H1285. berith

בְּרִית‎₂₈₅ noun feminine covenant (|| Aramaic קְיָם‎, διαθήκη; constitutio) — ׳ב‎ Gen 9:13 199t.; suffix בְּרִיתִי‎ 6:18 50t.; בְּרִיתְךָ‎ Deut 33:9; בְּרִיתֶ֑ךָ‎ Psa 44:18 11t.; בְּרִיתְכֶם‎ Isa 28:18; בְּרִיתֵךְ‎ Ezek 16:61; בְּרִיתוֺ‎ Exod 2:24 18t.; — pact, compact, covenant.

I. between men.

1 trety, alliance, league: Abraham and Amorites Gen 14:13; Edom and its allies Obadiah 7; with Philistines 21:27, 32 (E) 26:28 (J); Jacob and Laban 31:44 (J); Joshua and Gibeonites Josh 9:6-7, 11, 15, 16 (J); Israel and Canaanites Exod 23:32; 34:12, 15 (JE) Deut 7:2; Judg 2:2; Ammonites and Jabesh 1Sam 11:1; Solomon and Hiram 1 Kings 5:26; Ahab and Benhadad 1Kin 20:34; Syria and Israel 15:19 2Chr 16:3; Nebuchadnezzar and Zedekiah Ezek 17:13-19; nations against Israel Psa 83:6; nations with Egypt Ezek 30:5; Ephraim and Assyria Hosea 12:2; Judah and Israel Ezek 16:61; Judah and Tyre Amos 1:9; Assyria and Judah Isa 33:8; ברית נגיד‎ a prince in league (with him) Dan 11:22 (so He Ew; Hi Meinh Bev reference to high priest Onias III, & translate prince of covenant, compare AV RV); figurative, with death Isa 28:15, 18; with stones of the field Job 5:23.

2 constitution, ordinance, between monarch and subjects: David and Abner 2Sam 3:12-13, 21; David and the elders of Israel 5:3 = 1Chr 11:3; Zedekiah and his people Jer 34:8-18; hostile prince and Israelites Dan 9:27.

3 agreement, pledge: Jehoiada and captains 2Kin 11:4 2Chr 23:1; with onself Job 31:1; with Leviathan to be a servant Job 40:28; between man and man Hosea 10:4 compare ברית בעל‎ Judg 8:33; 9:4 = ברית אל‎ 9:46.

4 alliance of friendship between David and Jonathan 1Sam 18:3; 20:8; 23:18 compare Psa 55:21.

5 alliance of marriage Prov 2:17; Mal 2:14. — In all cases ברית כרת‎ is the technical phrase for making covenant except Jer 34:10 בברית באו‎; Dan 9:27 לְ ברית הגביר‎. Various prepositions are used, most often לְ‎ Exod 23:32 +, but also עִם‎ Gen 26:28 +, אֵת‎ 2Sam 3:12 +, בֵּין‎2Chr 16:3.

II. between God and man.

1 alliance of friendship (|| סוֺד‎) Psa 25:14.

2 covenant, as a divine constitution or ordinance with signs or pledges (see אוֺת‎).

a. with Noah Gen 9:9-17 (P) Isa 54:10; Jer 33:20, 25; a divine promise that there would be no other deluge.

b. with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob Gen 15:18 (J) 17:2-21 Exod 2:24; 6:4-5, Lev 26:42 (P) 2Kin 13:23; 1Chr 16:15 = Psa 105:8; 105:10; Neh 9:8; Jer 34:18; a promise to multiply their seed, give them the land of Canaan, and make them a blessing to the nations.

c. with Israel at Sinai = Horeb, with a covenant sacrifice Exod 19:5; 24:7-8, (E) 34:10, 27, 28 (J) 31:16; Lev 2:13 (P) 24:8; 26:9, 15, 25, 44, 45 (H) Deut 4:13; renewed in plains of Moab Deuteronomy 28:69; with blessings and curses 29:20; frequently referred to in other books 2Chr 34:32; Psa 25:10; 44:18; 50:5; 50:16; 74:20; 78:10; 78:37; 103:18; 106:45; 111:5; 111:9; Isa 56:4, 6; Jer 1:2-3, 6, 8, 10; 14:21; 22:9; 31:32; Ezek 16:8, 59, 60; 44:7; Dan 9:4; 11:28, 30, 32; Hosea 6:7; 8:1; Zech 9:11; 11:10; a divine constitution given to Israel with promises on condition of obedience and penalties for disobendience, in the form of tables of the covenant Deut 9:9, 11, 15, inscribed with the ten words, placed in ברית(י ׅ׳ארון‎ the ark of the covenant Num 10:33 40t. (see ארון‎; in 1Sam 4:3-4, (twice in verse); 4:5 omits ברית‎ after ᵐ5 ארון‎ We Dr); set forth in הברית דברי‎ words of the covenant Exod 34:28 (J) Deuteronomy 28:69; Deut 29:8; 2Kin 23:3 (= 2Chr 34:31) Jer 11:2-8; written in הברית ספר‎ the book of the covenant Exod 24:7 (E compare 34:27 J) 2Kin 23:2, 21 (compare 2Chr 34:30).

d. with Phinehas Num 25:12-13, (P), a constitution, establishing an everlasting priesthood in his line; compare הכהנים ברית‎ Neh 13:29 & הלוי ברית‎ Mal 2:4, 8.

e. with Joshua and Israel Josh 24:25 (E), an ordinance or constitutional agreement to serve Yahweh only.

f. with David Psa 89:4; 89:29; 89:34; 89:39; 132:12; Jer 33:21 (compare 2 Samuel 7 = 1 Chronicles 17); a divine promise to the seed of David of an everlasting kingdom, the relation of sonship, and the superintendence of the temple (compare Psalms 2..)

g. Jehoiada and the people 2Kin 11:17 2Chr 23:3, a constitutional agreement to be the people of Yahweh.

h. Hezekiah and the people2Chr 29:10, a constitutional agreement to reform the worship.

i. Josiah and the people 2Kin 23:3, a constitutional agreement to obey the book of the covenant.

j. Ezra and the people Ezra 10:3, a constitutional agreement to put away foreign wives and observe the Law.

k. the prophetic covenant, a divine promise through a series of prophets to establish a new constitution חדשׁה ברית‎ Jer 31:31, with new institutions and precepts Isa 42:6; 49:8; 55:3; 59:21; 61:8; Jer 31:31, 33; 32:40; 50:5; Ezek 16:60, 62; 20:37; 34:25; 37:26; Hosea 2:20. In Isa² the Messianic servant is עם ברית‎ Isa 42:6; 49:8, compare הברית מלאך‎ Mal 3:1.

III. Phrases.

1 covenant making: ברית כרת‎ Gen 15:18; Exod 34:10, 27 (J) Josh 24:25 (E) Deut 5:2-3, Deuteronomy 28:69; 29:13; 29:24; 1 Kings 5:26; 2Kin 11:17; 17:35, 38; 23:3; 2Chr 21:7; 23:3, 16; 29:10; 34:30; Ezra 10:3; Neh 9:8; Psa 50:5; 89:4; Isa 55:3; 61:8; Jer 11:10; 31:31-32, 33; 32:40; 34:13; Ezek 34:25; 37:26; Hosea 2:20; ברית הקים‎ establish a covenant Gen 6:18; 9:9, 11, 17; 17:7, 19, 21; Exod 6:4 (P) Ezek 16:60, 62, but confirm covenant Lev 26:9 (?;H) Deut 8:18; ברית נתן‎ Gen 17:2; Num 25:12 (P); ברית שׂם‎ 2Sam 23:5 (poetry); בברית עבר‎ Deut 29:11; בברית בא‎2Chr 15:12; Ezek 16:8; ברית צוה‎ Psa 111:9; פי על ברית נשׂא‎ 50:16. (compare further on these Dr^{J Ph xi. 1882, 210 ff.})

2 covenant keeping: on the part of man ברית שׁמר‎ 1Kin 11:11; Neh 1:5; 9:32; Psa 78:10; 103:18; 132:12; Dan 9:4, ברית נצר‎ Deut 33:9; Psa 25:10, בברית מחזיקים‎ Isa 56:4, 6; on the part of God ברית זכר‎ Gen 9:15-16, Exod 2:24; 6:5 (all P), Lev 26:42 (3 t. in verse) (H; on suffix compare Di Ges^{§ 128}, 1 R b) 26:45 (H) Psa 105:8; 106:45; 111:5; 1Chr 16:15; Ezek 16:15, 60. Thus we have נאמנת‎ Psa 89:29; עולם ברית‎ Gen 9:16; 17:7, 13, 18, 19; Exod 31:16; Lev 24:8; Num 18:19; 25:13 (P) 2Sam 23:5 (poetry) 1Chr 16:17 (= Psa 105:10) Isa 24:5; 55:3; 61:8; Jer 32:40; 50:5; Ezek 16:60; 37:26; מלח ברית‎ Lev 2:13; 2Chr 13:5; 21:7 (a cov't. with sacrificial meal and salt; on cov't. with salt in Arabia compare We^{Skizzen iii. 124}); שׁלום ברית‎ Num 25:12 (P) Isa 54:10; Ezek 34:25; 37:26; והחסד הברית‎ Deut 7:9, 12; 1Kin 8:23 (= 2Chr 6:14) Neh 1:5; 9:32; Dan 9:4; קדשׁ ברית‎ 11:28, 30; הברית מסרת‎ Ezek 20:37.

3 covenant violation: ברית עבר‎ Deut 17:2; Josh 7:11, 15; 23:16 (D) Judg 2:20; 2Kin 18:12; Hosea 6:7; 8:1; ברית הפר‎ Gen 17:14; Lev 26:15, 44 (H) Deut 31:16, 20 (J) Judg 2:1; Isa 24:5 (twice in verse); Jer 11:10; 14:21; 31:32; 33:20-21, Ezek 16:59; 17:18-19, 44:7; Zech 11:10; ברית עזב‎ 1Kin 19:10, 14; Jer 22:9; Dan 11:30; ברית מאס‎ 2Kin 17:15; ברית נאר‎ Psa 89:39; ברית חלל‎ 89:34; Mal 2:10; בברית שׁקר‎ Psa 44:18; ברית שׁכח‎ Deut 4:23, 31; Jer 50:5.

בְּרוֺת בְּרוֺשׁ,‎ see below ברשׁ‎.

בָּרוּת‎ see below I. ברה‎.

בֵּרֹתי בֵּרוֺ֫תָה,‎ see below באר‎.

ברז‎ (? compare Aramaic כרז‎ bore, pierce, or Arabic , appear).

詞類次數：名詞（284）

原文字根：純；相當於G1242（διαθήκη）

字義溯源：契約，約，立約，合約，盟約，同盟，結盟；源自（H1262（בָּרָא‎ / בָּרָה‎）*=揀選，喫）註：喫，含有切割之意；而‘立約’，希伯來文是說‘切約’；也可能是因立約時，都有殺牲畜來表示約的完成，並示意約是不能變更，不可違犯的；否則，違約的也要像牲畜那樣被殺。如果神與人立約，人固然不可違約，神也要受約的約束而守約。神曾與挪亞，亞伯拉罕，以色列人立約；末了，耶利米宣告神要與以色列家另立新約（耶31:31-34），這就是指主耶穌用他自己的血所立的新約

出現次數：總共（284）；創（27）；出（13）；利（10）；民（5）；申（27）；書（22）；士（4）；撒上（8）；撒下（6）；王上（14）；王下（12）；代上（13）；代下（17）；拉（1）；尼（4）；伯（3）；詩（21）；箴（1）；賽（12）；耶（24）；結（18）；但（7）；何（5）；摩（1）；俄（1）；亞（2）；瑪（6）

譯字彙編：

1）約（135）數量太多，不能盡錄；

2）的約（40）創17:10；申31:26；書4:7；書6:8；士20:27；撒上4:3；撒上4:4；撒上4:4；撒上4:5；撒上20:8；王上8:1；王上8:6；王上8:21；代上15:25；代上15:28；代上15:29；代上16:6；代上17:1；代上22:18；代上28:2；代下5:7；代下6:11；代下16:3；代下34:32；尼13:29；詩78:10；詩89:39；詩105:10；賽24:5；賽42:6；賽54:10；耶33:20；耶33:20；耶33:21；耶33:25；耶50:5；結34:25；結37:26；瑪2:4；瑪2:8；

3）（那）約（34）出24:7；申7:9；申9:15；申29:1；申29:1；申29:9；書3:6；書3:6；書3:8；書3:11；書3:14；書4:9；書6:6；王上8:23；王上20:34；王下17:38；王下23:3；王下23:21；代下6:14；代下15:12；代下21:7；代下23:1；代下34:30；尼1:5；尼9:8；詩74:20；耶11:2；耶11:3；耶11:6；耶11:8；耶31:32；耶31:33；結20:37；但9:4；

4）我的約（14）創6:18；創17:2；創17:4；創17:9；創17:13；創17:14；創17:19；王上11:11；詩50:16；詩89:28；詩89:34；詩132:12；結17:19；何8:1；

5）他的約（8）申17:2；代上16:15；詩55:20；詩103:18；詩105:8；詩106:45；詩111:5；詩111:9；

6）盟約（5）創14:13；結16:59；結17:14；結17:18；但9:27；

7）所立的約（5）出2:24；利26:44；賽28:18；賽59:21；耶14:21；

8）你的約（4）申33:9；王上19:10；王上19:14；結16:61；

9）立約（4）創17:11；利2:13；王下13:23；伯5:23；

10）這約（3）出34:28；王下23:3；耶34:18；

11）一個約（3）創26:28；撒上11:1；代下16:3；

12）那約的（3）創9:12；創9:17；耶34:10；

13）盟（2）詩83:5；結16:8；

14）那約（2）王下23:2；尼9:32；

15）約的（2）創9:13；但11:32；

16）同盟（1）但11:22；

17）（那）盟約（1）結30:5；

18）我約（1）賽56:6；

19）你盟約（1）瑪2:14；

20）合約（1）賽33:8；

21）的盟約（1）摩1:9；

22）那立約（1）瑪3:1；

23）與你立約（1）亞9:11；

24）的約呢（1）瑪2:10；

25）與你結盟的（1）俄1:7；

26）（那）約中（1）申29:21；

27）你們背約（1）利26:25；

28）（那）立約（1）出24:8；

29）立的約（1）創9:15；

30）（那）約的（1）申9:9；

31）就是那約（1）申9:11；

32）將自己的約（1）詩25:14；

33）他約（1）詩25:10；

34）要有約（1）王上15:19；

35）他的約上（1）詩78:37