ἀριθμός [ ᾰ], (ἁρ- IG 1.164), ὁ,
I
1. number, first in Od., λέκτο δ’ ἀριθμόν 4.451; ἀριθμῷ παῦρα Semon. 3; ἓν ἀριθμῷ Hdt. 3.6; ἀριθμὸν ἕξ Id. 1.14, cf. 50; ἐς τὸν ἀ. τρισχίλια Id. 7.97; πλῆθος ἐς ἀ. the amount in point of number, ib. 60; τὸν ἀ. δώδεκα Euphro 11.11; δύο τινὲς ἢ τρεῖς.. εἰς τὸν ἀ. Men. 165; ἔλαττον μήτε ὄγκῳ μήτε ἀριθμῷ Pl. Tht. 155a; οὔτ’ ἀριθμοῖς οὔτε μεγέθεσιν ἐλάττους Id. Lg. 861e; σταθμῷ καὶ ἀ. X. Smp. 4.45; δι’ ἀ. καὶ μέτρου Plu. Per. 16, cf. E. Tr. 620: prov., λέγειν ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν ’count the pebbles on the shore’, Pi. O. 13.46, cf. 2.98; οὐ γιγνώσκων ψήφων ἀριθμούς, of a blockhead, Ephipp. 19; οὔτ’ ἀριθμὸν οὔτ’ ἔλεγχον.. ἔχων Dionys.Com. 3.13.
2. amount, sum, πολὺς ἀ. χρόνου Aeschin. 1.78; ἀ. τῆς ὁδοῦ X. An. 2.2.6; ἀ. [χρυσίου] a sum of money, Id. Cyr. 8.2.16.
3. ἀριθμῷ, abs., in certain numbers, Hdt. 6.58; but δένδρα ἀριθμῷ ὑμέτερα by tale, Th. 2.72; ἀ. διδόναι Dionys.Com. 3.6.
4. item or term in a series, ὁ δεύτερος ἀ. E. Ion 1014; τρίτον ὠδίνων ἀ. Epigr.Gr. 574; ναῦς πολλοὺς ἀ. ἄγνυται ναυαγίων E. Hel. 410, cf. Arist. Po. 1461b24; τοὺς ἀ. τοῦ σώματος points of the body, Pl. Lg. 668d; τοὺς ἀ. ἑκάστου τῶν νοσημάτων Hp. Acut. 3; τὸ καλὸν ἐκ πολλῶν ἀ. ἐπιτελεῖσθαι Plu. 2.45c: hence as a mark of completeness, πάντας τοὺς ἀ. περιλαβών Isoc. 11.16; τοῦ καθήκοντος τοὺς ἀριθμούς the sum total of duty, M.Ant. 3.1.
5. number, account, as a mark of station, worth, rank, μετ’ ἀνδρῶν ἵζει ἀριθμῷ takes his place among men, Od. 11.449; εἰς ἀνδρῶν μὲν οὐ τελοῦσιν ἀ. E. Fr. 492; εἰς ἀ. τῶν κακῶν πεφύκαμεν Id. Hec. 1186; ξενίας ἀριθμῷ πρῶτ’ ἔχειν ἐμῶν φίλων in regard of friendship, ib. 794; δειλοὶ γὰρ ἄνδρες οὐκ ἔχουσιν ἐν μάχῃ ἀριθμόν have no account made of them, Id. Fr. 519; οὐδ’ εἰς ἀ. ἥκει λόγων she comes not into my account, Id. El. 1054; ἀ. οὐδεὶς οὐδὲ λόγος ἐστί τινος Plu. 2.682f, cf. Call. Epigr. 27.6, Orac. ap. Sch. Theoc. 14.48.
6. mere number, quantity, opp. quality, ταῦτ’ οὐκ ἀ. ἐστιν, ὦ πάτερ, λόγων a mere set of words, S. OC 382; of men, οὐκ ἀ. ἄλλως not a mere lot, E. Tr. 476; ἀριθμός, πρόβατ’ ἄλλως Ar. Nu. 1203; sometimes even of a single man, οὐκ ἀριθμὸν ἀλλ’ ἐτητύμως ἄνδρ’ ὄντα not a mere unit, E. Heracl. 997; also ἀριθμὸν πληροῦν to be a mere cipher, Chor. Milt. 66.
II numbering, counting, μάσσων ἀριθμοῦ past counting, Pi. N. 2.23; esp. in phrases, ἀ. ποιεῖσθαι τῶν νεῶν to hold a muster of.., Hdt. 8.7; ποιεῖν X. An. 7.1.7, etc.; παρεῖναι εἰς τὸν ἀ. ib.II; εἴ τι δυνατὸν ἐς ἀ. ἐλθεῖν can be stated in numbers, Th. 2.72.
III the science of numbers, arithmetic, ἀριθμόν, ἔξοχον σοφισμάτων A. Pr. 459; ἀριθμῶν καὶ μέτρων εὑρήματα S. Fr. 432; ἀ. καὶ λογισμὸν εὑρεῖν Pl. Phdr. 274c, cf. R. 522c: prov., εἴπερ γὰρ ἀριθμὸν οἶδα E. Fr. 360.19. in Philos., abstract number, Arist. Cat. 4b23, Metaph. 990a19, al.; ἀ. μαθηματικός ib. 1090b35; ἀ. οὐσιώδης, opp. τοῦ ποσοῦ, Plot. 5.5.4; ἀ. ἑνιαῖος, οὐσιώδης, ἑτεροῖος, Dam. Pr. 228. Gramm., number, Stoic. 3.214, D.T. 634.16, A.D. Synt. 32.2,al.; cf. ἑνικός, δυικός, πληθυντικός. numeral, ib. 36.6, etc.; ὁ τέσσαρα ἀ. S.E. M. 7.96; παιδὸς ἀ., = δεκάτη, E. El. 1132. unknown quantity (x), defined as πλῆθος μονάδων ἀορίστων, Dioph. Def. 2. Rhet., rhythm in Prose, in pl., D.H. Comp. 23, Dem. 52, cf. Arist. Rh. 1408b29; but also ἀριθμοὶ τῶν ἀρχαίων ποιητᾶν SIG 703.7 (Delph.). line of a book, Apollon. Cit. 2. sum of numerical values of letters in a name, [Rev 13:17],al.; φιλῶ ἧς ἀριθμὸς φμέ Pompeian Inscr. in Rend.Linc. 10(1901).257. unit of troops, = Lat. numerus, CIG 5187 (vi A. D.), BGU 673 (vi A. D.), etc.; = legio, Jul. ad Ath. 280d, Zos. 5.26, PLond. 5.1711.69 (vi A. D.). Astrol., mostly in pl., degrees traversed in a given time, Ptol. Tetr. 112, Doroth. in Cat.Cod.Astr. 6.107.30; τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀ. at her normal speed, of the moon, Gal. 19.531; also of degrees of latitude, Heph.Astr. 2.8, 3.1. Medic., in pl., precise conditions, παρόντων τῶν πρὸς τὴν φλεβοτομίαν ἀριθμῶν Herod. Med. in Rh.Mus. 58.71, cf. Aret. CA 2.3, prob. in Herod.Med. ap. Aët. 9.2; cf. supr. 1.4. [ ῐ E. El. 1132, Ar. Nu. 1203.] (ἀρῐ-θμός from root ἀρι-, cf. ἐπάριτος (q. v.), νήριτος.)