σταυρός, ὁ,

upright pale or stake, σταυροὺς ἐκτὸς ἔλασσε διαμπερὲς ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέας Od. 14.11, cf. Il. 24.453, Th. 4.90, X. An. 5.2.21; of piles driven in to serve as a foundation, Hdt. 5.16, Th. 7.25 .

II cross, as the instrument of crucifixion, D.S. 2.18, Ev.Mat 27:40, Plu. 2.554a; ἐπὶ τὸν ς. ἀπάγεσθαι Luc. Peregr. 34; ς. λαμβάνειν, ἆραι, βαστάζειν, metaph. of voluntary suffering, Ev.Mat 10:38, Ev.Luk 9:23, Ev.Luk 14:27: its form was represented by the Greek letter T, Luc. Jud.Voc. 12 . pale for impaling a corpse, Plu. Art. 17 .

σταυρός stauros 27x

a stake;

    a cross, Mat 27:32; Mat 27:40; Mat 27:42; Php 2:8;

    by impl. the punishment of the cross, crucifixion, Eph 2:16; Heb 12:2;

    meton. the crucifixion of Christ in respect of its import, the doctrine of the cross, 1Co 1:17-18; Gal 5:11; Gal 6:12; Gal 6:14;

    met. to take up, or bear one’s cross, to be ready to encounter any extremity, Mat 10:38; Mat 16:24 cross.

G4716 — σταυρός

σταυροῦ, ὁ (from ἵστημι (root sta); cf. Latinstauro, English staff (see Skeat, Etymological Dictionary, under the word); Curtius, § 216; Vanicek, p. 1126);

1. an upright stake, especially a pointed one (Homer, Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon).

2. a cross;

a. the well-known instrument of most cruel and ignominious punishment, borrowed by the Greeks and Romans from the Phoenicians; to it were affixed among the Romans, down to the time of Constantine the Great, the guiltiest criminals, particularly the basest slaves, robbers, the authors and abetters of insurrections, and occasionally in the provinces, at the arbitrary pleasure of the governors, upright and peaceable men also, and even Roman citizens themselves; cf. Winers RWB, under the word Kreuzigung; Merz in Herzog edition 1 ((cf. Schaff-Herzog) also Schultze in Herzog edition 2), under the word Kreuz; Keim, iii., p. 409ff. (English translation, vi. 138; BB. DD., see under the words, Cross, Crucifixion; O. Zöckler, Das Kreuz Christi (Gütersloh, 1875); English translation, Lond. 1878; Fulda, Das Kreuz u. d. Kreuzigung (Bresl. 1878); Edersheim, Jesus the Messiah, ii. 582ff). This horrible punishment the innocent Jesus also suffered: Mat 27:32, Mat 27:40, Mat 27:42; Mar 15:21, Mar 15:30, Mar 15:32; Luk 23:26; Joh 19:17, Joh 19:19, Joh 19:25, Joh 19:31; Col 2:14; Heb 12:2; θάνατος σταυροῦ, Phi 2:8; τό αἷμα τοῦ σταυροῦ, blood shed on the cross; Col 1:20.

b. equivalent to the crucifixion which Christ underwent: Gal 5:11 (on which see σκάνδαλον, under the end); Eph 2:16; with the addition of τοῦ Χριστοῦ, 1Co 1:17; the saving power of his crucifixion, Phi 3:18 (on which see ἐχθρός, at the end); Gal 6:14; τῷ σταυρῷ τοῦ Χριστοῦ διώκεσθαι, to encounter persecution on account of one's avowed belief in the saving efficacy of Christ's crucifixion, Gal 6:12; ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ σταυροῦ, the doctrine concerning the saving power of the death on the cross endured by Christ, 1Co 1:18. The judicial usage which compelled those condemned to crucifixion themselves to carry the cross to the place of punishment (Plutarch, de sara numinis vindict. c. 9; Artemidorus Daldianus, oneir. 2, 56, cf. Joh 19:17), gave rise to the proverbial expression αἴρειν or λαμβάνειν or βαστάζειν τόν σταυρόν αὐτοῦ, which was usually used by those who, on behalf of God's cause, do not hesitate cheerfully and manfully to bear persecutions, troubles, distresses — thus recalling the fate of Christ and the spirit in which he encountered it (cf. Bleek, Synop. Erkl. der drei ersten Evangg. i, p. 439f): Mat 10:38; Mat 16:24; Mar 8:34; Mar 10:21 (R L in brackets); ; Luk 9:23; Luk 14:27.

* οταυρός , - o ῦ , ὁ ,

1. an upright pale or stake ( Hom ., Hdt ., Thuc ., al. ).

2. In late writers ( Diod ., Plut ., al. ) of the Roman instrument of crucifixion, the Cross: of the Cross on which Christ suffered, Mat 27:32; Mat 27:40; Mat 27:42, Mar 15:21; Mar 15:30; Mar 15:32, Luk 23:26, Joh 19:17; Joh 19:19; Joh 19:25; Joh 19:31, Col 2:14, Heb 12:2; θάνατος σταυροῦ , Php 2:8; τ . αἷμα τ o ῦ σ ., Col 1:20. Metaph ., in proverbial sayings: αἴρειν ( λαμβάνειν , βαστάζειν ) τὸν σ ., Mat 10:38; Mat 16:24, Mar 8:34; Mar 10:21,

15:21, Luk 9:23; Luk 14:27 (for an interesting ex . of metaph . use in Papyri, v. ΜΜ , xxiii) By meton ., for Christ's death on the Cross: 1Co 1:17, Gal 5:11; Gal 6:12; Gal 6:14, Eph 2:16, Php 3:18; ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ σ ., 1Co 1:18. †

詞類次數：名詞（28）

原文字根：站立（者） 相當於：H6086（עֵץ‎）

字義溯源：樁，柱，桿，十字架；源自（G2476（ἵστημι）*=站）。用十字架來執行刑罰，起源於波斯，以後亞力山大帝，腓尼基人，迦太基人，也採用這種刑罰，接著羅馬也沿用這刑罰對付他們的奴隸和重大的刑事罪犯。猶太人雖不常用這刑罰，但也把拜偶像褻瀆神的，用石頭打死，然後將屍體掛在樹上或木頭上，他們認為掛在木頭上的，是被神所咒詛的（申21:23）。刑事專家說，在各種死刑中，十字架最殘酷，最痛苦，而且最受譏諷，最被羞辱，因為是當眾執行的。當日的群眾要求彼拉多把主耶穌釘十字架（太27:22）。主耶穌對門徒說，若有人要跟從我，就當捨己，背起他的十字架，來跟從我（太16:24）。比較：G3586（ξύλον）=木料，樹，十字架

同源字：1）G388（ἀνασταυρόω）重釘十字架 2）G4716（σταυρός）十字架 3）G4717（σταυρόω）釘十字架 4）G4957（συσταυρόω）同釘十字架

出現次數：總共（27）；太（5）；可（4）；路（3）；約（4）；林前（2）；加（3）；弗（1）；腓（2）；西（2）；來（1）

譯字彙編：

1）十字架（26）太10:38；太16:24；太27:32；太27:40；太27:42；可8:34；可15:21；可15:30；可15:32；路9:23；路14:27；路23:26；約19:17；約19:19；約19:25；約19:31；林前1:17；林前1:18；加5:11；加6:12；加6:14；弗2:16；腓3:18；西1:20；西2:14；來12:2；

2）十字架的（1）腓2:8