H7585. sheol
שְׁאָ֫לָה [Isa 7:11] see שְׁאוֺל 1 below
שְׁאֹל שְׁאוֺל, noun feminine[Psa 86:13] (apparently masculine [Job 26:6] compare [Isa 14:9], see AlbrZAW xvi(1896), 51) She®°ôl, underworld (√ dubious; שׁאל, i.e. palce of inquiry (reference to necromancy) JastrAmos. Jsem. Lang. xiv. 170. cf JBL xix (1900), 88 ff. (JeremLebenn. d. Tode 109 'Ort der Entscheidung'); Thes BöDe Inf. § 158 Di and others compare √ שׁעל, whence שֹׁעַל hallow hand, etc.; ׳שׁ then = hallow place, 'Hölle', hell; other conjectures see HupPs. 66 De[5:14] BeerBibl. Hades in HoltzmannFestgabe,1902, 15; most now refrain from positive etymology (e.g. Buhl); Old Aramaic שאול, Syriac ; Assyrian šu-alu is dubious: so reads and interprets Dlpa 121, Prol.47. 145 JastrAmos. J. Semitic Lang. xiv. 165 ff. Ency. Bibs.v.; opposed to by BertinTSBA viii. 269 JenKosmol.223 ff. ZimKAT 3. 636 and others; see also Muss-ArnJBL xi (1892), 169 and references); — always absolute, שְׁאוֺל [Deut 32:22] [52]t.,הָ֯ [Gen 42:38]; [Psa 9:18]; שְׁאֹל [1Kin 2:6]; [Job 17:16], הָ֯ [Gen 37:35] [7]t.; + [Isa 7:11] (so read for שְׁאָ֫לָה Aq Σ Θ Du Che and now most); —
1 the underworld, ׳שׁ תַּחְתִּית [Deut 32:22], מִתַּחַת [Isa 14:9]; ׳מִשּׁ מִ֑טָּה [Prov 15:24]; || מָוֶת [5:5]; [7:27]; [Song 8:6]; [Psa 89:49]; whither men descend at death, [Gen 37:35] (E), [42:38]; [44:29], [31] (J), [1Sam 2:6]; [1Kin 2:6], [9]; [Job 7:9]; [21:13]; [Isa 14:11], [15]; [Psa 88:4], and Korah and associates go down alive by ׳יs judgment, [Num 16:30], [33] (J), compare [Psa 55:16]; under mountains and sea [Job 26:6] (compare [26:5]), שׁ ׳בֶּטֶן [Jonah 2:3] (compare [2:7]); with bars [Job 17:16] (si vera 1.: see ᵐ5 Du); שׁ ׳מִּי [Psa 141:7]; שׁ ׳שַׁעֲרֵי [Isa 38:10]; personified [28:15], [18] (|| מות). as insatiable monster [5:14]; [Hab 2:5]; [Prov 1:12]; [27:20]; [30:16]; as said (figurative) to have snares, שׁ ׳חֶבְלֵי [Psa 18:6] = [2Sam 22:6] compare שׁ ׳מְצָרֵי [Psa 116:3]; opposed to (height of) שָׁמַיִם [Amos 9:2]; [Job 11:8]; [Psa 139:8] + (opposed to לְמָ֑עְלָה) [Isa 7:11] (see above); dark, gloomy, without return [Job 17:13] (compare [17:16]; [7:9]; [10:21]; [16:22]; all being alike [3:17-19]; [21:23-26] ); without work or knowledge or wisdom according to [Eccl 9:5-6], [10] (compare [Job 14:21], and see רְפָאִים below רפה; yet compare [Isa 14:9]f.).
2 condition of righteous and wicked distinguished in ׳שׁ (later than 1 Samuel 28, especially inWisdom Literature):
a. wicked לִשְׁא֑וֺלָה יָשׁוּבוּ [Psa 9:18], לִשׁ ׳יִדְּמוּ [31:18]; death is their shepherd, without power and honour they waste away [49:15] (twice in verse); ׳שׁ consumes them as drought water [Job 24:19]; righteous dread it because no praise or presence of God there (as in temple) [Psa 6:6] (compare [88:5]), [Isa 38:18]; deliverance from it a blessing [Psa 30:4]; [86:13]; [Prov 23:14]. In Ezek. ׳שׁ is land below, place of reproach, abode of uncircumcised [Ezek 31:15-16], [17]; [32:21], [27]
b. righteous shall not be aban-doned, ׳לשׁ [Ezek 16:10] (|| שַׁחַת q. v.; opposed to חַיִּים אִרַח etc., [16:11], compare [17:15]), is ransomed from ׳שׁ Ezek 49:16 (compare Ezek 73:23; Ezek 73:25; [Isa 57:1-2],); compare Job's expectation and desire [Job 14:13]; [17:13] (compare [10:21]; [19:25]f.).
3 later distinction of places in ׳שׁ:
a. depths of ׳שׁ for sensualist [Prov 9:18].
b. ׳שׁ וַאֲבַדּוֺן [Prov 25:11], see אֲבַדּוֺן. [שַׁחַת and בּוֺר, q. v., when || ׳שׁ, are usually in bad sense([Psa 88:4]); probably = pit in ׳שׁ, > ׳שׁ itself as pit; words at least prepare for local distinctions of post-Biblical Judaism and NT.]
4 ׳שׁ figurative of extreme degradation in sin [Isa 57:9]; as place of exile for Israel [Hosea 13:14] (twice in verse) (compare [Isa 26:19]).