H817. asham

אָשָׁם‎ noun masculine offence, guilt — ׳א‎ Gen 26:10 37t., suffix אֲשָׁמוֺ‎ Num 5:7 7t.; —

1 offence, trespass, fault Psa 68:22 (guiltiness RV).

2 guilt Gen 26:10 (J) Prov 14:9; Jer 51:5.

3 compensation, אֵלָיו הָאָשָׁם לְהָשִׁיב‎ to whom to return the compensation (or satisfaction for injury) Num 5:7-8, (P; restitution for guilt RV).

4 trespass-offering (AV, but guilt-offering RV) used only in Leviticus 5; Lev 6:10; 7:1; 14:1; 19:21-22, Num 5:1; 6:12; 18:9 (P), & Ezek 40:39; 42:13; 44:29; 46:20, compare Ezra 10:19. This offering seems to have been confined to offences against God or man that could be estimated and so covered by compensation. The ordinary trespass-offering was a ram, together with restitution and a penalty of a fifth of its value. The trespass-offerings of the leper and Nazirite were he-lambs Leviticus 14 Num 6:12; if the person who suffered wrong or his kinsmen were not living the fine went to the priests. The victims were offered, the blood and fat pieces going to the altar, the skin and flesh to the priests. There seems to have been no application of the blood to the horns of the altar (the chief ceremony of the sin-offering) because the guilt was not expiated at the altar but by compensation to the wronged person or his representative. A part of the blood of the leper's trespass-offering was applied to his person to consecrate him (as in the case of the ram of consecration to consecrate the priests Lev 8:23). The trespass-offering is unknown to J E D and the older Hebrew literature. However, the Philistines send an אשׁם‎ of golden mice and tumours 1Sam 6:3-4, 8, 17, and an אשׁם‎ of money was given to the priests 2Kin 12:17, but these are entirely different from the trespass-offering of P. The Messianic servant offers himself as an אשׁם‎ in compensation for the sins of the people, interposing for them as their substitute Isa 53:10 (incorrectly, sin-offering AV RV). See further Oehler^{OT Theol. § 137} Di Lev 5:14.

詞類次數：名詞（46）

原文字根：罪；相當於G52（ἄγνοια） G931（βάσανος）

字義溯源：罪，犯罪，虧負，過犯，贖罪祭，贖愆祭。源自（H816（אָשַׁם‎）*=犯罪，受刑罰，滅亡）

出現次數：總共（46）；利（27）；民（5）；撒上（4）；王下（1）；代下（1）；詩（1）；箴（1）；賽（1）；耶（1）；結（4）

譯字彙編：

1）贖愆祭（15）利5:6；利5:7；利5:15；利5:18；利5:19；利6:6；利7:5；利14:12；利14:28；利19:21；民6:12；民18:9；撒上6:3；王下12:16；結46:20；

2）（那）贖愆祭（12）利6:17；利7:7；利7:37；利14:14；利14:17；利14:24；利14:25；利14:25；利19:22；撒上6:4；結42:13；結44:29；

3）贖愆祭牲（3）利5:15；利5:16；利6:6；

4）為贖愆祭（2）利14:21；利19:21；

5）那賠償（2）民5:8；民5:8；

6）那贖愆祭（2）利7:1；利7:2；

7）犯罪（1）箴14:9；

8）為贖罪祭（1）賽53:10；

9）的罪（1）耶51:5；

10）罪中之人（1）詩68:21；

11）（那）贖愆祭牲（1）結40:39；

12）罪（1）代下24:18；

13）虧負（1）民5:7；

14）贖愆祭的（1）撒上6:8；

15）為贖愆祭的（1）撒上6:17；

16）這贖愆祭（1）利14:13