νεκρός, ὁ

(of a woman, Diph. 129),

I

1. corpse, Hom., etc.: as Subst., in early writers always of mankind, νεκροὺς συλήσετε τεθνηῶτας Il. 6.71; ν. ἔρυον κατατεθνηῶτας 18.540: freq. of those killed in battle, τοὺς ν. ὑποσπόνδους ἀνείλοντο Th. 4.44, etc.: in sg., νεκρῷ ἐούσῃ Μελίσσῃ Hdt. 5.92. η’; κεῖται ν. περὶ νεκρῷ S. Ant. 1240, etc.; Πατρόκλῳ ν. ὄντι Pl. R. 391b: the Art. is freq. omitted even of a particular corpse, esp. when a gen. is added, ν. γυναικός, ἀνθρώπου, Hdt. 2.89, 90, cf. A. Ag. 659, Th. 1018; later, of a fish, ν. ἰχθύος M.Ant. 6.13: neut. pl. νεκρά, τά, Plu. 2.773d: metaph., νεκρὰ καὶ καπνός M.Ant. 12.33.

2. dying person, μυχθισμὸς νεκρῶν E. Rh. 789; ν. ἀσπαίροντες Antipho 2.4.5; ν. ἀποθνῄσκοντες Th. 2.52.

3. metaph., ὁ υἱός μου ν. ἦν καὶ ἀνέζησε Luk 15:24; ὄνομα ἔχεις ὅτι ζῇς καὶ ν. εἶ Rev 3:1; ν. τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ Rom 6:11.

4. in pl., the dead, as dwellers in the nether world, κλυτὰ ἔθνεα νεκρῶν Od. 10.526, cf. 11.34, etc.; ἐν νεκροῖς LXX Psa 87:5(88).5; ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγεῖραι Joh 12:1; ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ ἐκ ν. Luk 20:35: metaph., ζωὴ ἐκ ν. Rom 11:15.

II

1. as Adj. νεκρός, ά, όν, dead, first in Pi., ν. ἵππος Fr. 203; ν. σώματα Mitteis Chr. 31 ii 22 (ii B.C.), Ach.Tat. 3.5, cf. Nic.Dam. 58 J., Plu. 2.685b, X. Eph 5:1, POxy. 51.8 (ii A.D.), BGU 1024vii26 (iv/v A.D.) (but also τὰ τῶν ν. σώματα Pl. Lg. 959b; σῶμα.. νεκροῦ E. Hec. 679); ν. χελώνη Luc. DDeor. 7.4: Comp. -ότερος AP 11.135 (Lucill.).

2. inanimate, inorganic, opp. ἔμψυχος, Plot. 3.6.6; οὐχὶ ν., ὥσπερ λίθον ἢ ξύλον, ἀλλὰ ζω[]ν Id. 4.7.9; οὐρανὸς.. ὢν πρὸ ψυχῆς σῶμα ν., γῆ καὶ ὕδωρ Id. 5.1.2; ἡ ν. θάλασσα the Dead Sea, Paus. 5.7.4, Gal. 11.690, Orph. A. 1082.

3. metaph., ν. πλοῦτος Philostr. VS 2.1.1.

νεκρός nekros 128x

    dead, without life, Mat 11:5; Mat 22:31;

    met. νεκρός τινι, dead to a thing, no longer devoted to, or under the influence of a thing, Rom 6:11;

    dead in respect of fruitlessness, Jas 2:17; Jas 2:20; Jas 2:26;

    morally or spiritually dead, Rom 6:13; Eph 5:14;

    dead in alienation from God, Eph 2:1; Eph 2:5; Col 2:13;

    subject to death, mortal, Rom 8:10;

    causing death and misery, fatal, having a destructive power, Heb 6:1; Heb 9:14 dead.

G3498 — νεκρός

νεκρά, νεκρόν (akin to the Latinneco, nex (from a root signifying 'to disappear' etc.; cf. Curtius, § 93; Fick i., p. 123; Vanicek, p. 422f)), the Sept. chiefly for מֵת; dead, i. e.:

1. properly,

a. one that has breathed his last, lifeless: Mat 28:4; Mar 9:26; Luk 7:15; Act 5:10; Act 20:9; Act 28:6; Heb 11:35; Rev 1:17; ἐπί νεκροῖς, if men are dead (where death has occurred (see ἐπί, Buttmann, 2 a. ε., p. 233a at the end)), Heb 9:17; ἐγείρειν νεκρούς, Mat 10:8; Mat 11:5; Luk 7:22; hyperbolically and proleptically equivalent to as if already dead, sure to die, destined inevitably to die: τό σῶμα, Rom 8:10 (τό σῶμα and τό σωμάτιον φύσει νεκρόν, Epictetus diss. 3, 10, 15 and 3, 22, 41; in which sense Luther called the human body, although alive,einen alten Madensack (cf. Shakespeare's "thou worms-meat!")); said of the body of a dead man (so in Homer often; for נְבֵלָה a corpse Deu 28:26; Isa 26:19; Jer 7:33; Jer 9:22; Jer 19:7): μετά τῶν νεκρῶν, among the dead, i. e. the buried, Luk 24:5; θάψαι τούς νεκρούς, Mat 8:22; Luk 9:60; ὀστέα νεκρῶν, Mat 23:27; of the corpse of a murdered man, αἷμα ὡς νεκροῦ, Rev 16:3 (for הָרוּג, Eze 37:9; for חָלָל,thrust through, slain, Eze 9:7; Eze 11:6).

b. deceased, departed, one whose soul is in Hades: Rev 1:18; Rev 2:8; νεκρός ἦν, was like one dead, as good as dead, Luk 15:24, Luk 15:32; plural, 1Co 15:29; Rev 14:13; ἐν Χριστῷ, dead Christians (see ἐν, I. 6 b., p. 211b), 1Th 4:16; very often οἱ νεκροί and νεκροί (without the article; see Winers Grammar, p. 123 (117) and cf. Buttmann, 89 (78) note) are used of the assembly of the dead (see ἀνάστασις, 2 and ἐγείρω, 2): 1Pe 4:6; Rev 20:5, Rev 20:12f; τίς ἀπό τῶν νεκρῶν, one (returning) from the dead, the world of spirits, Luk 16:30; ἐκ νεκρῶν, from the dead, occurs times too many to count (see ἀνάστασις, ἀνίστημι, ἐγεριω): ἀνάγειν τινα ἐκ νεκρῶν, Rom 10:7; Heb 13:20; ζωή ἐκ νεκρῶν, life springing forth from death, i. e. the return of the dead to life (see ἐκ, I. 5), Rom 11:15; πρωτότοκος ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν who was the first that returned to life from among the dead, Col 1:18; also πρωτότοκος τῶν νεκρῶν Rev 1:5; ζοωποίειν τούς νεκρούς Rom 4:17; ἐγείρειν τινα ἀπό τῶν νεκρῶν, to rouse one to quit (the assembly of) the dead, Mat 14:2; Mat 27:64; Mat 28:7; κρίνειν ζῶντας καί νεκρούς, 2Ti 4:1; 1Pe 4:5; κριτής ζώντων καί νεκρῶν, Act 10:42; νεκρῶν καί ζώντων κυριεύειν, Rom 14:9.

c. destitute of life, without life, inanimate (equivalent to ἄψυχος): τό σῶμα χωρίς πνεύματος νεκρόν ἐστιν, Jam 2:26; οὐκ ἐστιν (ὁ) Θεός νεκρῶν ἀλλά ζώντων, God is the guardian God not of the dead but of the living, Mat 22:32; Mar 12:27; Luk 20:38.

2. tropically:

a. (spiritually dead, i. e.) "destitute of a life that recognizes and is devoted to God, because given up to trespasses and sins; inactive as respects doing right": Joh 5:25; Rom 6:13; Eph 5:14; Rev 3:1; with τοῖς παραπτώμασιν (the dative of cause (cf. Winer's Grammar, 412 (384f))) added, Eph 2:1, Eph 2:5; ἐν (but T Tr WH omit ἐν) τοῖς παραπτοις Col 2:13; in the pointed saying ἄφες τούς νεκρούς θάψαι τούς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς, leave those who are indifferent to the salvation offered them in the gospel, to bury thee bodies of their own dead, Mat 8:22; Luk 9:60.

b. universally, destitute of force or power, inactive, inoperative: τῇ ἁμαρτία, unaffected by the desire to sin (cf. Winers Grammar, 210 (199); Buttmann, § 133, 12), Rom 6:11; of things: ἁμαρτία, Rom 7:8; πίστις, Jam 2:17, Jam 2:20 (R G), 26; ἔργα, powerless and fruitless (see ἔργον, 3, p. 248b bottom), Heb 6:1; Heb 9:14. (Cf. θνητός, at the end)

νεκρός , - ά , - όν ,

[in LXX chiefly for H4191;]

dead,

I. as adj. ,

1. prop .: Act 5:10; Act 20:9, Ja 226, Rev 1:18, al. ; ὡσεὶ ν ., Mat 28:4, Mar 9:26, Rev 1:17;of that which is subject to death, Rom 8:10.

2. Metaph .,

(a) of persons: Luk 15:24; Luk 15:32; of those immersed in worldly cares, Mat 8:22, Luk 9:60; of spiritual death, Joh 5:25, Rom 6:13, Eph 5:14, Rev 3:1; τ . παραπτώμασιν , Eph 2:1; Eph 2:5, Col 2:13; of the opposite condition, ν . τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ Rom 6:11;

(b) of things regarded as inoperative, devoid of power: ἁμαρτία , Rev 7:8; πίοτις , Jas 2:17; Jas 2:26; ἔργα , Heb 6:1; Heb 9:14.

II. As subst ., νεκρός , ὁ ( Hom ., a1.), chiefly in pl . ( o ἱ ) ν ., the dead: Mat 11:5, Mar 12:26, Luk 20:37, 1Co 15:15, al. ; ἀνάστασις ( τ .) νεκρῶν , Mat 22:31, Act 17:32, al. ; ν . . . . ζῶντες , Mat 22:32, Mar 12:27, Act 10:42, al. ; ἀπὸ νεκρῶν , Luk 16:30; ἐκ ν ., Mar 6:14, Luk 24:46, Joh 12:1, Act 13:34, Rom 10:7, al. ; πρωτότοκος ἐκ τῶν ν ., Col 1:18; ζωὴ ἐκ ν ., Rom 11:15; constr. praegn., ἐκ ν . ζῶντες , Rom 6:13.

詞類次數：形容詞（131）

原文字根：死 相當於：H4191（מוּת‎） H4194（מָוֶת‎）

字義溯源：死，死人，死的，死了的人，人死了，無用的；源自（G3500（νέκρωσις）X*=屍體）。這字用了130次，其中80次將死與復活（或生命）連在一起。主耶穌說，神不是死人的神，乃是活人的神（太22:32）。然而保羅說，基督死了又活了，為要作死人並活人的主（羅14:9）

出現次數：總共（130）；太（12）；可（7）；路（14）；約（8）；徒（18）；羅（17）；林前（13）；林後（1）；加（1）；弗（4）；腓（1）；西（3）；帖前（2）；提後（2）；來（7）；雅（3）；彼前（4）；啓（13）

譯字彙編：

1）死（58）太14:2；太17:9；太27:64；太28:7；可6:14；可9:9；可9:10；可12:25；路9:7；路15:24；路15:32；路16:31；路20:35；路24:46；約2:22；約12:1；約12:9；約12:17；約20:9；約21:14；徒3:15；徒4:2；徒4:10；徒10:41；徒13:30；徒13:34；徒17:3；徒17:31；徒26:23；羅1:4；羅4:17；羅4:24；羅6:4；羅6:9；羅6:13；羅7:4；羅8:10；羅8:11；羅8:11；羅8:34；羅10:7；羅10:9；羅11:15；林前15:12；林前15:20；加1:1；弗1:20；弗2:1；弗2:5；腓3:11；西1:18；西2:12；帖前1:10；提後2:8；來13:20；彼前1:3；彼前1:21；啓20:5；

2）死人（42）太8:22；太8:22；太10:8；太11:5；太22:31；太28:4；可12:26；路7:15；路7:22；路9:60；路9:60；路20:37；路24:5；約5:21；約5:25；徒23:6；徒24:15；徒24:21；徒26:8；羅14:9；林前15:12；林前15:13；林前15:15；林前15:16；林前15:21；林前15:29；林前15:29；林前15:32；林前15:35；林前15:52；林後1:9；弗5:14；提後4:1；來6:2；來11:19；來11:35；啓1:5；啓11:18；啓20:12；啓20:12；啓20:13；啓20:13；

3）死人的（8）太22:32；太23:27；可12:27；路20:38；徒10:42；林前15:42；彼前4:5；啓16:3；

4）死的（7）羅6:11；來6:1；來9:14；雅2:17；雅2:26；雅2:26；啓3:1；

5）死了（5）可9:26；徒5:10；徒28:6；西2:13；啓1:17；

6）死過（2）啓1:18；啓2:8；

7）給死的（1）彼前4:6；

8）（死）人（1）啓14:13；

9）人死了（1）來9:17；

10）已死了（1）徒20:9；

11）死裏的（1）路16:30；

12）死裏（1）徒17:32；

13）是死的（1）羅7:8；

14）死了的人（1）帖前4:16