τεῖχος, εος, τό, wall, esp. city-wall, Ἰλιόφι κλυτὰ τείχεα Il. 21.295, cf. 446, Od. 6.9, al.; of the embankment round the ships, τάφρος Δαναῶν καὶ τ. ὕπερθεν Il. 12.4, cf. 25 sqq.; τ. ἐς ἀμφίχυτον (of heapedup earth) 20.145; Κιμμέρια τ. earthworks, Hdt. 4.12; but τ. λάϊνα E. Tr. 1087 (lyr.), cf. Th. 1.93, etc.; λίθοις οὓς ἔλιπον εἰς τὸ τ. ἀναλίσκοντες IG 12.81.9; ξύλινον τεῖχος exceptionally, Orac. ap. Hdt. 7.141, cf. 8.51, 9.65, Th. 2.75, X. HG 1.3.4, Orac. ap. Ar. Eq. 1040 (Pi. uses this phrase for a funeral pile, P. 3.38); τ. χάλκεον Od. 10.3; τ. σιδηροῦν, τείχη χαλκᾶ καὶ ἀδαμάντινα, Ar. Eq. 1046, Aeschin. 3.84; τειχέων κιθῶνες coats of walls, i.e. walls one within the other, Hdt. 7.139; τεῖχος ἐλαύνειν, v. ἐλαύνω 111.2; τ. ἔδειμαν Il. 7.436; οἰκοδομέειν Hdt. 1.98, cf. Ar. Av. 1132, etc. (τ. οἰκοδομήσασθαι to build oneself walls, Th. 7.11); τ. ἄξειν Id. 6.99; τὰ τ. στῆσαι D. 20.74; τ. περιβάλλειν ταῖς πόλεσι Arist. Pol. 1331a3; τ. περιβαλέσθαι build walls round one’s city, Hdt. 1.141, cf. Th. 1.8, etc. (also τ. περιβαλέσθαι τὴν πόλιν Hdt. 1.163: - hence Pass., τεῖχος περιβεβλημένος having a wall round it, Pl. Tht. 174e; τείχη περιβεβλημένοι, of citizens, Arist. Pol. 1331a8); but also νῆσον περιβάλλεσθαι τείχει surround one’s island with walls, Pl. Criti. 116a; τ. ῥήξασθαι breach the wall, Il. 12.90, cf. 257; τεῖχος ἀναρρήξας 7.461; so in Prose, τ. διαιρεῖν, περιαιρέειν, κατελεῖν κατασκάψαι, etc., Th. 2.75, Hdt. 6.46, 48, Th. 4.109, etc.
2. τὰ μακρὰ τ., at Athens, lines of wall connecting the city-wall (ὁ περίβολος) and the harbours, Th. 2.13; they were called respectively τὸ βόρειον or Peiraic, and τὸ νότιον or Phaleric wall (Pl. R. 439e, Aeschin. 2.173, 174), cf. σκέλος 11: an intermediate wall (τὸ διὰ μέσου τ. Pl. Grg. 455e) ran parallel to the northern, which was therefore called also τὸ ἔξωθεν, Th. 2.13: the quarter inside the walls is sts. called τὸ μακρὸν τ. Long Wall, And. 1.45.
II fortification, castle, fort, Pi. Fr. 213, Hdt. 3.14, 91, etc. III walled, fortified town or city, Id. 9.41, 115, X. Cyr. 7.5.13, etc. wall of a temple, PEleph. 20.52 (iii B.C.); of a house, PHamb. 15.8 (iii A.D.), PStrassb. 9.8 (iv A.D.), etc. (Cf. Skt. dehmi ’anoint, smear, plaster’, Goth. digan ’mould, create (= πλάσσω)’, daigs ’dough’, Lat. fingo, figura, Osc. feihúss ’walls’, etc.)