κύων [ ῠ], ὁ and ἡ,
both in Hom., the masc. more freq., gen. κῠνός, dat. κῠνί, acc. κύνα, voc. κύον Il. 8.423, κύων Archipp. 6: pl., nom. κύνες, gen. κυνῶν, dat. κυσί Il. 17.272, al., κύνεσσι 1.4, acc. κύνας: -
I dog, bitch, Hom., etc.; of shepherds’ dogs, Il. 10.183, 12.303; watch-dogs, 22.66; but in Hom. more freq. of hounds, Il. 8.338, al.; κυσὶ θηρευτῇσι 11.325; κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360; later, when of hounds, mostly in fem., S. Aj. 8, E. Hipp. 18, etc.; κ. Λάκαινα Pi. Fr. 106, S.l.c., X. Cyn. 10.1, cf. Arist. HA 608a27, al.; Μολοττικαὶ κ. Alexis Hist. ap. Ath. 12.54o d, etc.; but Ἰνδικοί Arist. GA 746a34, cf. Hdt. 1.192: prov., κυσὶν πεινῶσιν οὐχὶ βρώσιμα ’not fit for a dog’, Com.Adesp. 1205.4; χεῖρον ἐρεθίσαι γραῦν ἢ κύνα Men. 802; κύνα δέρειν δεδαρμένην ’flog a dead horse’, Pherecr. 179; ἡ κ. κατακειμένη ἐν τῇ φάτνῃ ’dog in the manger’, Luc. Ind. 30, al.; χαλεπὸν χορίω κύνα γεῦσαι it’s ill to let a dog ’taste blood’, Theoc. 10.11; νή or μὰ τὸν κύνα was a favourite oath of Socrates, Pl. [Rev 22:1-21] a (cf. Sch.), Grg. 482b; used familiarly at Athens, Ar. V. 83; οἷς ἦν μέγιστος ὅρκος.. κύων, ἔπειτα χήν· θεοὺς δ’ ἐσίγων, of primitive men, Cratin. 231.
II
1. as a word of reproach, freq. in Hom. of women, to denote shamelessness or audacity; applied by Helen to herself, Il. 6.344, 356; by Iris to Athena, 8.423; by Hera to Artemis, 21.481: of the maids in the house of Odysseus, Od. 18.338, al.: later, in a coarse sense, Ar. V. 1402; ἡ ῥαψῳδὸς κ., of the Sphinx, S. OT 391, cf. A. Fr. 236 (lyr.); of men, κακαὶ κ. Il. 13.623; implying recklessness, 8.299, 527, Od. 17.248, 22.35; also of offensive persons, compared to yapping dogs, LXX [Psa 22:17](21).17, [Php 3:2]; κ. λαίθαργος, = λαθροδήκτης, metaph., of a person, S. Fr. 885, cf. E. Fr. 555: prov., μὴ δῶτε τὸ ἅγιον τοῖς κ. [Mat 7:6].
2. metaph., of persons, watch-dog, guardian, τῶν σταθμῶν κ., of Agamemnon, A. Ag. 896; δωμάτων κ., of Clytemnestra, ib. 607, cf. Ar. Eq. 1023.
3. of the Cynics, ἀρέσκει τούτοις κυνῶν μεταμφιέννυσθαι βίον Phld. Sto.Herc. 339.8: hence, Cynic philosopher, Arist. Rh. 1411a24, AP 7.65 (Antip.), 413 (Id.), Plu. 2.717c, Ath. 5.216b, Epigr. ap. D.L. 6.19, 60, Baillet Inscriptions des tombeaux des rois 172.
III freq. in Mythology of the servants, agents or watchers of the gods, Διὸς πτηνὸς κύων, of the eagle, A. Pr. 1022, cf. Ag. 136 (lyr.), S. Fr. 884; of the griffins, Ζηνὸς ἀκραγεῖς κ. A. Pr. 803; of the Furies, μετάδρομοι.. πανουργημάτων ἄφυκτοι κ. S. El. 1388 (lyr.), cf. A. Ch. 924, E. Fr. 383; Pan is the κύων of Cybele, Pi. Fr. 96: Pythag., Περσεφόνης κύνες, of the planets, Arist. Fr. 196: so Com., Ἡφαίστου κ., of sparks, Alex. 149.16; of various mythical beings, as Cerberus, κ. Ἀΐδαο Il. 8.368, cf. Od. 11.623, X. An. 6.2.2; Harpies, A.R. 2.289; of Hecate, in Mithraic worship, Porph. Abst. 4.16; of the Βάκχαι, Λύσσας κ. E. Ba. 977 (lyr.); Λέρνας κ., of the hydra, Id. HF 420 (lyr.); of a great fish, Τρίτωνος κ. Lyc. 34. dog-fish or shark, Od. 12.96, cf. Epich. 68, Cratin. 161, Arist. HA 566a31; κ. ἄγριος, κ. γαλεός and κ. κεντρίτης or κεντρίνη, Opp. H. 1.373, Ael. NA 1.55; ξιφίας κ., of the sword-fish, Anaxipp. 2.3. = σείριος (q.v.), dog-star, i.e. the hound of Orion, Il. 22.29; in full, σειρίου κυνὸς δίκην S. Fr. 803, cf. A. Ag. 967; κυνὸς ψυχρὰν δύσιν S. Fr. 432.11; πρὸ τοῦ κυνός Eup. 147; μετὰ κυνὸς ἐπιτολήν, περὶ κ. ἐ., Arist. Mete. 361b35, HA 602a26; ἐπὶ κυνί ib. 600a4, Syngr. ap. D. 35.13; ὑπὸ κύνα Arist. HA 547a14, D.S. 19.109; περὶ κύνα Thphr. CP 3.3.3; μετὰ κύνα Id. HP 1.9.5; also of the whole constellation, Arat. 327, Gal. 17(1).17. the ace, the worst throw at dice, Poll. 9.100, Eust. 1289.63. frenum praeputii, Antyll. ap. Orib. 50.3.1: with pun on the prov. ap.Pherecr.l.c. (supr. 1), Ar. Lys. 158: with pun on signf.v, AP 5.104 (Mar Arg.). fetlock of a horse, Hippiatr. 77. unilateral facial paralysis, Gal. 8.573. = ἀπομαγδαλία, Dsc. ap. Eust. 1857.19. ξυλίνη κ., = κυνόσβατος, Orac. ap. Did ap. Ath. 2.70c. piece in the game of πόλεις, Cratin. 56.3 (dub.). (Cf. Skt. úvâ, gen. śúnas, Lith. šuõ, gen. šuñs, Lat. canis, Goth. hunds (κύων), etc.)