H5358. naqam
[נָקַם] verb avenge, take vengeance (Ecclus 46:1e אויב נקמי להנקם (Niph`al + accusative of congnate meaning with verb); נקם, noun also [Eccl 12:6] (compare [Deut 32:41]), Ecclesiasticus 39:30; Ecclesiasticus 48:7; Late Hebrew נָקַם especially in derivatives; Aramaic נְקַם (rare), in derived species; Arabic take vengeance ( upon), Lane3037; compare Ethiopic Di458 vindictae studium, ultionis cupido; Assyrian i‡‡imu, vengeance, requital, is possibly from √ אקם JägerBAS ii. 279); —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular suffix נְקָמֵ֫נִי [1Sam 24:13]; Imperfect יִקּוֺם [Deut 32:43]; יִקֹּם [Josh 10:13]; [2]masculine singular תִּקֹּם [Lev 19:18]; Infinitive absolute נָקֹם [Exod 21:20]; construct נְקֹם [Ezek 24:8]; [25:12]; Imperative נְקֹם [Num 31:2]; Participle נִקֵם [Nahum 1:2-3]t.; feminine נֹקֶ֫מֶת [Lev 26:25]; —
1 avenge, take vengeance:
a. God subject יִקּוֺם עֲבָדָיו דַּם [Deut 32:43] the blood of his servants he avengeth (against those who slew them) (+ [1Kin 2:5] ᵐ5L Klo); ׳נ absolute [Nahum 1:2] (twice in verse) with לְ (against Nineveh) [1:2]; ׳נ נָקָם (against Jerusalem) [Ezek 24:8]; עַלעֲֿלִילוֺהָם on their doings (his people's) [Psa 99:8]; ׳נ בְּרִית נְקַם [Lev 26:25] (H) the vengeance of the covenant (against those who break it); נְקָמַנִי[1Sam 24:13], with מִן of person from whom vengeance is taken (compare [Jer 20:10]).
b. Israel and its leaders against their enemies, ׳נ נקמה with מִן against whom [Num 31:2] (P); with accusative אֹיְבָיו יִקֹּם [Josh 10:13] (poem).
c. Edom against Judah ׳נ לְ נקם [Ezek 25:12].
d. in administration of justice against murder [Exod 21:20] (E).
2 entertain revengeful feelings (opposed to אהב) against neighbour forbidden [Lev 19:18] (H).
Niph`al Perfect1singular נִקַּ֫מְתִּי [Judg 15:7]; [1Sam 14:24]; [3]masculine plural נִקְּמוּ [Ezek 25:12]; imperfect יִנָּקֵם [Exod 21:20]; [1]singular אִנָָּֽקְמָה [Judg 16:28]; [Isa 1:24]; [3]masculine plural יִנָָּֽקְמוּ [Ezek 25:15]; Infinitive הִנָּקֵם [Jer 46:10] [2]t.; Imperative הִנָּ֫קֶם [15:15]; plural הִנָָּֽקְמוּ [50:15]: —
1 avenge oneself,
a. ׳י subject with מִן of adversary [Isa 1:24]; [Jer 46:10]; with מִן advers., לְ for whom [15:15]; with בְּ adversary [50:15].
b. of Israel and champions with מִן [Judg 16:28]; [1Sam 14:24]; [Est 8:13]; with בְּ [Judg 15:7]; [1Sam 18:25].
c. of enemies against Israel ׳נ נקם [Ezek 25:15]; with בְּ [25:12].
2 suffer vengeance (of law against murder) [Exod 21:20] (E).
Piel Perfect1singular נִקַּ֫מְתִּי [2Kin 9:7]; [Jer 51:36]; — avenge, ׳י subject מיד דָּמִים [2Kin 9:7] blood at hands of; ׳נ נִקְמָתֵךָ [Jer 51:36] take vengeance for thee.
Hoph`al Imperfect יֻקַּם [Gen 4:24]; [Exod 21:21], יֻקָּ֑ם [Gen 4:15] be avenged, vengeance be taken (for blood).
Hithpa`el Imperfect תִּתְנַקֵּם [Jer 5:9], [29]; [9:8]; Participle מִתְנַקֵּם [Psa 8:3]; [44:17]; avenge oneself, ׳י subject בְּ ׳נַפְשִׁי תִתְנַקֵּם לֹא [Jer 5:9], [29]; [9:8]; of Israel's enemies וּמִתְנַקֵּם אוֺיֵב [Psa 8:3]; [44:17].
נָקַם
原文音譯：~q;n" naw-kam’
詞類次數：動詞（35）
原文字根：升起；相當於G292（ἀμύνομαι） G1556（ἐκδικέω）
字義溯源：懷恨*，意即：處罰，受刑，伸冤，遭報，施報，施行，報應，報仇，報復，
出現次數：總共（35）；創（2）；出（3）；利（2）；民（1）；申（1）；書（1）；士（2）；撒上（3）；王下（1）；斯（1）；詩（3）；賽（1）；耶（7）；結（4）；鴻（3）
譯字彙編：
1）報仇（13）[利19:18]；[書10:13]；[士15:7]；[撒上14:24]；[撒上18:25]；[斯8:13]；[賽1:24]；[耶15:15]；[耶46:10]；[耶51:36]；[結25:12]；[結25:12]；[結25:15]；
2）報復（4）[利26:25]；[士16:28]；[耶5:9]；[耶9:9]；
3）施報（2）[鴻1:2]；[鴻1:2]；
4）施報的（1）[鴻1:2]；
5）施行（1）[結24:8]；
6）就可⋯受刑（1）[出21:21]；
7）你們要⋯報仇（1）[耶50:15]；
8）他要伸⋯冤（1）[申32:43]；
9）報復呢（1）[耶5:29]；
10）我要⋯伸冤（1）[王下9:7]；
11）和報仇人（1）[詩44:16]；
12）受刑（1）[出21:20]；
13）他必要（1）[出21:20]；
14）報復了（1）[創4:24]；
15）報（1）[民31:2]；
16）為我伸冤（1）[撒上24:12]；
17）必遭報（1）[創4:15]；
18）和報仇的（1）[詩8:2]；
19）報應（1）[詩99:8]