μάχομαι [ᾰ],
Ion. pres. opt. μαχέοιτο Il. 1.272, μαχέοιντο ib. 344 (v.l. μαχέονται); part. μαχεόμενος v.l. in Hdt. 7.104 (elsewh. μαχόμενος, 9.75,al.); μαχειόμενος Od. 17.471, μαχεούμενος 11.403, 24.113: impf. μαχέσκετο Il. 7.140: fut. μαχήσομαι 23.621, Hdt. 7.209; μαχέσομαι, δια-μαχεσόμεθα (as v.l.) Id. 9.48; also in late Prose, J. AJ 11.8.3, Plu. 2.215f; μαχοῦμαι S. OC 837, Ar. Pl. 1076, etc., μαχεῖται even in Il. 20.26, but μαχέονται 2.366; μαχέσσομαι v.l. for μαχήσομαι 1.298: aor. ἐμαχεσάμην Hdt. 1.18, etc.; opt. μαχέσαιο Il. 6.329; inf. μαχέσασθαι 17.178, also μαχέσσασθαι 15.633; opt. μαχεσσαίμεσθα Theoc. 22.74; part. μαχεσσαμένω Il. 1.304; later μαχήσασθαι Paus. 1.27.1, (ἀνα -) D.S. 19.93: pf. μεμάχημαι Th. 7.43, Lys. 7.41, Isoc. 6.54: late aor. ἐμαχέσθην Plu. 2.970f, Paus. 5.4.9: fut. μαχεσθήσομαι only Sch.rec. A. Th. 672: -
I
1. fight, Hom., etc.; ὑσμῖνι μ. Il. 2.863; πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μ. ib. 452, etc.; μάχην μ. X. Ages. 5.5: in Hom. mostly of armies and persons fighting as parts of armies, but sts. of single combat, Il. 3.91, 433, 7.51, 111, 279, Od. 18.31, 39; between men and beasts, Il. 15.633, Od. 20.15; between beasts, Il. 16.824: - Constr.: c. dat. pers., fight with, i. e. against, one, ἀνδράσιν ἶφι μ. Il. 1.151, cf. S. Ph. 1253, etc.; μ. ἀντία, ἐναντίον τινός, Il. 20.88, 97; ἐπί τινι 5.124, etc.; πρός τινα 17.471, but πρὸς δαίμονα against heaven’s will, ib. 98 (in Att. Prose, mostly c. dat. or πρός, μ. τοῖς πολεμίοις D. 4.47; πρὸς ἀλλήλους Isoc. 4.116); μ. σὺν σοί,.. θεά, with thy help, Od. 13.390; μετὰ πρώτοισι μ. among the foremost, Il. 5.575; μετὰ Βοιωτῶν μ. with them, in their ranks, 13.700; πρός τινας μετ’ ἀλλήλων Isoc. 10.53, cf. Pl. Smp. 179a; κατὰ σφέας γὰρ μαχέονται will fight by themselves, Il. 2.366 (but κατ’ ἕνα μ. fight in single combat, Hdt. 7.104); μ. πρό τινος before him: hence, metaph., for him, in his defence, Il. 4.156, 8.56, X. HG 5.4.33, etc.; ὑπὲρ τοῦ νόμου Heraclit. 44; πάτρας ὕπερ E. Ph. 1002; Ἕλλησιν ὑπὲρ Ἑλλήνων Pl. Mx. 239b; περὶ δαιτί Od. 2.245; but later usu. περί τινος, A. Supp. 740, Cratin. 163, Hdt. 1.95; ἀμφί τινι Il. 3.70, 91; ἀμφὶ νέκυι 16.565; εἵνεκά τινος 2.377: c. dat. instrum., τόξοισι, πελέκεσσι μ., 7.140, 15.711 (χερσὶ μαχέσσασθαι, of boxers, Od. 18.39); μ. ἀπ’ ἵππου fight from horseback, Hdt. 9.63; τὸ μήπω μεμαχημένον the force that had not yet come into action, Th. 7.43.
2. c. acc., fight against, only f.l. in Philostr. Im. 2.23.
II generally, quarrel, wrangle, ἔριδι μ. Il. 1.8; μ. ἐπέεσσιν ib. 304, etc.; τινι 5.875, 13.118; τῷ παιδὶ μ. make a scene with.., Thphr. Char. 23.8; dispute, argue, περί τι μ. Pl. R. 342d, etc.
III contend for the mastery in games, etc., πὺξ μ. Il. 23.621; measure oneself with or against, τινι 1.272; παγκράτιον μ. Ar. V. 1190, 1195; μ. Ὀλυμπιάδα Philostr. Gym. 21. after Hom., struggle against a force, ἀνάγκᾳ δ’ οὐδὲ θεοὶ μ. Simon. 5.21; ὄμβρῳ Alc. Supp. 26.4; πρὸς ἡνίας μ. A. Pr. 1010; πρὸς ἐπιθυμίας ἢ ἡδονάς Pl. La. 191e; μ. τῷ λιμῷ, τῷ δίψει, X. Cyr. 3.1.5. c. inf., struggle, make an effort to do, Arist. HA 552a23. of arguments, propositions, etc., to be in contradiction or inconsistent, τρία ὁμολογήματα μ. αὐτὰ αὑτοῖς Pl. Tht. 155b, cf. Plb. 16.28.4; μαχόμενα Phld. Mus. p.95 K., S.E. P. 1.198, al.