ὑπό [ῠ], Pr with gen., dat., and acc.: Aeol. ὐπά Alc. 39; Boeot. ὑπά Ἀρχ.Δελτ. 14 Pl. ii 19 (Thespiae, iii B.C.); Ion. ηυπύ only in IG 14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.); Arc. ὁπύ Schwyzer 664.15,21 (Orchom. Arc., iv B.C.); in ὑπαί (also B. 12.139): this is found in Hom. only six times as a well-attested reading (ὑ. πόδα Il. 2.824, ὑ. δέ 3.217, 11.417, 12.149, ὑ. δείους 10.376, 15.4); elsewh. (before λ ν ρ ϝ) it is weakly attested as v. l. for ὑπὸ ( ), e.g. ποσσὶ δ’ ὑπὸ (v.l. ὑπαὶ) λιπαροῖσι Il. 2.44, al.; but ὑπαὶ νεφέων is given by most codd. in Il. 15.625, 16.375 (v. Allen ed. maj.), and ὑπαὶ νεφέεσσι Anon. ap. Plu. 2.38e; also in compds., ὑπαιδείδοικα h.Merc. 165, ὑπαιφοινίσσω (q. v.); it is not freq. in Trag. Poets, A. Ag. 892, 944, 1164 (lyr.), Eu. 417, S. El. 711, 1418 (lyr.), Inach. in PTeb. 692 ii5 (lyr.), E. El. 1188 (lyr.), Ar. Ach. 970 (paratrag.). (With ὑπό (ὕπο) cf. Skt. úpa ’towards, near to, etc.’, Goth. uf ’under’.) WITH GENITIVE, I of Place, with Verbs of motion, from under, αὖτις ἀναστήσονται ὑ. ζόφου they will rise again from under the gloom, Il. 21.56; ὑ. χθονὸς ἧκε φόωσδε Hes. Th. 669; ῥέει κρήνη ὑ. σπείους Od. 9.141, cf. Pl. Phdr. 230b; ὄσσε δεινὸν ὑ. βλεφάρων ἐξεφάανθεν Il. 19.17; ἐσιδόντες ὑπαὶ χειμῶνος αἴγλαν from under the storm-cloud, B. 12.139; esp. of rescuing from under another’s power, after the Verbs ἐρύεσθαι, ἁρπάζειν, ῥύεσθαι, ἐρύειν, Il. 9.248, 13.198, 17.224, 235; ἤγαγεν ὑμέτερόνδ’ ἀνδροκτασίης ὕ. λυγρῆς from the consequences of, 23.86; also ἵππους μὲν λῦσαν ὑ. ζυγοῦ from under the yoke, 8.543, Od. 4.39; ὑπ’ ἀρνειοῦ λυόμην I loosed myself from under the ram, 9.463; σπλάγχνων ὕπο ματέρος μόλεν, i.e. was born, Pi. N. 1.35, cf. O. 6.43; rarely in Trag., ὑ. πτερῶν σπάσας E. Andr. 441; περᾷ γὰρ ἥδ’ ὑ. σκηνῆς πόδα Id. Hec. 53; once in Hdt., τὰς δέ οἱ ἵππους ὑ. τοῦ ἅρματος νεμομένας ἀφανισθῆναι 4.8; αἴ τις ὑ. τῶν νομίων τῶν ἐπιϝοικων ἀνχωρέῃ SIG 47.27 (Locris, v B.C.); cf. ὑπέκ.

2. of the object under which a thing is or is placed, under, beneath, with collat. sense of motion, as μοχλὸν ὑ. σποδοῦ ἤλασα πολλῆς thrust it in under the embers, Od. 9.375; ὑ. στέρνοιο τυχήσας Il. 4.106; τοὺς μὲν ὑ. χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης πέμψαν Hes. Th. 717: also without the sense of motion, ὑπ’ ἀνθερεῶνος ὀχεὺς τέτατο Il. 3.372; βάθιστον ὑ. χθονός ἐστι βέρεθρον 8.14; ἐτέθαπτο ὑ. χθονός Od. 11.52; κεκευθὼς πολεμίας ὑ. χθονός A. Th. 588; ὑπ’ ἀγκῶνος βέλη Pi. O. 2.83; νέρθεν ὑπ’ ἐγκεφάλοιο Il. 16.347; τὰ ὑ. γῆς δικαιωτήρια Pl. Phdr. 249a; δεξιὰν ὑφ’ εἵματος κρύπτειν E. Hec. 342; φέρειν ζώνης ὕπο ib. 762: Thom.Mag. p.375 R. says that ὑ. = under takes gen. in Att., acc. in ’Hellenic’ Greek; κατακρύψας ὑ. κόπρου, which is v.l. in Od. 9.329 for ὑ. κόπρῳ, is called by Eust. 1631.36 Ἀττικώτερον, ὁποῖον καὶ τὸ φέρειν τι ὑ. κόλπου ἢ ὑ. μάλης (v. κόλπος, μάλη); but in Att. Prose, Hdt., and the Koine ὑ. c. gen. in signfs. 1.1, 2 is almost limited to these and a few other phrases, esp. ὑ. γῆς; it is not found at all in Th., LXX, Ptolemaic papyri, and NT; X. has ὑ. ἁμάξης (= from under) An. 6.4.22, 25; the Orators have only ὑ. μάλης, Lys. Fr. 54, D. 29.12; ὑ. γῆς is found in Pl. Rev 18:1-24 b, Mx. 246d, R. 414d, al., Arist. Mete. 352b6, al., Hipparch. 2.2.45, Plb. 18.18.10 (ὑ. τῆς γῆς), 21.28.3, 10. metaph., ἀρετῶσι δὲ λαοὶ ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ under his rule, Od. 19.114.

II of Cause or Agency, freq. with pass. Verbs, and with intr. Verbs in pass. sense, μή πως τάχ’ ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ δουρὶ δαμήῃς Il. 3.436, cf. 4.479; ἡνιόχοιο ἐν κονίῃσι πεσόντος ὑφ’ Ἕκτορος 17.428; εὖτ’ ἂν πολλοὶ ὑφ’ Ἕκτορος θνῂσκοντες πίπτωσι 1.242; τὸν.. τοκέα ὑ. τοῦ.. παιδὸς ἀποθνῄσκειν Hdt. 1.137; οἵαις ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ πημοναῖσι κάμπτομαι A. Pr. 308, cf. Th. 7, al.; πέλεκυς.. ὅς τ’ εἶσιν διὰ δουρὸς ὑπ’ ἀνέρος Il. 3.61; ὑπ’ Ἀχαιῶν.. φοβέοντο.. ἀπὸ νηῶν 16.303; πάσχειν δὲ κακῶς ἐχθρὸν ὑπ’ ἐχθρῶν A. Pr. 1042 (anap.); ὑ. τοῦ Μήδου δεινότερα τούτων πάσχοντες Th. 1.77; ἐκπεσόντες ὑ. τοῦ πλήθους Id. 4.66; ἀναστάτων Καμαριναίων γενομένων ὑ. Συρακοσίων Id. 6.5; ὑφ’ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ μὴ ὑ. τῶν πολεμίων τοῦτο παθεῖν Id. 4.64; κλύοντές ἐσμεν αἰσχίστους λόγους.. τοῦδ’ ὑπ’ ἀνδρὸς ἀρτίως we have been called shameful names by.., S. Aj. 1321; κακῶς ὑ. τῶν πολιτῶν ἀκούειν to be ill spoken of by.., Isoc. 4.77, cf. Pl. Hp.Ma. 304e, X. An. 7.7.23; of a subordinate agent, ὑ. κήρυκος προαγορεύειν, ἀπειπεῖν κηρύκων ὕπο, Hdt. 9.98, E. Alc. 737, cf. Th. 6.32; ἐμῶν ὑπ’ ἀγγέλων.. πορεύεται S. Tr. 391; ὑ. ἀγγέλων πέμπων Pl. Phlb. 66a: sts. with a verbal Subst., τὸ ὑ. νόμου ἐπίταγμα (i. e. ἐπιταττόμενον) Id. R. 359a; ἐκφορὰ φίλων ὕπο A. Th. 1029; ἡ ὑπ’ ἀρετῆς Ἡρακλέους παίδευσις X. Mem. 2.1.34; ἡ ὑ. πάντων τιμή Id. Cyr. 3.3.2; Ἥρας δεσμοὶ ὑ. ὑέος Pl. R. 378d; so ἄτρωτον ἦν ὑ. στύγους (= οὐ τετρωμένον) prob. in A. Ch. 532.

2. also in pregnant phrases, not only of the immediate act of the agent, but also of its further result, ὅθ’ ὑ. λιγέων ἀνέμων σπέρχωσιν ἄελλαι hasten driven on by them, Il. 13.334; ὑφ’ Ἕκτορος.. φεύγοντες fleeing before him, 18.149, χάσσονται ὑπ’ ἔγχεος 13.153, cf. 7.64, 11.119, 424, Od. 5.320, 7.263, al.; πράγματα εἶχον ὑ. λῃστῶν X. HG 5.1.5; ἔπαινον, αἰτίαν ἔχειν ὑ. τινῶν, Hdt. 9.78, A. Eu. 99; οὐκέτι ἀποχωρεῖν οἷόν τ’ ἦν ὑ. τῶν ἱππέων Th. 7.78, cf. Ar. V. 1084.

3. freq. of things as well as persons, ὡς διάκειμαι ὑ. τῆς νόσου Th. 7.77; κεῖμαι νούσου ὕ. στυγερᾶς IG 42(1).125.8 (Epid., iii B.C.); χαλεπῶς ἔχειν ὑ. τραυμάτων Pl. Tht. 142b; ὑ. δόρατος πλαγείς IG 42(1).122.64 (Epid., iv B.C.); ὑ. ἔχιος φῦμα ib.123.4 (ibid., iv B.C.); ἰάθη ὑ. ὄφιος ib.121.113 (ibid., iv B.C.); κατεσκεύασαν τὰς πύλας κλείεσθαι ὑ. σφύρας τε μεγάλης καὶ κτύπου παμμεγέθους γιγνομένου Aen.Tact. 20.4: of the agency of feelings, passions, etc., ἀνόρουσ’ ὑ. χάρματος h.Cer. 371; ἐνδακρύειν, ἀνολολύξαι χαρᾶς ὕπο, A. Ag. 541, 587; μαίνεται.. ὑφ’ ἡδονῆς S. El. 1153; χλωρὸς ὑπαὶ δείους Il. 10.376; ὑ. δέους ἔρρηξε φωνήν Hdt. 1.85, cf. Th. 6.33; οὐ δυνατὸν τὸν δῆμον ἐσόμενον ὑ. τῶν κακῶν καρτερεῖν Id. 4.66; ὑ. κακοῦ ἀγρυπνίῃσι εἴχετο Hdt. 3.129; ὑπ’ ἄλγους A. Eu. 183; ὑπ’ ὀργῆς Ar. V. 1083; ὑ. λύπης S. OT 1073: hence ὑπό is used even with active Verbs, where a passive word may be supplied, e.g. ὑ. ἀρετῆς καὶ προθυμίης συνεπλήρουν τὰς νέας from courage, i. e. impelled by courage, Hdt. 8.1; ὤρυσσον ὑ. μαστίγων Id. 7.22, cf. 56; οὐδὲ σέ γε δόλος ἔσχ’ ὑ. χειρὸς ἐμᾶς by my agency, S. Ph. 1118 (lyr.); αἰ μήτις αὐτὸς δοίη, μὴ ὑπ’ ἀνάγκας not under compulsion, GDI 5128.5 (Vaxos).

4. ὑπό freq. serves to denote the attendant or accompanying circumstances, νέφος ἐρχόμενον κατὰ πόντον ὑ. Ζεφύροιο ἰωῆς Il. 4.276, cf. 16.591, etc.: sts. with part. added, ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες σμερδαλέον κονάβησαν ἀϋσάντων ὑπ’ Ἀχαιῶν at their shouting, i.e. when they shouted, 2.334, 16.277; ἴαχε σάλπιγξ ἄστυ περιπλομένων δηΐων ὕ. 18.220.

5. of accompanying music, to give the time, κώμαζον ὑπ’ αὐλοῦ Hes. Sc. 281, cf. 278; ᾄδων ὑπ’ αὐλητῆρος Archil. 123, cf. Thgn. 825, Charon Fr. 9; πίνειν ὑ. σάλπιγγος Ar. Ach. 1001: generally, of anything attendant, δαΐδων ὕ. λαμπομενάων ἠγίνεον by torchlight, Il. 18.492, cf. E. Hel. 639 (lyr.), Ion 1474 (lyr.); καταθάψομεν.. ὑ. κλαυθμῶν A. Ag. 1554 (anap.); ὑπ’ εὐκλείας θανεῖν E. Hipp. 1299; εἴσειμ’ ὑπαὶ πτερύγων κιχλᾶν καὶ κοψίχων Ar. Ach. 970; ὑπ’ εὐφήμου βοῆς θῦσαι offer a sacrifice accompanied by it, S. El. 630; ὑ. φανοῦ πορεύεσθαι by lantern-light, X. Lac. 5.7; ὑ. πομπῆς ἐξάγειν τινά in or with solemn procession, Hdt. 2.45, cf. Ar. Th. 1030; ὑ. βίης βήξας coughing with violence, violently, Hdt. 6.107; ἐτόξευον ὑ. μαστίγων, i.e. they shot and lashed, X. An. 3.4.25: v. infr. B. 11.4, C. IV. 1.

6. ὑ. Ἑλλανοδικᾶν, = ἐπί c. gen., SIG 171 (Olympia, iv B.C.).

7. Math., ἡ ὑ. ΘΔΗ the angle ΘΔΗ (= ἡ ὑ. τῶν ΘΔ, ΔΗ περιεχομένη γωνία), Procl. Hyp. 2.26; but also τὸ ὑ. τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ the rectangle contained by ΑΓ, ΓΒ, = ΑΓ χ ΓΒ, Euc. 2.4.

8. ναῦλον ὄνων γ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ὑ. οἴνου laden with wine, Pap. in Hermes 28.163 (ii A.D.), cf. ib.479, and infr. C. IV. 2.

WITH DATIVE (esp. in Poets, never in LXX (Job 12:5 is dub. l.) or NT, not common in Arist., Ptolemaic papyri, or Plb.), of Position under, ὑ. ποσσί Il. 2.784, al.; ὑ. πλατανίστῳ ib. 307, cf. 18.558; ὑ. Τμώλῳ at its foot, 2.866, cf. Od. 1.186; Βερύσιοι ὑ. τῇ Ἴδῃ IG 12.191.11, cf. 373.118, al.; ὑ. τῇ ἀκροπόλι Hdt. 6.105; τῶν θανόντων ὑπ’ Ἰλίῳ under its walls, E. Hec. 764, cf. A. Ag. 860; πέτρῃ ὕ. γλαφυρῇ εὗδον, Βορέω ὑπ’ ἰωγῇ Od. 14.533; ὑ. τοῖς ὄρεσιν ἔχειν τὰς πηγάς Arist. Mete. 350b27; ὑ. πέτρᾳ παῖς IG 42(1).122.19 (Epid., iv B.C.); ὑ. τῷ ναῷ ἀστραγαλίζοντος αὐτοῦ ib.121.25 (ibid., iv B.C.); ηυπὺ τῇ κλίνῃ τούτῃ ληνὸς (or Λῆνος) ηύπυ ib.14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.); στρουθοὶ ὑ. τῇ τραπέζῃ Michel 832.33 (Samos, iv B.C.); ὑ. τῇ μασχάλῃ Hp. Art. 11; χέλυν δ’ ὑ. μασχάλῃ εἶχεν h.Merc. 242; ὑ. ταῖς μασχάλαις Arist. PA 688b5, 14; ὁ ὑ. τῇ γῇ ἀήρ under the earth, Id. Cael. 295a28; ἐὰν ὑ. σοὶ κατακλινῇ lies next below you, Pl. Smp. 222e; ὑφ’ ἅρμασι under, i.e. yoked to, the chariot, Il. 8.402, 18.244; εἶχε μάχαιραν ὑφ’ αὑτῷ παρεσκευασμένος Plb. 8.20.6 codd., cf. POxy. 1800 Fr. 2.36 (Vit.Aesop.); ὑ. τοῖς χιτωνίσκοις περιζώματα φοροῦσιν Plb. 12.26a. 4, cf. 13.7.9; τά τε θηρία καὶ τὰς ὑπ’ αὐτοῖς σχεδίας under them, on which they stood, Id. 3.46.8; τῆς γῆς τῆς ὑ. τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένης Timae. ap. eund. 12.25.7; οἱ ὑ. τῇ ἄρκτῳ, τῇ μεσημβρία, οἰκοῦντες Adam. 2.31, cf. Arist. Pr. 940a37, Phgn. 806b16; ὑ. τῷ μετώπῳ ὀφρύες Id. HA 491b14; ὑ. τῷ γενείῳ Plb. 34.10.9; τὰ ὑ. τοῖς ὕδασι καὶ ὑμέσι καὶ ὑέλοις Hero *Deff. 135.12; ὑ. τῷ δέρματι Gal. 18(2).102.

2. with Verbs of motion, where rest or position follows, εἷσαν ὑ. φηγῷ set [him] down under it, Il. 5.693; ἔζευξαν ὑφ’ ἅρμασιν.. ἵππους Od. 3.478, cf. Il. 24.782; ὑ. δ’ ἄξοσι.. ἔπιπτον 16.378, cf. X. Cyr. 7.1.37; δέμνι’ ὑπ’ αἰθούσῃ θέμεναι Il. 24.644.

3. in such phrases as ὑ. χερσί τινος ἁλῶναι, δαμῆναι, 2.374, 860, al.; ἐμῇς ὑ. χερσὶ δάμασσον 3.352; ὑ. δουρὶ δαμῆναι 5.653, etc.; ἔκπεσον ἵππων Ἀτρεΐδεω ὑ. χερσί 11.180; ὤλετο.. ὑ. γαμφηλῇσι λέοντος 16.489; πέπληγμαι δ’ ὑπαὶ δάκει φοινίῳ A. Ag. 1164 (lyr.); ἐν κονίῃσι πέσοιεν ὑπ’ ἀνδράσι Il. 6.453; ὑ. τινὶ κτείνεσθαι 16.490.

4. behind, ὑ. φάλαγγι Ascl. Tact. 6.1; under the cover or protection of, ὑ. τούτῳ τῷ φράγματι τοὺς ὑπορύσσοντας εἶναι Aen.Tact. 37.9; ὑ. ταῖς αὑτῶν ἀσφαλείαις Plb. 1.57.8, 4.12.10, 16.6.1.

II of the person under whose hand, power, or influence, or the thing by or through which a thing is done, ὑπ’ Ἀργείοισι φέβοντο fled before them, Il. 11.121; freq. in Hom. with intr. or pass. Verbs, ἐφόβηθεν ὑφ’ Ἕκτορι Il. 15.637; ὁρμηθέντες ὑ. πληγῇσιν ἱμάσθλης Od. 13.82; βῆ.. θεῶν ὑ. πομπῇ Il. 6.171; ὦρτο δὲ κῦμα πνοιῇ ὕπο 23.215; ὑ. λαίλαπι βέβριθε χθών 16.384; τεκεῖν, τεκέσθαι ὑ. τινί, 2.714, 728, 742; ἀτῆθαι ὑ. τῷ μεμφομένῳ GDI 4994.8 (Crete); ὁ χρησμὸς ὁ γεγονὼς ὑ. τοῖ Ἀπόλλωνι Inscr.Magn. 38.5, cf. 12,31,52.

2. expressing subjection or dependence, ὑ. τινί under one’s power, δέδμητο δὲ λαὸς ὑπ’ αὐτῷ Od. 3.305, cf. Il. 9.156; ὑπ’ ἀνδράσιν οἶκον ἔχουσιν Od. 7.68; εἶναι ὑ. τισί to be subordinate, subject to them, Th. 1.32; ὑ. Χείρωνι τεθραμμένος under the eye of.., Pl. R. 391c; ἔχειν ὑφ’ ἑαυτῷ have under one, at one’s command, X. Cyr. 2.1.26; τὰ θηρία τὰ ὑ. τοῖς ἀνθρώποις Pl. R. 563c; ὑ. τινὶ στρατεύσασθαι Plu. Cic. 44: in pregnant sense, ἵνα.. πάντα ὑ. Πέρσῃσι γένηται Hdt. 7.11, cf. Th. 7.64; ὑπ’ ἑωυτῷ ποιήσασθαι Hdt. 7.157; κινδυνεύσαιμ’ ἂν ὑ. τῇ δυσχερεστάτῃ γενέσθαι τύχῃ Lys. 24.6; ὑ. τῷ Μακεδόνι ταττομένων Plb. 18.11.4; τοὺς τραφέντας ὑ. τούτοις Id. 6.7.2.

3. of the subordination of things coming under a class, αἱ ὑ. ταῖς τέχναις ἐργασίαι Pl. Smp. 205c; τὸ ὑ. ταῖς γεωμετρίαις Id. R. 511b; ὄργανα.. τὰ ὑ. τῇ μουσικῇ Id. Hp.Ma. 295d.

4. as in A. 11.5, ὑπ’ αὐλητῆρι πρόσθ’ ἔκιον advanced to the music of the flute-player, Hes. Sc. 283; ὑπ’ αὐλῷ, ὑ. κήρυκι καὶ θεολόγῳ, Luc. DDeor. 2.2, Alex. 19; ὑ. μάστιξι διορύττειν τὸν Ἄθω Plu. 2.470e: generally, of attendant circumstances, ἐξ ἁλὸς εἶσι.. πνοιῇ ὕπο Ζεφύροιο Od. 4.402; ὑ. ῥάβδοις καὶ πελέκεσι κατιών escorted by the lictors, Plu. Publ. 10; ὑ. σκότῳ, νυκτί,

ὑπό hypo 220x

    (1) gen., under; hence, used to express influence, causation, agency; by, Mat 1:22 freq.; by the agency of, at the hands of, 2Co 11:24; Heb 12:3.

    (2) acc., under, with the idea of motion associated, Mat 5:15; under, Joh 1:49; 1Co 10:1; under subjection to, Rom 6:14; 1Ti 6:1; of time, at, about, Act 5:21

G5259 — ὑπό

(i. e. Latinsub (Curtius, § 393)), preposition, under, in secular authors used with the genitive, dative, and accusative, but in the N. T. with the genitive and accusative only. (On the use and the omission of elision with it before words beginning with a vowel, see WH's Appendix, p. 146{b}; Tdf Proleg., p. 4, (addenda et emendanda).)

I. with the genitive (cf. Winers Grammar, 364 (342), 368f, (346); Buttmann, § 147, 29), it is used:

1. properly, in a local sense, of situation or position under something higher, as ὑπό χτονος, often from Homer down; ὁ ἐπί γῆς καί ὑπό γῆς χρυσός, Plato, legg. 5, p. 728 a.; hence,

2. metaphorically, of the efficient cause, as that under the power of which an event is conceived of as being; here the Latin uses ἆ or ἀβ, and the English by; thus a. after passive verbs — with the genitive of a person: Mat 1:22; Mat 2:15; Mar 1:5; Mar 2:3; ( L T Tr WH); Luk 2:18; ( Rec.); Joh 10:14 R G; ; Act 4:11; Act 15:4; ( L T Tr WH); Rom 15:15 (R G L); 1Co 1:11; 2Co 1:4, 2Co 1:16; Gal 1:11; Eph 2:11; Phi 3:12; 1Th 1:4; 2Th 2:13; Heb 3:4, and in many other passages; φωνῆς ἐνεχθείσης ὑπό τῆς μεγαλοπρεποῦς δόξης, when a voice was brought by the majestic glory (cf. R. V. marginal reading), i. e. came down to him from God, 2Pe 1:17; after γίνομαι, to be done, effected, Luk 9:7 R L in brackets; Luk 13:17; Luk 23:8; Eph 5:12; γίνεται τίνι ἐπιβουλή, Act 20:3; ἡ ἐπιτιμία ἡ ὑπό τῶν πλειόνων, namely, ἐπιτιμηθεισα, 2Co 2:6; — with the genitive of a thing: Mat 8:24; Mat 11:7; Mat 14:24; Luk 7:24; Luk 8:14 (see πορεύω, at the end); Joh 8:9; Act 27:41; Rom 3:21; Rom 12:21; 1Co 10:29; 2Co 5:4; Eph 5:13; Col 2:18; Jam 1:14; Jam 2:9; Jam 3:4, Jam 3:6; 2Pe 2:7, 2Pe 2:17; Jude 1:12; Rev 6:13.

b. with neuter verbs, and with active verbs which carry a passive meaning: πάσχειν ὑπό τίνος, Mat 17:12; Mar 5:26; 1Th 2:14 (Homer, Iliad 11, 119; Thucydides 1, 77; Xenophon, symp. 1, 9; Cyril 6, 1, 36; Hier. 7, 8); ἀπολέσθαι, to perish, 1Co 10:9f (very often in secular authors from Herodotus 3, 32 on); ὑπομένειν τί, Heb 12:3 (cf. ἀντιλογία, 2); λαμβάνειν namely, πληγάς, to be beaten, 2Co 11:24; after a term purely active, of a force by which something is bidden to be done: ἀποκτεῖναι ἐν ῤομφαία καί ὑπό τῶν θηρίων τῆς γῆς, by the wild beasts, Rev 6:8 (cf. 9:18 Rec.) (so ὠλεσε θυμόν ὑφ' Ἐκτορος, Homer, Iliad 17, 616; cf. Matthiae, ii., p. 1393; (Buttmann, 341 (293))).

II. with the accusative (Winer's Grammar, § 49, k.);

1. of motion, in answer to the question 'whither?': to come ὑπό τήν στέγην, Mat 8:8; Luk 7:6; ἐπισυνάγειν, Mat 23:37; Luk 13:34; with verbs of putting or placing: Mat 5:15; Mar 4:21; Luk 11:33; 1Co 15:25; of placing under or subjecting, Luk 7:8; Rom 7:14; Rom 16:20; 1Co 15:27; Gal 3:22; Gal 4:3; Eph 1:22; 1Pe 5:6; ἔχω τινα ὑπ' ἐμαυτόν, Mat 8:9; Luk 7:8, γίνεσθαι, born under i. e. subject to, Gal 4:4; of falling, tropically, Jam 5:12 (where Rst εἰς ὑπκρισιν).

2. of situation, position, tarrying: after κατασκηνοῦν, Mar 4:32; κάθημαι, Jam 2:3; with the verb εἶναι: (to and under) in a local or proper sense, Joh 1:48(49); Act 4:12; Rom 3:13; 1Co 10:1; ἡ ὑπό (τόν) ὀυρνανος namely, χώρα, Luk 17:24; πάσῃ κτίσει τῇ ὑπό τόν οὐρανοῦ, namely, οὔσῃ, Col 1:23; τά ὑπό τόν οὐρανόν namely, ὄντα, Act 2:5 (τά ὑπό σελήνην, Philo de vit. Moys. ii., § 12); εἶναι ὑπό τινα or τί, to be under, i. e. subject to the power of, any person or thing: Rom 3:9; Rom 6:14, Rom 6:15; 1Co 9:20; Gal 3:10, Gal 3:25; Gal 4:2, Gal 4:21; Gal 5:18; 1Ti 6:1; ὑπό ἐξουσίαν namely, ὤν, Mat 8:9 (where L WH brackets read ὑπό ἐξουσίαν τασσόμενος (set under authority), so also the Sinaiticus manuscript); οἱ ὑπό νόμον, namely, ὄντες, 1Co 9:20; Gal 4:5 (ὑπό ἐκπληξιν εἶναι, Protevangelium Jacobi, 18). τηρεῖν τινα, Jude 1:6; φρουρεῖσθαι, Gal 3:23.

3. of time, like the Latinsub (cf.sub vespe. ram), equivalent to about (see examples from the Greek writings in Passow, p. 2111{a}; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, C. III.)): ὑπό τόν ὄρθρον, about daybreak, Act 5:21. This preposition occurs with the accusative nowhere else in the N. T. The apostle John uses it only twice with the genitive (Joh 14:21; 3Jo 1:12 — three times, if Joh 10:14 R G is counted (cf. Joh 8:9)), and once with the accusative (Joh 1:48 (49)).

III. in Composition ὑπό denotes:

1. locality, under: ὑποκάτω, ὑποπόδιον, ὑπωπιάζω, ὑποδέω; of the goal of motion, i. e. ὑπό τί, as ὑποδέχομαι (under one's roof); ὑπολαμβάνω (to receive by standing under); ὑποβάλλω, ὑποτίθημι; tropically, in expressions of subjection, compliance, etc., as ὑπακούω, ὑπακοή, ὑπηκως, ὑπόδικος, ὕπανδρος, ὑπάγω, ὑπολείπω, ὑποχωρέω.

2. small in degree, slightly, as ὑποπνέω.

ὑπό

(before smooth breathing ὑπ᾿ , Mat 8:9 b, Luk 7:8 b; before rough breathing ὑφ᾿ , Rom 3:9; on the neglect of elision in Mt, Lk, ll . c a, Gal 3:22, v. WH , App ., 146; Tdf., Pr. , iv), prep . c . gen ., dat . (not in NT), acc

I. C. gen ., primarily of place, under, hence, metaph ., of the efficient cause, by: after passive verbs, c . gen . pers ., Mat 1:22, Mar 1:5, Luk 2:18, Joh 14:21, Act 4:11, 1Co 1:11, Heb 3:4, al. ; c . gen . rei , Mat 8:24, Luk 7:24, Rom 3:21, al. ; with neut. verbs and verbs with pass . meaning, Mat 17:12, Mar 5:26 , 1Co 10:9-10, 1Th 2:14, al.

II. C . acc , under;

1. of motion: Mat 5:15; Mat 8:8, Mar 4:21, Luk 13:34; hence, metaph ., of subjection, Rom 7:14, 1Co 15:27, Gal 3:22 , 1Pe 5:6, al.

2. Of position: Joh 1:49, Act 4:12, Rom 3:13, 1Co 10:1, al. ; hence, metaph ., under, subject to, Mat 8:9, Rom 3:9, 1Co 9:20, Gal 4:5, al.

3. Of time, about: Act 5:21.

III. In composition: under ( ὑποδέω ), hence, of subjection ( ὑποτάσσω ), compliance ( ὑπακούω ), secrecy ( ὑποβάλλω ), diminution ( ὑποπνέω ).

詞類次數：介詞（230）

原文字根：在下

字義溯源：被，由，經由，是被，就被，在⋯下*，在⋯之下，在⋯底下，藉，對於，都由，所，下，以下，之下，底下，從，蒙，受，用，為，有，著；所有格：被，蒙，所。直接受格：在下，大約，低於，服下

同源字：1）G5259（ὑπό）在⋯下 2）G5265（ὑποδέω）綁在腳底下 3）G5267（ὑπόδικος）在判決之下 4）G5270（ὑποκάτω）在底下 5）G5275（ὑπολείπω）剩下 6）G5278（ἀπομένω / ὑπομένω）停在下面 7）G5291（ὑποστρωννύω）舖設於下面 8）G5294（ὑποτίθημι）安置在下面 9）G5299（ὑποπιάζω / ὑπωπιάζω）打中眼下

出現次數：總共（220）；太（29）；可（13）；路（31）；約（3）；徒（41）；羅（13）；林前（21）；林後（12）；加（13）；弗（4）；腓（2）；西（2）；帖前（4）；帖後（1）；提前（1）；提後（1）；來（9）；雅（7）；彼前（2）；彼後（5）；約叄（2）；猶（2）；啓（2）

譯字彙編：

1）被（72）太2:16；太4:1；太5:13；太8:24；太10:22；太11:7；太14:8；太14:24；太19:12；太23:7；太24:9；太27:12；可5:4；可8:31；可13:13；可16:11；路7:24；路8:29；路14:8；路14:8；路16:22；路17:20；路21:16；路21:17；路21:20；路21:24；徒2:24；徒4:11；徒5:16；徒10:38；徒10:41；徒13:4；徒16:6；徒22:11；徒22:30；徒23:27；徒23:27；徒24:26；徒25:14；徒26:2；徒26:7；徒27:41；羅3:21；羅12:21；林前4:3；林前4:3；林前10:9；林前10:10；林前10:29；林後2:11；林後3:2；林後5:4；林後8:19；林後11:24；林後12:11；加3:10；腓1:28；腓3:12；帖前2:4；提後2:26；來2:3；來11:23；來12:3；來12:5；雅2:9；雅3:4；彼前2:4；彼後2:17；約叄1:12；約叄1:12；猶1:12；啓6:13；

2）從（12）太3:6；太3:13；太6:2；太17:12；可1:5；可1:9；可1:13；路3:7；路7:30；徒10:17；林前1:11；彼後1:21；

3）由（11）太20:23；太22:31；路2:18；路2:21；徒8:6；徒26:6；羅13:1；羅15:24；林後1:16；加1:11；彼後3:2；

4）在⋯之下（10）羅6:14；羅6:14；羅6:15；羅6:15；羅7:14；加3:23；加3:25；加4:2；加4:21；加5:18；

5）蒙（9）約14:21；徒10:22；徒15:40；林前2:12；帖前1:4；帖後2:13；來5:4；來5:10；來7:7；

6）所（9）太1:22；太2:15；路13:17；徒10:33；徒13:45；徒16:4；徒17:19；徒27:11；弗5:12；

7）下（9）太8:8；路7:6；徒2:5；羅16:20；林前10:1；林前15:25；林前15:27；弗1:22；西1:23；

8）在⋯下（7）太8:9；可4:32；路7:8；徒4:12；加3:22；加4:3；雅2:3；

9）為（7）路4:15；徒10:22；徒10:42；徒16:2；徒22:12；加3:17；彼後2:7；

10）受（6）太4:1；路4:2；約8:9；徒15:3；林前6:12；林後1:4；

11）受了（4）路8:14；林後2:6；帖前2:14；帖前2:14；

12）在⋯底下（4）太5:15；太23:37；可4:21；路11:33；

13）以下（4）林前9:20；林前9:20；林前9:20；林前9:20；

14）是被（4）林前11:32；加4:9；弗2:11；雅1:14；

15）著（3）路23:8；徒12:5；徒17:13；

16）就被（3）林前14:24；林前14:24；弗5:13；

17）經由（3）林後3:3；林後8:19；林後8:20；

18）有（3）路9:7；路9:8；羅3:13；

19）之下（3）羅3:9；加4:5；雅5:12；

20）在⋯以下（2）太8:9；路7:8；

21）用（2）徒17:25；雅3:4；

22）邊（2）路17:24；路17:24；

23）都由（2）太11:27；路10:22；

24）藉（2）太27:35；啓6:8；

25）底下（2）可4:21；約1:48；

26）從⋯中（1）彼後1:17；

27）都必有（1）來3:4；

28）在⋯手下（1）可5:26；

29）在⋯裏（1）猶1:6；

30）是經由（1）來9:19；

31）是從（1）雅3:6；

32）在⋯下的（1）提前6:1；

33）服在⋯下（1）彼前5:6；

34）聚到⋯底下（1）路13:34；

35）於⋯之下（1）加4:4；

36）就將（1）徒21:35；

37）卻（1）路3:19；

38）將要（1）徒5:21；

39）對（1）路2:26；

40）有如（1）可13:14；

41）在（1）太3:14；

42）是由（1）可2:3；

43）於（1）徒16:14；

44）因（1）徒20:3；

45）蒙了（1）林前7:25；

46）乃是被（1）林前8:3；

47）被人（1）林前2:15；

48）出於（1）羅13:1；

49）要被（1）徒23:10；

50）隨著（1）西2:18