. Av. 35, cf. Il. 13.78; συνέχευε ποσὶν καὶ χερσὶν 15.364; χερσίν τε ποσίν τε καὶ σθένει 20.360; τιμωρήσειν χειρὶ καὶ ποδὶ καὶ πάσῃ δυνάμει Aeschin. 2.115, cf. 3.109; τερπωλῆς ἐπέβημεν ὅλῳ ποδί with all the foot, i.e. entirely, A.R. 4.1166, cf. D.Chr. 13.19 (prob.); καταφεύγειν ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν ὥσπερ ἐκ δυοῖν ποδοῖν Aristid. 1.117J.; opp. οὐκ ἂν προβαίην τὸν πόδα τὸν ἕτερον Ar. Ec. 161; οὐκ ἂν ἔφασκεν ἐξελθεῖν οὐδὲ τὸν ἕτερον πόδα Din. 1.82 . τὴν ὑπὸ πόδα [κατάστασιν ] just below them, Plb. 2.68.9; ὑπὸ πόδας τίθεσθαι trample under foot, scorn, Plu. 2.1097c; οἱ ὑπὸ πόδα those next below them (in rank), Onos. 25.2; ὑπὸ πόδα χωρεῖν recede, decline, of strength, Ath. Med. ap. Orib. inc. 21.16 . for ὀρθῷ ποδί, v. ὀρθός 11.1 . ἁλιεῖς ἀπὸ ποδός prob. fishermen who fish from the land, not from boats, BGU 221.5 ( i1 /iii A. D. ); ποτίσαι ἀπὸ ποδός perh. irrigate by the feet (of oxen turning the irrigation-wheel), PRyl. 157.21 (ii A. D.); τόπον . . ἀπὸ ποδὸς ἐξηρτισμένον dub. sens. in POsl. 55.11 (ii/iii A. D.) . 1 ἀγγεῖον . . τρήματα ἐκ τῶν ὑπὸ ποδὸς ἔχον round the bottom, Dsc. 2.72 .
7. πούς τινος, as periphr. for a person as coming, etc., σὺν πατρὸς μολὼν ποδί, i.e. σὺν πατρί, E. Hipp. 661; παρθένου δέχου πόδα Id. Or. 1217, cf. Hec. 977, HF 336; χρόνου πόδα Id. Ba. 889 (lyr.), Ar. Ra. 100; also ἐξ ἑνὸς ποδός, i.e. μόνος ὤν, S. Ph. 91; οἱ δ’ ἀφ’ ἡσύχου π., i.e. οἱ ἡσύχως ζῶντες, E. Med. 217 .
II metaph., of things, foot, lowest part, esp. foot of a hill, Il. 2.824, 20.59 (pl.), Pi. P. 11.36, etc.; of a table, couch, etc., Ar. Fr. 530, X. Cyr. 8.8.16, etc.; cf. πέζα; of the side strokes at the foot of the letter Ω, Callias ap. Ath. 10.454a; = ποδεών 11.1, ἀσκοῦ . . λῦσαι π. E. Med. 679 .
2. in a ship, πόδες are the two lower corners of the sail, or the ropes fastened therelo, by which the sails are tightened or slackened, sheets (cf. ποδεών 11.4 ), Od. 5.260; χαλᾶν πόδα ease off the sheet, as is done when a squall is coming, E. Or. 707; τοῦ ποδὸς παρίει let go hold of it, Ar. Eq. 436; ἐκδοῦναι ὀλίγον τοῦ ποδός Luc. Cont. 3; ἐκπετάσουσι πόδα ναός (with reference to the sail), E. IT 1135 (lyr.): opp. τεῖναι πόδα haul it tight, S. Ant. 715; ναῦς ἐνταθεῖσα ποδί a ship with her sheet close hauled, E. Or. 706; κὰδ’ δ’ . . λαῖφος ἐρυσσάμενοι τανύοντο ἐς πόδας ἀμφοτέρους A.R. 2.932; ἱστία . . ἐτάνυσσαν ὑπ’ ἀμφοτέροισι πόδεσσι Q.S. 9.438 . perh. of the rudder or steering-paddle, αἰεὶ γὰρ πόδα νηὸς ἐνώμων Od. 10.32 (cf. Sch.ad loc.); πὰρ ποδὶ ναός Pi. N. 6.55 .
III a foot, as a measure of length, = 4 palms ( παλασταί ) or 6 fingers, Hdt. 2.149, Pl. Men. 82c, etc. foot in Prosody, Ar. Ra. 1323 (lyr.), Pl. R. 400a, Aristox. Harm. p.34 M., Heph. 3.1, etc.; so of a metrical phrase or passage, ἔκμετρα καὶ ὑπὲρ τὸν π. Luc. Pr.Im. 18; of a long passage declaimed in one breath, κήρυκες ὅταν τὸν καλούμενον πόδα μέλλωσιν ἐρεῖν Gal. 4.459, cf. Luc. Demon. 65, Poll. 4.91 . boundary stone, Is. Fr. 27 . (Cf. Lat. pes, Goth. fotus, etc. ’foot’; related to πέδον as noted by Arist. IA 706a33 .)