διαθήκη, ἡ, (διατίθημι)

I disposition of property by will, testament, Ar. V. 584, 589, D. 27.13, etc.; κατὰ διαθήκην by will, OGI 753.8 (Cilicia), Test.Epict. 4.8, BGU 1113.5 (i B.C.), etc.: in pl., διαθήκας διαθέσθαι Lys. 19.39; θέσθαι CIG 2690 (Iasus).

II

1. αἱ ἀπόρρητοι δ. mystic deposits on which the common weal depended, prob. oracles (cf. διαθέτης), Din. 1.9 codd.

2. name of an eyesalve, because the recipe was deposited in a temple, Aët. 7.118.

III compact, covenant, ἢν μὴ διαθῶνται διαθήκην ἐμοί Ar. Av. 440; freq. in LXX, Gen 6:18, al.; καινή, παλαιὰ δ., Luk 22:20; 2Co 3:14; disposition (with allusion to 1), Gal 3:15, cf. Heb 9:15. = cross διάθεσις 11, σώματος δ. Democr. 9.

διαθήκη diathēkē 33x

    a testamentary disposition, will; a covenant, Heb 9:16-17; Gal 3:15; in NT, a covenant of God with men, Gal 3:17; Gal 4:24; Heb 9:4; Mat 26:28; the writings of the old covenant, 2Co 3:14 covenant; testament; will.

G1242 — διαθήκη

διαθήκης, ἡ (διατίθημι);

1. a disposition, arrangement, of any sort, which one wishes to be valid (German Verordnung, Willensverfugung): Gal 3:15, where under the name of a man's disposition is meant specifically a testament, so far forth as it is a specimen and example of that disposition (cf. Meyer or Lightfoot at the passage); especially the last disposal which one makes of his earthly possessions after his death, a testament or will (so in Greek writings from (Aristophanes), Plato, legg. 11, p. 922 c. following down): Heb 9:16f

2. a compact, covenant (Aristophanes av. 440), very often in the Scriptures for בְּרִית (Vulg.testamentum). For the word covenant is used to denote the close relationship which God entered into, first with Noah (Gen 6:18; Gen 9:9ff (cf. Sir. 44:18)), then with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and their posterity (Lev 26:42 (cf. 2 Macc. 1:2)), but especially with Abraham (Genesis 15 and Genesis 17), and afterward through Moses with the people of Israel (Exodus 24; Deu 5:2; Deuteronomy 28:69 ()). By this last covenant the Israelites are bound to obey God's will as expressed and solemnly promulged in the Mosaic law; and he promises them his almighty protection and blessings of every kind in this world, but threatens transgressors with the severest punishments. Hence, in the N. T. we find mention of αἱ πλάκες τῆς διαθήκης (הַבְּרִית לוּחות, Deu 9:9, Deu 9:15), the tables of the law, on which the duties of the covenant were inscribed (Exodus 20); of ἡ κιβωτός τῆς διαθήκης (הַבְּרִית אֲרון, Deu 10:8; Deu 31:9; Jos 3:6, etc.), the ark of the covenant or law, in which those tables were deposited, Heb 9:4; Rev 11:19; of ἡ διαθήκη περιτομῆς, the covenant of circumcision, made with Abraham, whose sign and seal was circumcision (Gen 17:10ff), Act 7:8; of τό αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης, the blood of the victims, by the shedding and sprinkling of which the Mosaic covenant was ratified, Heb 9:20 from Exo 24:8; of αἱ διαθῆκαι, the covenants, one made with Abraham, the other through Moses with the Israelites, Rom 9:4 (L text Tr marginal reading ἡ διαθήκη) (Sap). 18:22; Sir. 44:11; 2 Macc. 8:15; Epistle of Barnabas 9 [ET]; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 177 (166))); of αἱ διαθῆκαι τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, the covenants to which the promise of salvation through the Messiah was annexed, Eph 2:12 (συνθηκαι ἀγαθῶν ὑποσχέσεων, Wis. 12:21); for Christian salvation is the fulfillment of the divine promises annexed to those covenants, especially to that made with Abraham: Luk 1:72; Act 3:25; Rom 11:27; Gal 3:17 (where διαθήκη is God's arrangement, i. e. the promise made to Abraham). As the new and far more excellent bond of friendship which God in the Messiah's time would enter into with the people of Israel is called, חֲדָשָׁה בְּרִית, καινή διαθήκη (Jeremiah 38:31) — which divine promise Christ has made good (Heb 8:8-10; Heb 10:16) — we find in the N. T. two distinct covenants spoken of, δύο διαθῆκαι (Gal 4:24), viz. the Mosaic and the Christian, with the former of which (τῇ πρώτη διαθήκη, Heb 9:15, Heb 9:18, cf. 8:9) the latter is contrasted, as καινή διαθήκη, Mat 26:28; Mar 14:24 (in both passages in R G L (in Matthew in Tr also)); Luk 22:20 (WH reject the passage); 1Co 11:25; 2Co 3:6; Heb 8:8; κρείττων διαθήκη, Heb 7:22; αἰώνιος διαθήκη, Heb 13:20; and Christ is called κρείττονος or καινῆς or νέας διαθήκης μεσίτης: Heb 8:6; Heb 9:15; Heb 12:24. This new covenant binds men to exercise faith in Christ, and God promises them grace and salvation eternal. This covenant Christ set up and ratified by undergoing death; hence, the phrases τό αἷμα τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης, τό αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης (see αἷμα sub at the end) (Heb 10:29); τό αἷμα μου τῆς διαθήκης, my blood by the shedding of which the covenant is established, Mat 26:28 T WH and Mar 14:24 T Tr WH (on two genitives after one noun cf. Matthiae, § 380, Anm. 1; Kühner, ii., p. 288f; (Jelf, § 543, 1, cf § 466; Winers Grammar, § 30, 3 Note 3; Buttmann, 155 (136))). By metonymy of the contained for the container ἡ παλαιά διαθήκη is used in 2Co 3:14 of the sacred books of the O. T. because in them the conditions and principles of the older covenant were recorded. Finally must be noted the amphiboly or twofold use (cf. Philo de mut. nom. § 6) by which the writer to the Hebrews, in Heb 9:16f, substitutes for the meaning covenant which διαθήκη bears elsewhere in the Epistle that of testament (see 1 above), and likens Christ to a testator — not only because the author regards eternal blessedness as an inheritance bequeathed by Christ, but also because he is endeavoring to show, both that the attainment of eternal salvation is made possible for the disciples of Christ by his death (Heb 9:15), and that even the Mosaic covenant had been consecrated by blood (Heb 9:18ff). This, apparently, led the Latin Vulg. to render διαθήκη wherever it occurs in the Bible (i. e. in the New Testament, not always in the Old Testament; see B. D. under the word , and B. D. American edition under the word ) by the wordtestamentum.

διαθήκη , - ης , ἡ

( < διατίθημι ),

[ freq . in LXX , and nearly always for H1285;]

1. as usually in cl ., a disposition, testament, will ( Plat , a1.): Gal 3:15 ( R , mg ., but v. Lft ., in l ), Heb 9:16-17 ( R , txt .; MM , Exp., xi,; Milligan , NTD , 75; Abbott, Essays , 107; Deiss ., LAE , 341; but v. infr .).

2. As in LXX (for H1285) = cl . συνθήκη , a convention, arrangement, covenant ( exc . in the disputed cases mentioned above, always between God and man, "perhaps with the feeling that the δια - compound was more suitable than the συν - f ο r a covenant with God - συνθ . might suggest equal terms," ΜΜ , Exp., l.c .): Gal 3:15 ( R , txt ., but v. supr ., and cf. Thayer , s.v. ), Heb 9:16-17 ( R , mg ., Westc ., in l,; Hatch, Essays , 47; but v. supr .), Mat 26:28, Mar 14:24, Luk 1:72, Act 3:25; Act 7:8, Rom 11:27 ( LXX ), 2Co 3:14, Gal 3:17, Heb 7:22; Heb 8:6; Heb 8:9-10 ( LXX ) Heb 9:4; Heb 9:15-17; Heb 9:20 ( LXX ) 10:16 ( LXX ), Heb 10:29; Heb 12:24; Heb 13:20, Rev 11:19; καινὴ δ ., Mat 26:28, and Mar 14:24 ( R , mg .), Luk 22:20, 1Co 11:25, 2Co 3:6, Heb 8:8 ( LXX ) Heb 9:15; pl . Rom 9:4, Gal 4:24, Eph 2:12. †

詞類次數：名詞（33）

原文字根：經過-安置 相當於：H1285（בְּרִית‎） H7621（שָׁבַע‎）

字義溯源：合約，文約，立約，遺命，約，處理權；源自（G1303（διατίθεμαι / διατίθημι）=部署）；由（G1223（διά）*=通過）與（G5087（τίθημι）*=設立，安放）組成。約，在舊約用了三百餘次，在新約只用了三十餘次。因著舊約，以色列民成了神的子民；主耶穌用他的血立了新約，把所有蒙血救贖的人都包括在內。這血所立的約，乃是永遠的約（來13:20）

出現次數：總共（33）；太（1）；可（1）；路（2）；徒（2）；羅（2）；林前（1）；林後（2）；加（3）；弗（1）；來（17）；啓（1）

譯字彙編：

1）約（20）可14:24；路1:72；路22:20；徒7:8；羅11:27；林前11:25；林後3:14；加3:15；加3:17；加4:24；來8:8；來8:9；來8:9；來8:10；來9:4；來9:4；來9:15；來9:20；來10:16；啓11:19；

2）約的（8）徒3:25；林後3:6；弗2:12；來7:22；來8:6；來9:15；來10:29；來12:24；

3）遺命（2）來9:16；來9:17；

4）約之（1）來13:20；

5）諸約（1）羅9:4；

6）立約（1）太26:28