ὀρθός, ή, όν,
straight,
I
1. in height, upright, standing, Hom., who commonly joins it with στῆναι, στῆ δ’ ὀρθός Il. 23.271, al., cf. Hdt. 5.111, 9.22 (where it is used of a horse rearing); ὀρθαὶ τρίχες ἔσταν Il. 24.359, cf. Hes. Op. 540; ὀρθῶν ἑσταότων ἀγορή Il. 18.246; οἱ δ’ ἐν νηΐ μ’ ἔδησαν.. ὀρθὸν ἐν ἱστοπέδῃ Od. 12.179, cf. S. Aj. 239 (anap.); κυρβασίας.. ὀρθὰς εἶχον πεπηγυίας Hdt. 7.64; ὀρθὸν αἴρεις κάρα A. Ch. 496, etc.; ὀρθὸν οὖς ἵστησι pricks up his ear, S. El. 27, etc.; applied to the erect posture of man, Arist. PA 653a31, al.; ὀ. θηρίον, of man, Philem. 3; of buildings, standing with their walls entire, [τὸ Πάνακτον] ὀρθὸν παραδοῦναι Th. 5.42; ὀρθαὶ κίονες Pi. P. 4.267, cf. PLond. 3.755v. 2 (iv A. D.); of a standing crop, ib. 1165.2 (ii A. D.). Adv., ὀρθῶς ἑστῶτες Arist. PA 689b19. Geom., at right angles to.., εὐθεῖα πρὸς ἐπίπεδον ὀρθή ἐστιν ὅταν.. Euc. 11 Def. 3. Astrol., ὀρθὰ ζῴδια signs which rise vertically, opp. πλάγια, Doroth. in Cat. Cod. Astr. 5 (1). 240.
II in line, straight (opp. σκολιός crooked and πλάγιος aslant), ἀντ’ ἠελίου τετραμμένος ὀρθός straight, right opposite the sun, Hes. Op. 727; ὀρθὸν εὐθύνοι βέλος A. Fr. 200; ποιῶν ὀρθὰ πάντα πρὸς κανόνα IG 7.3073.108 (Lebadea, ii B. C.); ὀ. τρῶμα longitudinal to the muscle, opp. ἐπικάρσιος, Hp. Prorrh. 2.15; ὀρθὸς εἰς ὁδὸν πορεύεται S. Aj. 1254; εἶμι.. ὀ. ὁδόν Thgn. 945; ὀ. κέλευθον ἰών Pi. P. 11.39; ὀρθὴν κελεύεις, i. e. ὀρθὴν ὁδόν με ἰέναι κ., Ar. Av. 1; so ὀρθὴν ἄνω δίωκε (sc. όδόν) Id. Th. 1223 (but ὀρθήν, = εὐθύς, Hyp. Fr. 257); δι’ ὀρθῆς τήνδε ναυκληρεῖς πόλιν (sc. ὁδοῦ) S. Ant. 994; εἰς ὀρθὸν τρέχειν Diph. 61.5; εἰς ὀρθὸν ἀποδοῦναι to face the front originally held, Ascl. Tact. 10.1; κατ’ ὀρθὸν εὐδρομεῖν Men. 681; also ὀρθᾷ χερί straightway, Pi. O. 10(11).4; ὀρθῷ ποδί ib. 13.72, Fr. 167; but τιθέναι ὀρθὸν πόδα is prob. to put the foot out, as in walking, A. Eu. 294 (v. κατηρ??[Eph 1:1-23]), cf. E. Med. 1166.
2. βλέπειν ὀρθά, opp. being blind, S. OT 419; ὀρθὸν ἀνέβλεψε recovered his sight, IG 14.966 (Rome, ii A. D.); ἐξ ὀμμάτων ὀ.. κἀξ ὀρθῆς φρενός S. OT 528; ὀρθοῖς ὄμμασιν ib. 1385; v. ὄμμα 1.
III metaph.,
1 right, safe, prosperous: partly from signf. 1, τοὺς δὲ τομαῖς ἔστασεν ὀρθούς set them up, restored, Pi. P. 3.53; so ὀρθὸν ἀστάσας (= ἀναστήσας) IG 42(1).122.52 (Epid., iv B. C.); ἐς ὀρθὸν ἱστάναι τινά E. Supp. 1230; ὀρθὰν φυλάσσειν Τένεδον Pi. N. 11.5; so στάντες τ’ ἐς ὀρθὸν καὶ πεσόντες ὕστερον S. OT 50, cf. Pl. La. 181b; ταύτης ἔπι (sc. χθονός) πλέοντες ὀρθῆς (the state being represented as a ship) S. Ant. 190; ἐν ὀρθῷ κεῖσθαι Plb. 31.7.1. partly from signf. 11, κατ’ ὀρθὸν ἐξελθεῖν, of prophecies, S. OT 88, cf. OC 1424; κατ’ ὀρθὸν οὐρίσαι to speed in prosperous course, Id. OT 695 (lyr.).
2. right, true, correct, ἄγγελος, ἀγγελία, νόος, Pi. O. 6.90, P. 4.279, 10.68; μάρτυρες A. Eu. 318 (anap.), etc.; γλῶσσα S. Fr. 351; ὀρθᾷ φρενί Pi. O. 8.24; ὄρθ’ ἀκούειν to be rightly, truly called, S. OT 903 (lyr.); κατὰ τὸ ὀ. δικάζειν Hdt. 1.96; ὀ. λόγῳ strictly speaking, in very truth, Id. 2.17, 6.68, etc.: so in Adv., ὀρθῶς λέγειν Id. 1.51; ὀ. ἔλεξας S. Ph. 341; ὀ. φράσαι A. Ch. 526; εἴρηκας ὀ. S. El. 1040; ὀ. φρονεῖν A. Pr. 1000, Archyt. 1 (so εἰς ὀρθὸν φ. S. Fr. 612); ὀ. γνῶναι Antipho 2.2.8; ὀ. ἔχει it is right, c. inf., Pl. Euthphr. 9a; ὀ. ἐνδίκως τ’ ἐπώνυμον A. Th. 405, cf. 829 (anap.): in answers, rightly, exactly, Pl. Prt. 359e; ὀ. γε Diph. 32.18: Sup., ὀρθότατα καλεόμενος Hdt. 4.59; so τὸ ὀρθὸν ἐξείρηκα S. Tr. 374; φωνεῖν δίκης ἐς ὀρθόν ib. 347; κατ’ ὀρθόν Pl. Ti. 44b.
3. true, real, genuine, ὀ. πολιτεῖαι, opp. παρεκβάσεις, Arist. Pol. 1279a18, etc.; ὀ. μανία real madness, Ael. NA 11.32, cf. Theoc. 11.11. Adv. -θῶς really, truly, τοὺς ὀ. φιλομαθεῖς Pl. Phd. 67b; ὁ ὀ. κυβερνήτης Id. R. 341c; τὸν ὀ. συγγενῆ Diph. 102.
4. upright, just, ἐμμένειν ὀ. νόμῳ S. Aj. 350 (lyr.); τὸ ὀ. uprightness, Pl. R. 540d; ἐπιστήμη ἐνοῦσα καὶ ὀ. λόγος (v. λόγος IV. I) Id. Phd. 73a; ὁ ὀ. λόγος διὰ πάντων ἐρχόμενος (v. λόγος 111.7) Chrysipp.Stoic. 3.4; ὀ. λόγοι virtues on the intellectual side, Phld. Piet. 8. Adv. ὀρθῶς rightly, justly, Th. 3.56; ὀ. καὶ δικαίως Antipho 1.10, IG 22.228.14 (iv B. C.), IPE 12.32 B 73 (Olbia, iii B. C.), etc.; ὀ. καὶ νομίμως Isoc. 7.28.
5. of persons, ’straight’, straightforward, σμικροὶ καὶ οὐκ ὀρθοὶ τὰς ψυχάς Pl. Tht. 173a.
6. on tiptoe, full of expectation, excited, ὀρθῆς τῆς πόλεως γενομένης διά τι Isoc. 16.7; τὴν Ἑλλάδα ὀρθὴν οὖσαν ἐπί τινι Id. 5.70; ὀ. ἦν ἡ πόλις ἐπὶ τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν Lycurg. 39, cf. Hyp. Fr. 39; ὀ. καὶ μετέωροι ταῖς διανοίαις Plb. 28.17.11; ὀ. καὶ περίφοβος ἦν ἡ πόλις Id. 3.112.6; ὀ. διὰ τὸν φόβον D.S. 16.84; ὀ. καὶ δραστήριος διὰ τὸ θαρρεῖν Plu. Phil. 12. ἡ ὀρθή,
1 (sc. ὁδός) v. supr. 11.1.
2. ὀ. γωνία right angle, Pl. Ti. 55b; so ὀ. alone, Arist. EN 1098a30, al.; cf. ὄρθιος v. 1: τέμνειν πρὸς ὀρθάς to cut at right angles, Euc. 3.3, al.; εἴ τις δείξειεν ὅτι αἱ ὀρθαὶ οὐ συμπίπτουσι.. that right angles do not meet (short for ’that two straight lines making, with a third, interior angles equal to two right angles, etc.’), Arist. AP 0.74a13; τὸ δυσὶν ὀρθαῖς the theorem that the angles of a triangle are together equal to two right angles, ib.85b5; ὀρθὸς κῶνος, κύλινδρος, a right cone, cylinder, Archim. Sph.Cyl. 1.26, 1.11.
3. (with or without πτῶσις) nominative, Lat. casus rectus, opp. the oblique cases, D.T. 636.3, Str. 14.2.28, A.D. Pron. 39.10, al., S.E. M. 1.177. ὀρθά active verbs, opp. ὕπτια (passive) and οὐδέτερα (neuter), Chrysipp.Stoic. 2.59. ὀ. τόνος real or unmodified (cf. supr. 111.3) accent, opp. ἐγκλινόμενος, A.D. Pron. 36.10, al.; so ὀρθὴ τάσις ib. 54.8, al. (The gloss of Hsch., βορθ-αγορίσκοι, = ὀ., and the dialect forms of Ὀρθεία (q.v.), suggest that the word orig. had ϝ.)