προσκῠν-έω, fut. -ήσω Hippon. 32 (tm.), Pl. R. 469a: aor. προσεκύνησα X. Cyr. 5.3.18; poet. προσέκῠσα Ar. Eq. 640, imper. πρόσκυσον ib. 156, S. Ph. 776, inf. -κύσαι ib. 657, part. -κύσας ib. 533, 1408 (troch.): pf. -κεκύνηκα LXX Exo 32:8, OGI 196.2 (Egypt, i B.C. ): - Pass., pres. inf. προσκυνεῖσθαι E. Tr. 1021: aor. προσεκυνήθην Arr. An. 4.11.9: - make obeisance to the gods or their images, fall down and worship, c. acc., Hdt. 2.121, etc.; γῆν τε π. ἅμα καὶ τὸν θεῶν Ὄλυμπον S. OC 1654, cf. A. Pers. 499, Ar. Eq. 156: prov., οἱ -κυνοῦντες τὴν Ἀδράστειαν σοφοί, of deprecating the wrath of Nemesis, A. Pr. 936, cf. Pl. R. 451a; τὸν φθόνον δὲ πρόσκυσον S. Ph. 776; στεῖχε προσκύσας χθόνα, to avert divine wrath, ib. 1408 (troch.); of sacred places, do reverence to, πατ ρῷα ἕδη θεῶν Id. El. 1374; τὰς θήκας Pl. R. 469b; τὴν θόλον D. 19.314: abs., Ar. Eq. 640 .

2. esp. of the Oriental fashion of prostrating oneself before kings and superiors, abs., Hdt. 1.119, 8.118: c. acc., π. τὸν Δαρεῖον make obeisance to him, Id. 3.86; προσκυνεῖν διδάσκονται τὸν βασιλέα [οἱ ἐλέφαντες ] Arist. HA 630b20; προσπίπτων π . Hdt. 1.134, cf. 7.136; πάντες σε προσκυνοῦμεν οἵδ’ ἱκτήριοι S. OT 327; προσκυνῶ σ’, ἄναξ, προσπίτνων E. Or. 1507 (troch.), cf. X. Cyr. 5.3.18, 8.3.14, Plu. Them. 27, Arr. l.c., etc.; κύψας ὁ λαὸς προσεκύνησεν LXX Exo 12:27; οὐδένα ἄνθρωπον δεσπότην ἀλλὰ τοὺς θεοὺς π . X. An. 3.2.13; π. τοὺς ὑβρίζοντας ὥσπερ ἐν τοῖς βαρβάροις D. 21.106: ironically, π. τινὰ ὡς ἱερὸν καὶ θαυμαστόν Pl. R. 398a: later c. dat., LXX Gen 24:26, al., Ev.Mat 2:2; Mat 2:11, Ev.Joh 4:23, D.C. 67.13; τῳ θεῷ J. AJ 9.13.2 . (Orig. perh. throw a kiss to the god, cf. Apul. Met. 4.28: the gesture is probably represented in Sumerian and Babylonian art monuments.)

II later, kiss, σοῦ -ήσω τὴν χεῖρα BGU 423.15 (ii A.D.); τὸ πρόσωπον, τὴν ὄψιν, τοὺς πόδας, PLond. 3.1244.4 (iv A.D.), PGiss. 22.5 (ii A.D.), PGen. 91.6 (vi/vii A.D.) .

2. greet, σπουδάζουσα -ῆσαί σε (by letter) BGU 615.8 (ii A.D.); ἔλθω πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἵνα ὑμᾶς -ήσω διὰ πολλοῦ χρόνου PLips. 110.19 (iii/iv A.D.), cf. PGiss. 17.11 (ii A.D.) .

3. welcome respectfully, respect, προσεκύνησά σου τὰ γράμματα POxy. 237 vi 37 (ii A.D.), cf. PTeb. 286.22 (ii A.D.), etc.; τὴν θείαν ἀντιγραφὴν ὑπὸ πάντων προσκυνουμένην OGI 262.27 (Baetocaece, iii A.D. ).

προσκυνέω proskyneō 60x

to do reverence or homage by kissing the hand;

    in NT to do reverence or homage by prostration, Mat 2:2; Mat 2:8; Mat 2:11; Mat 20:20; Luk 4:7; Luk 24:52;

    to pay divine homage, worship, adore, Mat 4:10; Joh 4:20-21; Heb 1:6;

    to bow one’s self in adoration, Heb 11:21 fall down before; worship.

G4352 — προσκυνέω

προσκύνω; imperfect προσεκύνουν; future προσκυνήσω; 1 aorist προσεκύνησα; from Aeschylus and Herodotus down; the Sept. very often for הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה (to prostrate oneself); properly, to kiss the hand to (toward) one, in token of reverence: Herodotus 1, 134; (cf. K. F. Hermann, Gottesdienstl. Alterthümer d. Griech. § 21; especially Hoelemann, Die Biblical Gestalt. d. Anbetung in his 'Bibelstudien' i., 106ff); hence, among the Orientals, especially the Persians, to fall upon the knees and touch the ground with the forehead as an expression of profound reverence ("to make a 'salam'"); Latinveneror (Nepos, Conon. 3, 3),adoro (Pliny, h. n. 28, 5, 25; Suetonius, Vitell. 2); hence, in the N. T. by kneeling or prostration to do homage (to one) or make obeisance, whether in order to express respect or to make supplication. It is used a. of homage shown to men of superior rank: absolutely, Mat 20:20 (the Jewish high-priests are spoken of in Josephus, b. j. 4, 5, 2 as προσκυνούμενοι); πεσών ἐπί τούς πόδας προσεκύνησεν, Act 10:25; τίνι (according to the usage of later writings; cf. Winers Grammar, 36, 210 (197); (Buttmann, § 131, 4); Lob. ad Phryn., p. 463), Mat 2:2, Mat 2:8; Mat 8:2; Mat 9:18; Mat 14:33; Mat 15:25; (); Mat 28:9,17> (R G); Mar 5:6 (here WH Tr marginal reading have the accusative); ; Joh 9:38; with πεσών preceding, Mat 2:11; Mat 4:9; ἐνώπιον τῶν ποδῶν τίνος, Rev 3:9; (it may perhaps be mentioned that some would bring in here Heb 11:21 προσεκύνησεν ἐπί τό ἄκρον τῆς ῤάβδου αὐτοῦ, explaining it by the (Egyptian) custom of bowing upon the magistrate's staff of office in taking an oath; cf. Chabas, Melanges Egypt. III. i., p. 80, cf. p. 91f; but see below).

b. of homage rendered to God and the ascended Christ, to heavenly beings, and to demons: absolutely (our to worship) (cf. Winer's Grammar, 593 (552)), Joh 4:20; Joh 12:20; Act 8:27; Act 24:11; Heb 11:21 (cf. above); Rev 11:1; πίπτειν καί προσκυνεῖν, Rev 5:14; τίνι, Joh 4:21, Joh 4:23; Act 7:43; Heb 1:6; Rev 4:10; Rev 7:11; Rev 11:16; Rev 14:7; Rev 16:2; Rev 19:4, Rev 19:20; Rev 22:8; Rev 13:4 G L T Tr WH (twice (the 2nd time WH text only)); G T Tr WH text; Rev 20:4 Rec.; πεσών ἐπί πρόσωπον προσκυνήσει τῷ Θεῷ, 1Co 14:25; πίπτειν ἐπί τά πρόσωπα καί προσκυνεῖν τῷ Θεῷ, Rev 11:16; preceded by πίπτειν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ποδῶν τίνος, Rev 19:10. in accordance with the usage of the older and better writings with τινα or τί (cf. Matthiae, § 412): Mat 4:10; Luk 4:8; Rev 9:20; Rev 13:12; Rev 14:9, Rev 14:11; also Rev 13:4 (Rec. twice; (WH marginal reading once)), 8 (where Rec. dative), 15 R L WH marginal reading; 20:4a (where Rec. dative), 4b (where Relz dative); Luk 24:52 R G L Tr brackets WH reject; (the Sept. also connects the word far more frequent with the dative than with the accusative (cf. Hoelemann as above, p. 116ff)); ἐνώπιον τίνος, Luk 4:7; Rev 15:4.

προσ - κυνέω , - ῶ

( < κυνέω , to kiss),

[in LXX chiefly for H7812 hith.;]

to make obeisance, do reverence to, worship;

(a) prop . (as in cl ., of the gods: Hdt ., Æsch ., Plat ., al. ), of God, Christ and supra-mundane beings: absol. , Joh 4:20; Joh 12:20, Act 8:27; Act 24:11, Heb 11:21 ( Westc ., in l ), Rev 11:1; πίπτειν καὶ Papyri, Rev 5:14; c . dat . (of the significance of this constr. as com-pared with the usual cl ., c . acc , v. Abbott, JG , 78 f .; JV, 133 ff .), Joh 4:21; Joh 4:23, Act 7:43 , 1Co 14:25, Heb 1:6, Rev 4:10; Rev 7:11; Rev 11:16; Rev 13:4; Rev 13:15; Rev 14:7; Rev 16:2; Rev 19:4; Rev 19:10; Rev 19:20; Rev 22:8-9; c . acc ( v. supr .), Mat 4:10, Luk 4:8; Luk 24:52 ( WH , R , mg ., om .), Joh 4:22; Joh 4:24, Rev 9:20; Rev 13:4; Rev 13:8; Rev 13:12; Rev 14:9; Rev 14:11; Rev 20:4; Seq . ἐπώπιον , Luk 4:7, Rev 15:4;

(b) as in cl ., of homage to human superiors ( cf. MM , xxi): absol. , Mat 20:20, Act 10:25; c . dat . ( v. supr .), Mat 2:2; Mat 2:8; Mat 8:2; Mat 9:18; Mat 14:33; Mat 15:25; Mat 18:26; Mat 28:9, Mar 15:19, Joh 9:38; πεσὼν ., Mat 2:11; Mat 4:9; ἐνώπιον τ . ποδῶν , Rev 3:9; c . acc , Mar 5:6 ( dat . T ). †

詞類次數：動詞（60）

原文字根：向前-繁多（傾） 相當於：H7812（שָׁחָה‎）

字義溯源：乞憐，蹲伏，敬拜，禮拜，下拜，拜，俯拜，俯伏在⋯面前；如狗蹲伏在主人面前，舔主人的手，由（G4314（πρός）=向著）或與（G2965（κύων）=如狗舔主人的手*）組成；而G4314（πρός）出自（G4253（πρό）*=前）。這字多用在馬太福音，約翰福音和啓示錄。主耶穌自己和使徒行傳與啓示錄的著者都強調說，惟有神是配得敬拜的。當魔鬼試探主耶穌，想要用萬國的榮華來換取伏拜時，主耶穌就直截了當的回答說，當拜主你的神，單要事奉他（太4:10）。當哥尼流要俯伏拜彼得時，彼得就拉他起來說，我也是人，意思說，惟有神配得敬拜。當約翰要俯伏拜天使時，天使也說了同樣的話，你要敬拜神（啓22:9）

出現次數：總共（60）；太（13）；可（2）；路（3）；約（11）；徒（4）；林前（1）；來（2）；啓（24）

譯字彙編：

1）拜（15）太2:2；太2:8；太8:2；太9:18；太14:33；太15:25；太18:26；太28:9；太28:17；可5:6；可15:19；啓13:15；啓14:9；啓14:11；啓16:2；

2）敬拜（13）太2:11；約4:23；約4:24；約12:20；徒24:11；林前14:25；來11:21；啓4:10；啓5:14；啓7:11；啓11:16；啓15:4；啓19:4；

3）下拜（3）路4:7；徒10:25；啓3:9；

4）禮拜（3）約4:20；約4:20；徒8:27；

5）敬拜的（3）約4:22；約4:22；約4:24；

6）拜過（2）啓19:20；啓20:4；

7）他們⋯拜（2）啓13:4；啓13:4；

8）都要拜（2）來1:6；啓13:8；

9）當拜（2）太4:10；路4:8；

10）俯拜著（1）太20:20；

11）你當敬拜（1）啓19:10；

12）要敬拜（1）啓22:8；

13）你⋯拜（1）太4:9；

14）他們要⋯敬拜（1）約4:23；

15）要拜（1）啓19:10；

16）你要敬拜（1）啓22:9；

17）應當敬拜（1）啓14:7；

18）為要敬拜（1）徒7:43；

19）就拜（1）約9:38；

20）敬拜他（1）路24:52；

21）去拜（1）啓9:20；

22）他們拜（1）啓13:12；

23）敬拜的人（1）啓11:1；

24）你們敬拜（1）約4:21